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Efficacy of Four Entomopathogenic Fungi as Biopesticide Candidates against Bemisia tabaci on Soybean
(2026-01-01)
Prayogo, Yusmani
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Ginting, Sempurna
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Bayu, Marida Santi Yudha Ika
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Baliadi, Yuliantoro
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Harnowo, Didik
Bemisia tabaci is a major pest of soybeans and a vector of plant viruses. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of four entomopathogenic fungi for suppressing B. tabaci populations on soybeans. The four treatments were L. lecanii, A. aleyrodis, M. anisopliae, and B. bassiana, a comparison with the insecticide thiamethoxam and a control group without treatment. The four types tested were able to suppress B. tabaci populations by up to 75%, with A. aleyrodis being especially effective. There was no significant difference in efficacy between the four types and the insecticide thiamethoxam. Validating the efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi, there were no significant differences in plant height, dry stover weight, or number of pods between treatments with the insecticide thiamethoxam. However, significant differences occurred in the number of empty pods and seed weight, reducing yield losses by up to 78%. There was a positive correlation between the B. tabaci population and the number of empty pods (r = 0.80), while there was a negative correlation between the B. tabaci population and plant height and soybean yield (r =-0.56 and r =-0.54, respectively).
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Evaluation of soybean (Glycine max L.) under different salinity stress on seedling growth and biochemical responses
(2025-01-01)
Jiamtae, P.
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Touyjaroan, T.
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Sarutayophat, T.
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Nitthaisong, P.
The effects of NaCl concentrations (0 mM, 40 mM, 80 mM, and 120 mM) on soybean growth, physiology, and biochemical were investigated. Increasing salinity decreased plant height, root length, leaf number, leaf greenness, biomass, and chlorophyll content, while proline levels increased. There were significant interactions between cultivars and NaCl concentrations in almost all parameters. At 120 mM, plant death was found in Chiang Mai 84-2 and Chiang Mai 60 cultivars, in contrast, the cultivar Nakhon Sawan 1 exhibited no plant death at any NaCl concentration, indicating its suitability for salinity stress.
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Tuning of rheological behavior of soybean lipophilic protein-stabilized emulsions
(2023-08-01)
Sirison, Jiraporn
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Ishii, Toya
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Matsumiya, Kentaro
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Higashino, Yuki
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Nambu, Yuko
Soy lipophilic protein (LP) is a protein fraction mainly composed of a phospholipid-protein complex isolated from defatted soy meal. This work investigated effects of seasoning materials, i.e., NaCl, sucrose, and acetic acid, on rheological properties of LP-stabilized O/W emulsions. LP dispersions in water were homogenized with soybean oil to create LP-stabilized emulsions of which added oil was 50 wt%. LP emulsions immediately flocculated but resisted coalescence at least for 8 weeks. An addition of NaCl and sucrose separately decreased emulsion viscosity probably due to salting-in and hydration effects, respectively. LP emulsions initially in a liquid form at pH 7.2 became semisolid at pH 5.7 by stepwise acidification, and thereafter returned to liquid by further acidification below pH 4.2. The drastic change was attributed to insufficient inter-droplet electrostatic repulsion within the pH range (pH 5.7–4.2) according to the zeta-potential analysis. The storage modulus (G′) of the solidified emulsions was higher than the loss modulus (G″) and not strongly dependent on frequency, indicating internal network structure. Cryo-SEM clarified that acidification neither caused more inhomogeneous distribution nor promoted coalescence of oil droplets, revealing that the acid-induced solidification resulted from enhanced non-covalent interactions between contacted and packed oil droplets. The solidified emulsion was stable against coalescence for at least 8 weeks under a commercial shelf-life condition. These findings show that LP can create stable emulsions highly tunable regarding rheological behavior, thereby emphasizing potential of LP for application to various food emulsion products varying in texture from liquid to semisolid.
