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    Control of Manganese Oxide Hybrid Structure through Electrodeposition and SILAR Techniques for Supercapacitor Electrode Applications
    (2023-08-01)
    Klangvijit, Kanisorn
    ;
    Wongwiriyapan, Winadda
    ;
    Uwanno, Teerayut
    ;
    Obata, Michiko
    ;
    Fujishige, Masatsugu
    Manganese oxide has been studied as a promising supercapacitor electrode due to its high theoretical capacitance, low cost, and environmental friendliness. Supercapacitor performance such as specific capacitance, resistance, and cycle life greatly depends on the morphology and crystal structure of manganese oxide. In this study, a Mn<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf> hybrid structure was successfully synthesized using electrodeposition and successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) techniques which are simple, cost-effective, and low-temperature wet chemical processes. It was found that Mn<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf> morphology is different depending on manganese precursors and synthesis techniques. Sea-grape-like and bird nest-like morphologies were obtained via the electrodeposition technique, while flower-like and nanoparticle morphologies were formed via the SILAR technique using manganese acetate and manganese sulfate as precursors, respectively. The hybrid structure of the nanoparticle-decorated bird nest-like heterostructure was prepared using manganese sulfate electrodeposition and subsequent SILAR deposition of manganese acetate. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the Mn<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf> formation. Electrochemical properties of manganese oxide hybrid structure were systematically studied with cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge, showing the highest areal capacitance of 390 mF cm<sup>−2</sup> at 0.1 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> with series and charge transfer resistances down to 4.55 and 4.91 Ω in 1 M sodium sulfate electrolyte.
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    Fabrication of Mn–Co Alloys Electrodeposited on AISI 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel for SOFC Interconnect Applications
    (2023-03-01)
    Thanedburapasup, Saravut
    ;
    Wetchirarat, Nattapol
    ;
    Muengjai, Angkana
    ;
    Tengprasert, Watcharapon
    ;
    Wiman, Panya
    Mn–Co alloys were electroplated on AISI 430 stainless steel using an electrodeposition technique with the aim to reduce oxidation and chromium volatilization. The electroplating parameters were designed to improve the coating quality. The increased current density with decreased MnSO<inf>4</inf> content resulted in a denser coating layer. A sample coated with 0.10 M CoSO<inf>4</inf> and 0.50 MnSO<inf>4</inf> at 350 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> showed the best oxidation resistance after being oxidized at 800 °C for 90 h. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) result revealed that the oxide growth on the surface of the coated samples mainly formed oxides of MnCo<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf>, MnCr<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf>, and Cr<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>. The chromium volatilization was evaluated by exposing the coated samples to humidified synthetic air at 800 °C for 96 h. The mass flux of Cr volatilization was on the order of 10<sup>−11</sup> g cm<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>. Furthermore, different heat treatments in O<inf>2</inf> and CO<inf>2</inf> atmospheres were compared. Annealing in CO<inf>2</inf> at 800 °C for 4 h helped increase the Mn–Co coating density. The relationship between the porosity and its failure behavior was also discussed.