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Distribution of Wolbachia infection in butterflies (Lepidoptera): First systematic report from Thailand
(2023-01-01)
Boonsit, Panukorn
;
Wiwatanaratanabutr, Itsanun
;
Ross, Perran A
;
Grandjean, Frederic
;
Austin, Chris
Wolbachia is a genus of Rickettsia-like bacteria that infects a broad range of insect species throughout the world. It often influences host reproduction to facilitate its transmission to their offspring and spread through populations. The occurrence and ecology of Wolbachia has not been surveyed in detail in Thai butterflies. In this study, we conduct the first systematic survey of Wolbachia infection by sampling 623 specimens from 46 butterfly species from 5 families obtained from tropical forests in 3 geographic regions of Thailand. Wolbachia infections were detected using three PCR primer sets: 16S rRNA, ftsZ and wsp. The results showed evidence for widespread Wolbachia infection in Thai butterflies. The Wolbachia presence was confirmed in 291 individuals from 17 butterfly species of 2 families, comprising 86 individuals from the Central Region (32 males and 54 females), 72 individuals from the Northeast Region (25 males and 47 females), and 133 individuals from the West Region (46 males and 87 females). This report will be useful for understanding the distribution of Wolbachia in butterflies from Thailand.
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Infection density, diversity, and distribution of Wolbachia bacteria in moths (Order Lepidoptera): First systematic report from Thailand
(2021-08-01)
Boonsit, Panukorn
;
Wiwatanaratanabutr, Itsanun
Members of the genus Wolbachia are a group of Rickettsia-like, intracellular, maternally inherited bacterial endosymbionts that infect a diverse range of insects and cause reproductive changes in their hosts. Although Wolbachia's role in many insects has been extensively studied, only a little of their effects on host's reproduction and their infection frequencies were reported in Lepidopteran which is one of the most diverse insects. Here, we present the first systematic survey of the Wolbachia infection status in different species of moths from three different geographic regions of Thailand, which was carried out during January to December in 2019 with the screening of 1,235 specimens in total of 58 moth species from 13 families. Specimens were collected from Khao Yai National Park (the Central and the Northeast regions), and Kaeng Krachan National Park (the West region). Infections of Wolbachia were screened by using polymerase chain reaction with 16S rRNA, ftsZ and wsp gene primers which the results indicated high rates of Wolbachia infection in moth populations from Thailand. Wolbachia was found in all different geographically populations in total of 625 individuals in total of 28 moth species from 9 families, including 144 individuals (46 males and 98 females) from the Central, 156 individuals (49 males and 107 females) from the Northeast, and 325 individuals (114 males and 211 females) from the West. The highest infection rate was 90.47% in the West populations and the average infection rate was 61.90%. The detection of Wolbachia in different moth populations from all regions was identical when all primers were used to screen for Wolbachia. The relative densities of Wolbachia within each individual were determined using quantitative real-time PCR and the result showed that there was a low Wolbachia infection density in these moth populations. These findings indicated that Wolbachia are distributed throughout the moth populations from Thailand.
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Impacts of temperature and crowding on sex ratio, fecundity and Wolbachia infection intensity in the copepod, Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides
(2016-11-01)
Wiwatanaratanabutr, Itsanun
;
Grandjean, Frederic
Wolbachia are a group of intracellular bacteria that cause reproductive alterations in arthropods. Here, we describe the effects of two environmental factors (crowding and temperature) on phenotypic expression of feminization, the host's fecundity and Wolbachia infection intensity among life cycle stages in the naturally Wolbachia-infected copepod, Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides. The copepod was first found to be co-infected with Wolbachia A- and B-supergroups Wolbachia strains based on wsp primers. The relative Wolbachia infection intensity within individuals was determined using quantitative real-time PCR and was significantly higher in the B-supergroup than in the A-supergroup. Experimental results of temperature effect on bacterial density in each developmental stage revealed a significant decrease in Wolbachia infection intensity following exposure to high temperature (37 °C) in both sexes and implied that Wolbachia might survive in room temperature (25 °C) better than in high temperature. Experimental results of crowding effects on Wolbachia infection intensity suggested a negative correlation between copepod nauplii and Wolbachia infection intensity. No effect of rearing temperature on the sex ratio was reported although the fecundity was significantly decreased by high temperature. The results showed that Wolbachia infection intensity to be correlated with crowding conditions and was decreased following exposure of elevated temperature.
