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    Item type:Publication,
    Modified specific gravity method for estimation of starch content and dry matter in cassava
    (2021-07-01)
    Maraphum, Kanvisit
    ;
    Saengprachatanarug, Khwantri
    ;
    Wongpichet, Seree
    ;
    Phuphuphud, Arthit
    ;
    Sirisomboon, Panmanas
    An empirical model for the estimation of starch content (SC) and dry matter (DM) in cassava tubers was developed as an alternative method to polarimetry and dry oven. These improved estimation equations were developed based on the specific gravity (SG) method. To improve accuracy, the one hundred-seventy-four sample were obtained from four commercial varieties of cassava in Thailand including KU50, CMR38-125-77, RY9 and RY11, respectively. The age of sample collected from four to twelve months after planting was used in this experiment. The empirical model was created from their relationships between SG obtained from small sample size (~100 g) and its SC and DM. The SG for cassava was strongly correlated with the SC and DM, with values for the coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) of 0.81 and 0.83, respectively. The SC showed a high correlation with the DM, with R<sup>2</sup> of 0.96. To confirm that the empirical model was effective when applied to other samples, unknown samples collected from another area were tested, and the results showed a standard error of prediction (SEP) of 1.02%FW and 3.49%, mean different (MD) of -0.66%FW, -0.89% for the SC and DM, respectively. Hence, our empirical equation based on a modified SG method could be used to estimate the SC and DM in cassava tubers. It can help breeders to reduce costs and time requirements. Moreover, breeders could be used the methods to evaluate the SC and DM from the tuber formation to harvesting stage and monitoring the changes in SC and DM during breeding.
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    Physicochemical factors related to 'Monthong' durian fruit maturity
    (2018-08-30)
    Youryon, P.
    ;
    Rattanaphon, J.
    ;
    Supapvanich, S.
    ;
    Krairiksh, M.
    Heterogeneous maturation of durian fruit on the market is a main problem. The aim of this work was to investigate certain factors related to the maturity of 'Monthong' durian fruit. The durian fruit at immature, onset of maturation, onset of ripening, ripe and full ripe stages were harvested. Non-destructive factors such as specific gravity and total soluble solids (TSS) content of peduncle and destructive factors such as cut-fruit visual appearance, pulp dry weight, colour, TSS content and carotenoids content were monitored. Both specific gravity and TSS content of peduncle were increased until the onset of ripening stage and then remained constant during ripening. The visual appearance showed the increase in pulp yellowness and space between pulp and peel which positively changed with the maturation increase. The pulp dry weight and b* value were increased whilst L* value was decreased as the ripening increased. The pulp TSS concentration was dramatically increased until full ripe and then remained constant. Carotenoids content of the pulp was also obviously increased from immature to the onset of ripening stage and it then remained constant. In conclusion, the decrease in specific gravity and increase in peduncle TSS concentration could be non-destructive factors indicating durian fruit ripening.