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    IFITMs exhibit antiviral activity against Chikungunya and Zika virus infection via the alteration of TLRs and RLRs signaling pathways
    (2025-12-01)
    Gumpangseth, Nuttamonpat
    ;
    Villarroel, Paola Mariela Saba
    ;
    Diack, Abibatou
    ;
    Songhong, Thanaphon
    ;
    Yainoy, Sakda
    Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) poses a significant challenge as there are currently no targeted antiviral drugs or vaccines to combat this infection. Here, we demonstrate that interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs), including IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3, which are interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), inhibit CHIKV infection in human skin fibroblasts. Overexpression of IFITMs in cells restricts viral infection, whereas knockdown of IFITMs enhances viral infection. IFITMs overexpression causes a substantial upregulation of antiviral genes, namely TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9, and their downstream signaling molecules such as TRADD, IRAK1, TRAF6, and MAP3K7, involved in TLRs signaling pathways. Furthermore, the DHX58 gene encoding the LGP2 protein, a negative regulator of RIG-I in RLRs signaling pathways, was downregulated in the overexpressed cells. Transcription factors including interferon regulatory factors (IRF) 3/5/7, which are downstream signaling components of both TLR and RLR signaling pathways, were also upregulated, resulting in enhanced IFNs signaling. IFITMs not only inhibits the early and late stages of viral infection but can also alter the antiviral innate-immune response to restrict CHIKV infection in human skin fibroblasts. Additionally, IFITMs exhibit their antiviral activity against Zika virus (ZIKV). Altogether, these results show the broad-spectrum antiviral property of IFITMs against arboviruses in foreskin cells.
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    Transmission model for Zika virus between human and mosquitoes
    (2022-09-16)
    Pongsumpun, Puntipa
    ;
    Pongsumpun, Puntani
    Zika virus is mainly transmitted by mosquitoes. This disease can also be passed through sexually transmission. This disease can be found in South and Central America, the Caribbean, the Pacific islands, Africa, and Asia. Zika virus disease is normally a mild disease. About 80% of infected people do not develop symptoms at all. Transmission of this disease is described by mathematical model. We separated the human into susceptible, infectious and recovered populations. The mosquitoes are divided into susceptible and infectious populations. The transmission model is analyzed by using standard dynamical analysis. Local stability analysis of our transmission model is analyzed. We find the basic reproduction number and the factors which influence the transmission of the disease.