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    Mathematical modeling of infectious disease transmission in macroalgae
    (2017-12-01)
    Nokkaew, Artorn
    ;
    Modchang, Charin
    ;
    Amornsamankul, Somkid
    ;
    Lenbury, Yongwimon
    ;
    Pimpunchat, Busayamas
    Understanding the infectious diseases outbreak of algae can provide significant knowledge for disease control intervention and/or prevention. We consider here a disease caused by highly pathogenic organisms that can result in the death of algae. Even though a great deal of understanding about diseases of algae has been reached, studies concerning effects of the outbreak at the population level are still rare. For this reason, we computationally model an outbreak in the algae reservoir or container systems consisting of several patches or clusters of algae being infected with a contagious infectious disease. We computationally investigate the systems as well as make some predictions via the deterministic SEIR epidemic model. We consider the factors that could affect the spread of the disease including the number of patches, the size of initial infected population, the distance between patches or spatial range, and the basic reproduction number (R<inf>0</inf>). The results provide some information that may be beneficial to algae disease control, intervention or prevention.
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    Outdoor cultivation of Dunaliella salina KU 11 using brine and saline lake water with raceway ponds in northeastern Thailand
    (2017-11-01)
    Wu, Zhe
    ;
    Dejtisakdi, Wipawee
    ;
    Kermanee, Prasart
    ;
    Ma, Chunhong
    ;
    Arirob, Wallop
    To evaluate the potential of algal biotechnology to replace traditional agriculture in northeastern Thailand, an open raceway cultivation system was developed to produce biomass and beta-carotene. Dunaliella salina KU 11 isolated from local saline soil was cultured in open raceway tanks using brine and saline lake water. Grown in modified Johnson's medium (with 2–3.5 M NaCl), the algae reached a maximum cell density on the fourth day (1.8 × 10<sup>6</sup> cells mL<sup>−1</sup>). Increasing KNO<inf>3</inf> and NaHCO<inf>3</inf> from 0.5 and 0.043 g L<sup>−1</sup> to 1 and 2.1 g L<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, significantly improved the yields of biomass (0.33 g L<sup>−1</sup>) and beta-carotene (19 mg L<sup>−1</sup>). Expected profits for algal production were evaluated, and it was found that this strain was suitable for outdoor cultivation and the developing algal industry in northeastern Thailand could produce high economic benefits (at least $64,120 per year per 0.16 ha).
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