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Drought tolerance of Stylosanthes guianensis CIAT 184 by tissue culture
(2026-05-01)
Poeaim, S.
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Ngoenngam, L.
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Poeaim, A.
The multiple shoots induction of Stylosanthes guianensis CIAT 184 was cultured on MS medium supplemented with 3 mg/l TDZ. The percentage of shoot induction was 100%, the average number of shoots was 36.80 per seed, and the average height of shoots was 0.76 cm. The shoots were transferred to MS medium for rooting, supplemented with 0.3 mg/l IAA. The percentage of root induction was 40%, and the average number of roots was 6.50 per shoot. Physical gamma rays induced the mutation. Seeds were irradiated with 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 50 Krad. The results showed that S. guianensis CIAT 184 irradiated at 44.38 Krad gave 50 % (GR50(30)) and 50% LD50(30) of 38.06 Krad. The drought tolerance of seeds supplemented with 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% of PEG-6000. The GR50 was 17.73 % at 2 weeks, and the LD50 was 14.86 % and 11.83 % for 4 and 12 weeks, respectively.
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Induced mutation of curcuma hybrid cv. sweetmemory through tissue culture by ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS)
(2025-01-01)
Yoosumran, V.
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Saetiew, K.
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Ruamrungsri, S.
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Akarapisarn, A.
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Teerarak, M.
The ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) is induced mutation in Curcuma hybrid cv. sweetmemory. The shoot size 1 cm were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with 2 mg/l BA for plantlet induction. After 8 weeks of culture, it was observed that the shoots soaked in 0% EMS at 60 and 120 minutes survived 100%. In additions it was found the highest percentage of shoot emergence, number of shoots, and plant height. While plants treated with EMS solution had decreased survival and growth rates. Thereafter, existing plantlets were potted, and growth was observed. It turned out that the plants none receiving EMS solution (control) had the survival rate and growth rate were better than those of the plants receiving EMS solution. Results showed that control plants receiving 0% EMS at 60 minutes gave highest content of chlorophyll a as 4.06 µg/cm2, chlorophyll b of 2.08 µg/cm2 and carotenoid of 3.09 µg/cm2 but there was none statistical difference with the plants that received EMS solution. The control plants had larger stomata sizes than those that received the EMS solution. However, there was no difference in the number of chloroplasts among treatments. The living plantlets from all treatments were tested Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker and genomic DNA was extracted from fresh leaves. A dendrogram was constructed polymorphic bands using the NTSYSpc program (version 2.10p) showing 2 clusters which separated with similarity coefficients ranging from 0.74-1.00.
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A perturbed particle swarm optimization using harmony search and mutation
(2020-07-01)
Phuchan, Wikrom
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Kruatrachue, Boontee
This paper applies the harmony search (HS) and mutation to lessens the stagnant of PSO. When a particle stops improving, it is mutated or replace by a position value created from harmony memory, which memorized improve locations of particles (Pbest) in search space. Another HS generates the best position among all particles (Gbest) to replace stagnant Gbest to sway the swarm from the trapping location. This HS has another harmony memory that contains improving Gbest. The results of the proposed algorithm are compared with related modified-PSO using 27 benchmark functions. The proposed algorithm locates optimum in more benchmark functions with faster execution.
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Improvement of Dendranthemum grandiflora cv. canter with colchicine in vitro
(2020-01-01)
Asoko, N.
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Ruamrungsri, S.
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Yoosumran, V.
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Saetiew, K.
The mutation of chrysanthemum with ray florets was induced by colchicine. The explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2 mg/l NAA and 4 mg/l Kinetin for inducing calli for 12 weeks. The shoots were regenerated from callus when cultured on MS medium for 8 weeks. The plant growth, size of stomata and number of chloroplasts per stomata were not statistically different in each treatment. However, the ray florets were received high levels of colchicine is less to survivor rate. The plantlet of chrysanthemum was transfered to pot plant containing soil and chopped coconut. Five of ten plant showed the flowers color changed from purple into a pinkish-orange at the 0.10% colchicine for 12 hours. The explant obtained from soaked of 0.15 % colchicine for 12 hours with the highest number of flowers per plant, 72 flowers per plant.
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Mutation Variations in Improving Local Optima Problem of PSO
(2020-01-01)
Adsawinnawanawa, Ekkarat
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Kruatrachue, Boontee
This paper experiment on various concepts in performing mutation to lessen trap in a local optima problem of Particle swarm optimization (PSO). The first concept is when to perform mutation. The earlier mutation favors exploration more than exploitation and usually leads to slow convergence, while the late mutation tends to have opposite characteristics. The second concept is the reset of a known best position (GBEST) when trapping in local optima. The reset reduces the chance of trapping in the same local optima but may lead to slower convergence. On the other hand, mutations without reset best position exploit previous knowledge and converge faster if the GBEST closes to optima. The performances of each concept are compared using 27 benchmark test functions. The results are mixing, but the early mutation without reset GBEST perform better in many of test function.
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Enhance particle's exploration of particle swarm optimization with individual particle mutation
(2019-03-01)
Adsawinnawanawa, Ekkarat
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Kruatrachue, Boontee
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Siriboon, Kritawan
This paper proposed the restart of slow improvement particle with Mutation of its position. This can alleviate the trapped in local optima problem of Particle swarm optimization (PSO). The main characteristic of this method is the gradually restart of particle instead of restart all particle at the same time (rerun). This seems to maintain fast convergence of PSO and avoid overhead of restart the whole swarm. The performance of the proposed method is compared to others algorithms with 26 benchmark test functions. The results confirm the faster convergence with optimum results of the proposed method in most test functions.
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Effects of sequence and expression of eight anthocyanin biosynthesis genes on floral coloration in four dendrobium hybrids
(2015-01-01)
Kriangphan, Nattaphan
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Vuttipongchaikij, Supachai
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Kittiwongwattana, Chokchai
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Suttangkakul, Anongpat
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Pinmanee, Phitsanu
Understanding the control of anthocyanin biosynthesis is beneficial to genetic improvement for floral production in Dendrobium orchids. Full-length cDNA of CHS, CHI1, CHI2, F3H, DFR, ANS, F3'5'H, and FLS was isolated from Dendrobium hybrids with purple, peach, white and greenish white flowers. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences and gene expression levels of the eight genes suggested potential causes of color variation among the hybrids. Peach hybrid (SC) was likely due to changes in anthocyanin production from cyanidin to pelargonidin through mutations in F3'H, and the low color intensity was likely derived from the low expression levels of CHI1 and CHI2. In addition, white hybrid (RW) was likely caused by several mutations in F3H and/or high expression levels of FLS, an enzyme that converts color flavonoid intermediates into colorless flavonols. Simultaneous loss of F3H, DFR, and ANS expression observed in another white hybrid (JW) indicated that an alteration of anthocyanin regulatory controls was likely the cause of white coloration. Furthermore, analysis of hybrid mutants bearing pale and dark flowers demonstrated the influence of the expression of anthocyanin genes on the intensity of flower colors. Data obtained from this work could contribute to new strategies for future orchid breeding.

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