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Subject: search.filters.subject.Municipal solid waste

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    Assessment and classification of different ashes from waste incinerators in Thailand
    (2024-12-01)
    Muthuraja, Raji
    ;
    Pombhejara, Chatpong Na
    ;
    Ganesan, Sunantha
    ;
    Attaphong, Chodchanok
    ;
    Morawan, Nattaya
    Rapid urbanisation and a growing population have led to a huge production of solid waste worldwide. To mitigate solid wastes, Thailand adapts incineration. As a consequence, a variety of fly ashes being produced in large quantities. Fly ash management is therefore a risk for the future. A comparison of the chemical and physical properties of five sources of ashes from the waste incinerators in three regions in Thailand, namely MFA1, MFA2, IFA, and fly ash that used in a ready-mixed concrete plant, CFA1 and CFA2 was conducted. Additionally, bottom ashes, MBA1, MBA2 and IBA were also characterized similarly. The analysis showed that coal fly ash from ready mixed concrete plant of CFA1 and CFA2 were classified under class F and C, respectively. The heavy metal analysis showed that fly ash from MFA1 and IFA has high amount of Zn (7,523 mg/kg and 28,315 mg/kg), followed by MFA1 has high amount of cadmium (127 mg/kg) and MFA1 and IFA showed high concentration of lead (1,955 mg/kg and 1,425 mg/kg). The present study show that fly ash often contains heavy metals, dioxins, and other hazardous substances, highlighting the need for detailed analysis to determine proper handling and disposal methods. Advanced classification systems, which may include parameters such as leaching behavior, particle size distribution, and contaminant concentrations, are essential for categorizing fly ash into appropriate management pathways, such as landfilling, resource recovery, or reuse in construction materials.
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    A Multi-Objective Optimization Model for Solid Waste Disposal Under Uncertainty: A Case Study of Bangkok, Thailand
    (2017-03-01)
    Laokhongthavorn, Laemthong
    ;
    U-tapao, Chalida
    This paper has applied operation research to solid waste disposal by which two objective functions are optimized to minimize the expected operational costs (maximize revenues) and the expected net carbon dioxide equivalent (CDE) emissions. Types and uncertain amounts of solid wastes as well as costs of electricity were factored into the selection decision of solid waste disposal, i.e., landfill, incineration, composting and recycling. An optimization model was applied to the solid waste disposal of Bangkok, Thailand. In addition, a multi-objective optimization technique was proposed for a trade-off decision-making between minimum operational costs and CDE emissions. Composting and landfill are effective alternatives for Bangkok’s solid waste disposal system. The operational costs and net CDE emissions are highly correlated with the quantity of solid waste. Policy makers and plant operators could adopt the proposed optimization model under uncertainty in the selection of an optimal solid waste disposal.