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Current situation of cadmium-polluted paddy soil, rice and soybean in the mae sot district, tak province, thailand
(2012-01-01)
Sriprachote, Anongnat
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Kanyawongha, Pornthiwa
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Ochiai, Kumiko
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Matoh, Toru
Since 2002, a joint research team from the International Water Management Institute and the Department of Agriculture, Thai Government, has reported that there are cadmium (Cd)-contaminated paddy fields in northern Thailand. We evaluated the current situation of the Cd-polluted paddy fields in this report. Home-consumed rice grains were collected from all 23 households in the village of Pha Te, Mae Sot District of Tak Province, Thailand. The Cd concentration in unhusked rice (Oryza sativa L.) grains ranged from 0.04 to 1.75 mg Cd kg1, and the rice of more than half of the households contained Cd levels higher than the critical level of 0.4 mg Cd kg1 polished rice, which is CODEX standard. Among the paddy fields, we selected one plot (1.2 ha) and analyzed Cd concentrations of the soil, and rice and soybean (Glycine max L.) grains. In this area, a rotation cropping system of wet-season rice and dry-season soybean is common practice. The soil Cd concentration ranged from 0.31 to 13.9 mg Cd kg1 (total Cd) and 0.030 to 13.3 mg Cd kg1 [extracted with 0.1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl)], the Cd concentration in the rice grains ranged from 0.12 to 1.27 mg Cd kg1, and that in the soybean grains ranged from 0.07 to 0.80 mg Cd kg1. The soil extractable Cd concentration was well reflected in the soybean grain Cd levels (r2 ¼ 0.581), but not in the rice grain levels (r2 ¼ 0.015), suggesting that rice grain Cd levels are influenced not only by the soil Cd concentration, but by other factors as well, such as soil water regime and soil pH. However, a significant difference in the grain-Cd concentration was found; that is, lower Cd in the cultivar ‘‘Khao’ Khaeng’’ and higher in the ‘‘Khao Dawk Mali 105’’, which suggests a possibility of selecting a rice cultivar having low-grain Cd.
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Inheritance of field weathering resistance in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]
(2010-05-01)
Soe, Myint
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Sripichitt, Prapa
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Chanprasert, Wanchai
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Hongtrakul, Vipa
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Sripichitt, Arom
A commercial variety of soybean, Chiangmai 60, which is susceptible to field weathering and two field weathering resistant varieties, GC 10848 and Kalitur, were grown and hybridized in the greenhouse at the Department of Agronomy, Kasetsart University. The F<inf>1</inf> hybrid seeds and their parental varieties were planted in the greenhouse to produce F<inf>2</inf> seeds. Parental varieties, F<inf>1</inf> hybrids and F<inf>2</inf> progenies were grown in an experimental field during the 2008 dry season at the National Corn and Sorghum Research Center, Pakchong District, Nakhon Ratchasima province. Individual plots were 3x3 m2, with six rows, composed of two rows of parents and four rows of F<inf>1</inf> hybrids or F<inf>2</inf> progenies for each cross. The spacing between rows was 50 cm and between hills was 25 cm. At physiological maturity, soybean pods were harvested, threshed and subjected to tests for accelerated aging (AA) and electrical conductivity (EC), and the seed coat percentage was measured. Field weathering resistance of the parental plants, F<inf>1</inf> hybrids and F<inf>2</inf> progenies was evaluated using germination percentages after AA testing and EC values of seed leachate and seed coat percentages. Dominance percentages of F<inf>1</inf> hybrids and the frequency distribution of F<inf>2</inf> progenies for the germination percentages after AA testing and EC values of seed leachate and seed coat percentages of the two soybean crosses revealed that field weathering resistance was controlled by a polygene with partial dominance.
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Breeding of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) for field weathering resistance by pedigree method
(2006-04-01)
Thanh, Phan Thi
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Sripichitt, Prapa
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Wongyai, Wasana
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Juntakool, Sunanta
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Sripichitt, Arom
Breeding of soybean for field weathering resistance was conducted by hybridization between commercial variety CM60 which is susceptible to field weathering and two field weathering resistant varieties (GC2796 and SJ1) in 2003. The F<inf>1</inf> hybrid plants were grown in the greenhouse at the Department of Agronomy, Kasetsart University and the F<inf>2</inf> to F <inf>4</inf> progenies were planted in the field at National Corn and Sorghum Research Center, Nakhon Ratchasima province. Field weathering resistance of soybean was evaluated from some seed characteristics involving seed germinability after accelerated aging, seed vigor estimated from the electrical conductivity of seed leachates, percentage of seed coat and seed coat thickness. Selection was done in each succeeding generation from F<inf>2</inf> to F <inf>4</inf> using pedigree method for plants/lines which had high seed germinability and vigor, high percentage and thickness of seed coat and good agronomic characters. The yield trial of 17 F<inf>5</inf> lines was performed at National Corn and Sorghum Research Center in rainy season 2005. Six F <inf>5</inf> lines having high seed yield, field weathering resistance and good agronomic characters were selected. These promising lines will be further evaluated for seed yield, field weathering resistance and agronomic performance in different locations.

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