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Wolbachia infections in mosquitoes and their predators inhabiting rice field communities in Thailand and China
(2016-07-01)
Wiwatanaratanabutr, Itsanun
;
Zhang, Chongxing
Wolbachia are inherited, endocytoplasmic bacteria that infect a wide range of arthropods. Here is the first systematic report on the study of Wolbachia infection in mosquitoes and their predators from both Thailand and China. In Thailand, 632 mosquito specimens (20 spp.) and 424 insect predators (23 spp.) were collected from the rice agroecosystem, mostly from the Central region, followed by the Northeast, the North and the South and were inhabiting rice fields, wetlands and ditches. In China, 928 mosquitoes (15 spp.) and 149 insect predators (16 spp.) were collected from rice fields along the Weishan Lake in Shandong province. Specimens were classified in the orders Diptera, Coleoptera, Odonata and Hemiptera. Using wsp, ftsZ, 16S rRNA and groE gene amplifications, Wolbachia were detected in 12 mosquito spp. and 6 predator spp. from Thailand and 11 mosquito spp. and 5 predator spp. from China. The relative Wolbachia densities of these species were determined using quantitative real-time PCR. The mosquito, Aedes albopictus, and the predator, Agriocnemis femina, had the highest bacterial densities. These results imply that Wolbachia of supergroup B are distributed throughout these insects, probably via horizontal transmission in rice agroecosystems.
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Wolbachia infection in leafhoppers and planthoppers: Diversity, density and geographic distribution in tropical rice agroecosystems
(2015-06-01)
Wiwatanaratanabutr, Itsanun
Members of the genus Wolbachia are a group of endosymbiotic bacteria that infect a wide range of arthropods and cause reproductive alterations in their hosts. A survey of these endosymbionts in leafhoppers and planthoppers in rice agroecosystems from 20 provinces in 4 different geographic regions of Thailand was carried out during January 2012 to December 2013. Most species were collected from growing rice fields among 5 habitat types surveyed from the Central and the Northeast regions. Infections of Wolbachia were screened by using polymerase chain reaction with wsp, ftsZ, 16S rRNA and groE gene primers and distinguished between A and B supergroup using wsp primers. Species of 15 leafhoppers and 18 planthoppers were collected and identified with 1, 14, 2, 14, 1 and 1 sp. representing the family Aphrophoridae, Cicadellidae, Cixiidae, Delphacidae, Lophopidae and Meenoplidae, respectively. Wolbachia were detected in 1377 of 1849 individuals (74.5%) representing 17 of 33 species (51.5%) of leafhoppers and planthoppers. Wolbachia had not been previously reported from Oliarus sp., Pyrilla perpusilla, Sogatella kolophon and S. vibix. The relative densities of Wolbachia within each individual were determined using quantitative real-time PCR and the result showed that the small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus had the highest Wolbachia density. These findings indicated that Wolbachia are distributed throughout leafhoppers and planthoppers from Thailand, suggesting that Wolbachia dynamics in nature may be affected by ecological factors.
