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Application of tempeh and split gill mushroom extracts in herbal fresh sausage: Evolution of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities
(2025-03-01)
Somsri, A.
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Yodsenee, K.
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Suthirawat, S.
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Pilasombut, K.
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Rumjuankiat, K.
Tempeh, recognized as a high-protein meat alternative, is gaining popularity across Asian countries, while split gill mushroom (Schizophyllum commune), rich in essential nutrients, are increasingly consumed in Southeast Asia. The antioxidant activities of all treatments were significantly higher than the control (p<0.05). Furthermore, formulations containing split gill mushroom (R3, R4, and R5) exhibited lower initial total plate count (TPC) values compared to the other formulations. Sensory evaluation was then conducted on sausages containing tempeh, split gill mushrooms, and their combinations in ratios of 1:1, 1:3, and 3:1, yielding overall acceptance scores of 3.93, 3.30, 4.27, 5.33, and 3.37, respectively. The combination with a 3:1 tempeh-to-mushroom ratio demonstrated the highest consumer acceptance. Therefore, the study on the application of tempeh and split gill mushroom extracts in herbal fresh sausage is provided valuable information for developing plant-based products and functional foods in the future.
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Siamese neem tree as a natural preservative: Chemical profile, antioxidant properties, and antibacterial efficacy against foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria
(2025-03-01)
Puttongsiri, Tongchai
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Manichart, Nutcha
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Teerarak, Montinee
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Sikhao, Potjana
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Somala, Naphat
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of various ethanol in water solvent systems (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 % v/v) on the extraction crude yield, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and chemical profile of Azadirachta indica (Siamese neem tree) leaf extracts. In addition, the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties were investigated using in vitro assays. Crude yield was highest for the water extract (5.78 g/100 g DW) and decreased with increased ethanol. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were highest in the 75 % ethanol extract (26.95 mg GAE/g crude and 23.73 mg QE/g crude, respectively). GC-MS analysis of the 75 % ethanol extract revealed 33 bioactive compounds, accounting for 96.33 % of the total area. Significant components included benzene, 1,4-bis(phenylmethyl)- (15.05 %), and naphthalene, 1,6-dimethyl- (10.98 %); also present were sterols, fatty acids, hydrocarbons, aromatic, and heterocyclic compounds, indicating a complex chemical profile. In antioxidant assays, the 75 % ethanol extract revealed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC<inf>50</inf>: 143.03 mg/L), reducing power (IC<inf>50</inf>: 378.69 mg/L), and lipid peroxidation (IC<inf>50</inf>: 526.25 mg/L). However, the absolute ethanol extract exhibited both the highest metal chelating activity (IC<inf>50</inf>: 382.60 mg/L) and the strongest antimicrobial activity, inhibiting all 11 tested foodborne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 25 mg/mL was observed for Staphylococcus aureus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Latilactobacillus sakei, Streptococcus sp., and Lactococcus cremoris, with inhibition zone diameters of 27.21, 28.79, 28.19, 17.60, 15.09 and 11.20 mm, respectively. Similarly, the lowest minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 25 mg/mL was obtained for S. aureus and L. sakei, indicating potent antibacterial effects against these species. Future studies should include direct comparative analyses of neem extracts and synthetic preservatives to evaluate further their relative efficacy and applicability in real-world food systems.
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Peppermint essential oil enhances the vase life of Dendrobium orchids
(2024-06-15)
Teerarak, Montinee
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Pilasombut, Komkhae
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Laosinwattana, Chamroon
To extend the vase life of cut flowers, there is now a trend of using plant essential oils in place of synthetic chemicals, as they are fully biodegradable, more eco-friendly, and safer. The objective of this study was to examine the possible application and postharvest quality effects of three plant essential oils namely, ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), and citronella (Cymbopogon nardus Rendle), as natural vase solution for cut Dendrobium flowers. Peppermint essential oil showed promise as a holding solution for extending the vase life of Dendrobium orchids. To confirm vase life extension, emulsions containing peppermint essential oil at concentrations of 50 and 100 μg mL−1 combined with 4 % glucose to formulate holding solutions applied to Dendrobium orchids. Vase life, some biochemical changes, electrolyte leakage, total microbial count in the holding solution, and physical condition via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were evaluated over a period of 25 days. The three major compounds in peppermint essential oil were identified as menthol (33.24 %), 1-menthone (18.91 %) and menthofuran (14.85 %). The essential oil was applied in emulsion form as a holding solution. Treatment with 4 % glucose and either 50 or 100 μg mL−1 peppermint essential oil prolonged the vase life of Dendrobium orchids to up to 28 days. Scanning electron microscopy on Day 7 showed that the xylem vessels of treated orchids remained clear, suggesting reduced microbial plugging at the stalk end. Similarly, on Day 20, a reduced microbial cell count was observed for treated orchids (<1 log CFU mL−1) in comparison with controls (7.20 ± 0.04 log CFU mL−1). Finally, the essential oil improved flower quality by helping preserve petal membrane stability and petal anthocyanin content. Our results suggest the application of peppermint essential oil as a novel alternative to chemicals used in holding solutions for extending the vase life of Dendrobium orchids.
