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    New Leading-Edge Reinforcement Design of Aircraft Wing to Withstand Bird Collision
    (2026-05-01)
    Ngamlikitlert, Suppasin
    ;
    Kim, Minsung
    ;
    Sleesongsom, Suwin
    Bird strikes are a key threat to aircraft wing leading edges. This investigation evaluates a honeycomb block reinforcement concept to improve bird strike resistance while maintaining structural efficiency. A validated simulation was developed using an explicit dynamic finite element approach, in which the bird was modeled as a soft body using smoothed particle hydrodynamics, and the wing leading edge was represented with a honeycomb block reinforcement concept. A design of experiments based on McKay Latin hypercube sampling was applied to comprehensively examine the effects of the geometric parameters on the maximum von Mises stress and maximum deformation. Response surface regression models were then constructed to approximate the impact responses and analyze the model correctness. These models were subsequently integrated into a constrained optimization methodology using sequential quadratic programming and population-based integrated learning to minimize deformation while limiting stress below the material yield threshold. The optimized honeycomb and skin configuration demonstrated a noticeable optimization of the maximum deformation within the yield stress limit compared with the baseline design. The results confirm that the proposed honeycomb block reinforcement concept, combined with a regression-based optimization strategy, constitutes a practical, computationally effective approach to improving bird strike resistance and provides a feasible design option for future impact-resistant wing leading-edge designs.
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    Aircraft Wing Design Against Bird Strike Using Metaheuristics
    (2025-05-01)
    Timhede, Vanessa
    ;
    Timhede, Silvia
    ;
    Winyangkul, Seksan
    ;
    Sleesongsom, Suwin
    Bird strikes pose a significant threat to aviation safety, particularly affecting the wing structures of aircraft. This research aims to design and analyze the impact of bird strikes on wing structures using response surface method and metaheuristics (MHs), which are used to explore various risk minimization and damage mitigation techniques. The optimization problem is the minimization of the maximum von Mises stress of aircraft wing structure against bird strike that is subject to displacement and stress constraints. The design variables include skin and rib thickness, as well as sweep angle. Difficulty due to embedded bird strike simulation and optimization design can be alleviated using a response surface method (RSM). The regression technique in the RSM of the data can reach our goal of model fitting with a higher R<sup>2</sup> until 0.9951 and 0.9919 are obtained for the displacement and von Mises stress model, respectively. The response surface function of the displacement and von Mises stress are related to skin thickness, while sweep angles rather than rib thickness have a greater impact on both design variables. The optimized design of the design variables is performed using MHs, which are TLBO, JADE, and PBIL. The comparative result of MHs can conclude that the PBIL outperformed others in all descriptive statistics. The optimized design results revealed that the optimum solution can release better energy due to bird strike with the highest limit of skin thickness, moderate rib thickness, and less than half of the sweep angle. The results are in accordance with the response surface function analysis. In conclusion, the optimized design of the aircraft wing structure against bird strike can be accomplished with our proposed technique.