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    Ventilation improvement for effective protection of healthcare workers in negative pressure airborne infectious isolation room from viral aerosols
    (2024-07-01)
    Kaeophet, Thanchanok
    ;
    Dejchanchaiwong, Racha
    ;
    Tekasakul, Perapong
    ;
    Phonsahwat, Thongchai
    ;
    Khongprom, Parinya
    A negative pressure airborne infectious isolation room (AIIR) is the primary healthcare air contamination control system used for the treatment of severe respiratory infectious patients. Effects of the ventilation system configuration and conditions on airflow pattern, aerosol distribution and ventilation performance were investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The field measurement by SARS-CoV-2 environmental surface test was also conducted. The cycle threshold values from transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method showed inverse relation to the simulated number of particles trapped on the surfaces indicating a good agreement. Modification of the present AIIR to have alignment between air inlet and outlet where the aspect ratio of the air outlet, Width (W): Height (H) = 1:1 (Improved case: IC#1) showed a 78 % reduction of aerosol concentration in healthcare workers (HCWs) zones. Aerosol concentrations were increased when the openings of the air outlet were enlarged. Addition of air outlet led to large swirling air, resulting in more aerosols being trapped and suspended in the air. Results suggested that AIIR with alignment air inlet on the ceiling and air outlet at the wall over the patient's head with W:H = 1:1 be the most suitable configuration to maximize the ventilation performance and minimize exposure risk to aerosolized viral infection for HCWs. Air change rate plays a more important role than the differential pressure on the removal efficiency. The differential pressure value should be at least −2.5 Pa and the air supply rate 12 ACH for effective protection of HCWs in the negative pressure AIIR.
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    Analysis of parametric optimization on the design of negative pressure room
    (2023-01-01)
    Oo, Ghaim Man
    ;
    Kotmool, Komsilp
    ;
    Mongkolwongrojn, Mongkol
    Negative pressure rooms are crucial for the prevention of the dispersion of infectious diseases. Using the ANSYS-Fluent finite volume method (FVM), standard k (Formula presented.) ϵ turbulent, species transport, and discrete phase model with the transient condition, this research aims to reduce the amount of airborne contamination inside the negative pressure room. In the current design, both 10 area ratios and static supply pressures (Formula presented.) 1–(Formula presented.) 30 Pa are considered. The optimum condition is reached at an area ratio of 9 and 13 Air change per hours (ACHs) with a 96% reduction in CO<inf>2</inf> concentration and an exhaust velocity of 3 m/s and a minimum power consumption of 247 W at a supply pressure of ((Formula presented.) 10) Pa. The effective direct airflow pattern is observed as a safe environment by analyzing the streamlines and velocity vector distributions. To prevent the infectious viruses spread, the particle tracking of coughed droplets is analyzed so that 100% of aerosol particles can be extracted within 3 s. The door-opening effect showed that the desired negative pressure could be maintained even if the door opened for a long time. This work will benefit the design engineers for any intended negative pressure room and provide a secure working environment for the medical personnel.
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