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Subject: search.filters.subject.The Gulf of Thailand

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    Distribution and chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols over the Gulf of Thailand during the southwest monsoon
    (2026-05-01)
    Kayee, Jariya
    ;
    Sompongchaiyakul, Penjai
    ;
    Das, Reshmi
    ;
    Wang, Xianfeng
    ;
    Chinfak, Narainrit
    Marine aerosols were collected over the Gulf of Thailand (GOT) during the 2018 southwest monsoon on board the M.V. SEAFDEC2 while sailing. Water-soluble inorganic ions (i.e., Na<sup>+</sup>, NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Cl<sup>−</sup>, NO<inf>3</inf><sup>−</sup>, and SO<inf>4</inf><sup>2−</sup>) and elemental concentrations (i.e., Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr, V, and Zn) were determined to investigate their distribution patterns in order to evaluate the influence of particle sources on the chemical properties of atmospheric aerosols. During the southwest monsoon, the wind predominantly blows over the Indian Ocean to the GOT. Correspondingly, our results indicated that coarse particles are dominated by sea salts. Cl<sup>−</sup> and Na<sup>+</sup> are the major ions, accounting for ∼64.8% (range: 51.2–84.3%) of total ions in the coarse mode particles. The strong correlation between Cl<sup>−</sup> and Na<sup>+</sup> ( r = 0.999) along with the Cl/Na ratio (1.5, range: 0.66–2.00) suggest sea salt origin. Enrichment factor (EF) values indicate that elements are originated from oceanic, crustal, and anthropogenic sources. The oceanic source (Sr, Ca, Mg and Na) explains 95% (range: 81–99%) of total elements in the aerosols. Elements such as Al, Fe, Mn and Ba explain 4.6% of the total elements. These elements associate with the crustal source. Only a minimal amount (0.63%, range: 0.02–4.5%) of the total elements is originated from anthropogenic activities over or nearby the GOT as shown by loading of As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, V and Zn.
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    Micromonospora spongicola sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from a marine sponge in the Gulf of Thailand
    (2013-09-01)
    Supong, Khomsan
    ;
    Suriyachadkun, Chanwit
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    Pittayakhajonwut, Pattama
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    Suwanborirux, Khanit
    ;
    Thawai, Chitti
    An actinomycete strain, S3-1 T, was isolated from marine sponge sample collected from the Gulf of Thailand. The strain is aerobic, Gram-positive and produced single spores at the tip of the substrate mycelium. Strain S3-1 T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars were arabinose, galactose, glucose, rhamnose, ribose and xylose. The polar lipid profile of strain S3-1 T consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, phosphoglycolipid and unknown polar lipids. Morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics of the strain were identified as a member of the genus Micromonospora. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of the strain showed similarity to Micromonospora nigra DSM 43818 T (98.8%), Micromonospora yangpuensis FXJ6.011 T (98.7%) and Micromonospora narathiwatensis BTG4-1 T (98.6%). The DNA G+C content was 72.7 mol%. The phenotypic characteristics and DNA-DNA relatedness values supported that the classification of this strain as a novel species in the genus Micromonospora, for which the name Micromonospora spongicola sp. nov. (type strain S3-1 T =BCC 45595 T =NBRC 108779 T) is proposed. © 2013 Japan Antibiotics Research Association All rights reserved.