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    Interactance and reflectance near infrared spectroscopy for freshness evaluation of hen eggs
    (2018-10-05)
    Suktanarak, S.
    ;
    Teerachaichayut, S.
    ;
    Jannok, P.
    ;
    Supprung, P.
    Haugh units is an important index for evaluate freshness of hen eggs. High score of Haugh units (≥60) from eggs means those are new fresh eggs. This research is aimed to use near infrared spectroscopy for nondestructive prediction of egg's freshness by quantitative evaluation based on Haugh units. Interactance mode (588-1091 nm) and reflectance mode (1000-2500 nm) of near infrared spectroscopy were investigated in this research. Hen eggs from farm in Thailand were studied by storage at 25°C for 21 days. Samples were taken for measurements at different days of storage (0, 4, 7, 10, 14, 18 and 21 days). A set of 247 samples (165 for calibration and 82 for prediction) was used for interactance mode and a set of 150 samples (102 for calibration and 48 for a prediction) was used for reflectance mode. Calibration models were established and cross-validated using partial least squares regression (PLSR). The accuracies were considered by test in prediction groups. The results showed that the interactance obtained better accuracy for prediction (correlation coefficient, R=0.91 and root mean square error prediction, RMSEP=5.64) when compared with reflectance mode (R=0.83 and RMSEP=7.11). In this study, the interactance near infrared spectroscopy is more suitable to use in application for freshness sorting of hen eggs.
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    Grouping marian plums harvested at different times by transmittance near-infrared spectroscopy
    (2017-11-25)
    Teerachaichayut, S.
    ;
    Phonmakham, S.
    ;
    Suktanarak, S.
    Marian plum (Bouea burmanica Griff.) ‘Toon Klaow’ is one of Thailand’s favorite fruits. Marian plum’s edible quality depends strongly on its harvest time. This study investigated a non-destructive technique for classifying marian plums according to their harvest time after the day that their blossom set. The non-destructive technique used was transmittance mode, short wavelength near-infrared (SW-NIR) spectroscopy in the wavelength range 660-960 nm. Marian plum samples (n=110) were harvested at 62, 65, 68 and 73 days after flowering. The soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acid (TA) were determined accurately by standard methods. SW-NIR spectra of these samples were obtained and analyzed by principle component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The following spectral pretreatments were applied, standard normal variate (SNV), smoothing (Savitsky-Golay), and first derivative, in order to obtain optimal grouping results. The PC1 and PC2 score plot of the PCA could not clearly separate some of the classified groups. For the results of PLS-DA, its cross-validated grouping accuracy was R=0.91 and RMSECV=1.28; hence, it can be concluded that SW-NIR spectroscopy has good potential for determining the harvest time of marian plums.
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    Classification of sweet corn based on storage time after harvest using near infrared spectroscopy
    (2017-03-21)
    Suktanarak, S.
    ;
    Supprung, P.
    ;
    Teerachaichayut, S.
    The freshness of sweet corns is important for production of canned sweet corn. The quality of sweet corns changes rapidly after harvest. Sweet corns should be processed through a production line as fast as possible after harvest. Therefore, some methods of classification of sweet corns based on storage time after harvest are needed. In this study, near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy operating in reflectance mode (1000-2500 nm) and interactance mode (588-1091) were investigated as methods of classification. Sweet corns both with and without husk were tested. Samples (n=120) were scanned with a NIR spectrophotometer every 6 h after harvest. They were then classified into two groups (0 and 1) with a 24-h after harvest cut-off time between the two groups (<24 h and ≥24 h). Classification models were established and validated with a calibration set (n=80), and then the accuracies of the models were evaluated with a prediction set (n=40), using a partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA). It was found that second derivative spectral pretreatment gave the best results for NIR operating in reflectance mode. Regarding prediction accuracy, showed the best accuracies for both unhusked and husked sweet corns (100%), while it was found that mean center and second derivative spectral pretreatment gave good results for NIR operating in interactance mode. The predictive accuracies for unhusked and husked sweet corns obtained 90 and 97.5%, respectively. All of the results demonstrated that NIR spectroscopy has a real potential for non-destructive classification of sweet corns based on storage time after harvest.
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    Non-destructive detection of internal mold infection in sweet tamarind using short wavelength near infrared spectroscopy
    (2014-10-20)
    Teerachaichayut, S.
    ;
    Suktanarak, S.
    ;
    Kasemsumram, S.
    Internal quality of sweet tamarind ('Prakaytong') is an essential commercial attribute. Determination of internal mold cannot be done by visual inspection on the outside of an intact tamarind. Therefore, a non-destructive measurement and data evaluation technique were considered using short wavelength near infrared (SW-NIR) transmittance spectroscopy in order to detect internal mold infection in sweet tamarind. A set of 176 tamarind samples (a calibration set = 124 and a prediction set = 52) were used in this research. Spectra in the region of 665-955 nm were acquired from scanning the center of each seed pod. The averaged spectral reading was used for partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) to establish a classification model for tamarind quality between groups of normal and defected samples. The calibration model obtained optimal result by cross validation using second derivative spectral pretreatment. The classification accuracy on the calibration set was 86.3% (58 out of 62 for the normal samples and 49 out of 62 for the defected samples) and on the prediction set was 84.6% (26 out of 26 for the normal samples and 18 out of 26 for the defected samples). The results showed that SW-NIR transmittance spectroscopy can be used to non-destructively detect internal mold infection in intact sweet tamarind.