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Distribution, diversity and density of wolbachial infections in cladocerans and copepods from Thailand
(2013-11-01)
Wiwatanaratanabutr, Itsanun
Species of the genus Wolbachia comprise a group of Rickettsia-like, maternally-inherited bacteria that cause several reproductive alterations in arthropod hosts. The best known are cytoplasmic incompatibility and feminization. Here, the first systematic surveys of wolbachial infections in cladocerans and copepods from six geographic regions of Thailand, including Northern, Northeastern, Western, Central, Eastern and Southern are reported. Using gene amplification assays with wsp and groE primers, wolbachiae were detected in 239 (4 spp.) of 1885 (57 spp.) copepods and cladocerans from all regions of Thailand surveyed. Screening results obtained with wsp primers or groE primers were similar in all cases. The presence of wolbachiae was only detected in copepods, not in cladocerans. Sex ratio analyses of the progeny of two species of copepods, Mesocyclops aspericornis and Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides, naturally or artificially infected with wolbachiae showed infection causes feminization (female-bias). The relative density if infection in naturally infected populations of three copepod species, M. thermocyclopoides, Heliodiaptomus elegans and Neodiaptomus blachei, were determined using real-time quantitative PCR assay based on the wsp gene. The density of wolbachiae in M. thermocyclopoides was significantly higher than in the other two species. These results suggest that wolbachial infections are distributed throughout Thailand, and that possibly the natural occurrence of these in copepods may be due to their predation on mosquito larvae. This apparent novel biology may have importance as a genetic drive system for control of vector borne diseases in the future. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.
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Geographic distribution of wolbachial infections in mosquitoes from Thailand
(2013-11-01)
Wiwatanaratanabutr, Itsanun
Members of the genus Wolbachia are inherited intracellular bacterial endosymbionts that infect a diverse range of arthropods. Here I report the results of a survey of these endosymbionts in different mosquito species from six geographic regions of Northern, Northeastern, Western, Central, Eastern and Southern Thailand. Using gene amplification assays with wsp and groE gene primers, wolbachiae were detected in 999 mosquitoes representing 28 species of 1622 specimens collected representing 74 species of wild-caught mosquitoes from all regions of Thailand. Results using wsp primers were similar to those using groE primers in all cases. Wolbachiae had not been reported previously from five of the species tested, namely, Aedes lineatopennis, Aedes vexans, Aedes vittatus, Culex pallidothorax and Culex whitmorei. Infections were found in all major disease vector genera except Anopheles. These results indicate that wolbachial infections are distributed throughout many mosquito species in Thailand. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.
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Distribution of the Reproduction-modifying Bacteria, Wolbachia, in Natural Populations of Tephritid Fruit Flies in Thailand
(2000-06-01)
Kittayapong, Pattamaporn
;
Milne, John R.
;
Tigvattananont, Saen
;
Baimai, Visut
Wolbachia are bacteria that infect the reproductive tissues of numerous arthropod species, including tephritid fruit flies. These bacteria are potentially useful for management of tephritid fruit fly pest populations and may also influence tephritid speciation. The extent to which Wolbachia is distributed among tephritid fruit flies is currently unknown. We conducted a PCR-based survey from October 1995 to June 1998 to determine the prevalence and types of Wolbachia present in tephritid fruit flies in Thailand. Infected flies emerged from twenty of 126 fruit and flower collections and comprised 13 (of 46) species, twelve of which were in the genus Bactrocera. However, only 40% of individuals from infected populations, on average, were infected. Further, for infected species collected at numerous locations, less than one-half of locations had infected flies. Finally, 80% of infected collections were taken during just 3 months (October to December 1997) throughout the 33 month long survey. The use of PCR primers revealed that members of both A and B Wolbachia groups were present. They comprised the Aus subgroup (Group A), and the Con, Dei and Pip subgroups (Group B). Wolbachia from flies of nine collections could not be typed and may represent new subgroups, although there are other possibilities. Most flies carried a single subgroup of Wolbachia. Flies of two collections, however, were doubly infected. Our results indicate that Wolbachia prevalence and type varies substantially among and within tephritid fruit fly species. It is, therefore, crucial to understand the effects of these subgroups on tephritids as well as the factors that control Wolbachia prevalence before a role in pest management or speciation can be assessed for these bacteria.

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