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Efficacy of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) peel hot water extract against Aeromonas hydrophila infection of seabass fingerling (Lates calcarifer)
(2024-01-01)
Thiankham, S.
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Thonghuatoei, W.
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Kantha, P.
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Yomla, R.
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Kitikiew, S.
The mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) peel hot-water extract (MPE) is proved to be antibacterial potential of seabass fingerling (Lates calcarifer) rearing in freshwater which infected by Aeromonas hydrophila. In vitro study, Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of MPE was 25 ppm and the Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was 25 ppm. For In vivo, fingerlings were immersed in different concentrations of MPE by 0 ppm (Control), 20 ppm, 40 ppm, and 60 ppm respectively for 7 days with A. hydrophila concentration of 108 CFU mL-1. The results showed that the group which received MPE were higher survival rate compare with control group. Hematological parameters revealed that the group that received MPE had significantly increased levels of red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), and hemoglobin concentration (Hb) than control group. Moreover, the water quality parameters were not significantly different except ammonia concentration, at 60 ppm MPE concentration of ammonia was the lowest. All results can imply that the MPE is able to improve the antibacterial potential and culture potential for seabass fingerlings.
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Antimalarial and antimicrobial substances isolated from the endophytic actinomycete, Streptomyces aculeolatus MS1-6
(2023-03-01)
Kuncharoen, Nattakorn
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Bunbamrung, Nantiya
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Intaraudom, Chakapong
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Choowong, Wilunda
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Thawai, Chitti
Seven undescribed compounds, including four naphthoquinone terpenoids (aculeolatins A – D), one rare 2-nitropyrrole terpenoid (nitropyrrolin F), and two hydroxamate siderophores (aculeolamides A and B) and one further undescribed compound (2,5,7-trihydroxy-3,6-dimethylnaphthalene-1,4-dione), together with eleven known compounds (arromycin, phenaziterpene A, nitropyrrolin A, heronapyrroles A and B, salaceyin A, 5,7-dihydroxy-2-isopropylchromone, 1-hydroxyphenazine, 1-methoxyphenazine, 1-acetyl-β-carboline, and N-(2-phenylethyl) acetamide), were isolated from the cultures of the endophytic Streptomyces aculeolatus MS1-6. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined using NMR spectroscopy and corroborated using chemical modification. These compounds exhibited a broad spectrum of biological activities, including antimalarial (IC<inf>50</inf> 6.03–9.84 μg/mL), antitubercular (MIC 3.13–6.25 μg/mL), anti-plant pathogenic fungal (MIC 25.0–50.0 μg/mL), and antibacterial (MIC 3.03–50 μg/mL) activities; however, they displayed unremarkable cytotoxicity against cancerous (MCF-7 and NCI–H187) and non-cancerous (Vero) cell lines.
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Antimicrobial activities and phytochemicals of Murraya paniculata L. flowers, leaves and bark crude extracts
(2023-01-01)
Sriwatcharakul, Suttijit
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Angsusing, Sirilak
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Boonyoprakan, Natcha
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Worananthakij, Worakrit
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Taveekijakarn, Praveena
Aims: Murraya paniculata (L.) has been widely employed in medicine, has also been modified to serve as an ingredient in health foods and found application in cosmetics. This study was aimed to assess the biological activities of M. paniculata by analyzing the chemical compositions of its flowers, leaves and bark. Methodology and results: Crude extracts drawn from the flowers, leaves and bark of M. paniculata underwent testing to determine the antibacterial properties in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), as well as the overall chemical composition, total phenolic content, flavonoids and antioxidant activity. Crude extract of leaves exhibited the most potent antibacterial activity when tested against Staphylococcus aureus TISTR 1466, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. The crude extract from bark delivered the most significant antibacterial activity when tested against Micrococcus luteus TISTR 9341, Escherichia coli ATCC 1261, Pseudomonas sp., Streptococcus sp. and Methicilin resistant S. aureus (MRSA). For all crude extracts, the MIC value against M. luteus TISTR 9341 was 12.5 mg/mL. Meanwhile, the MBC value for the crude extract of leaves against B. subtilis ATCC 6633 was 12.5 mg/mL, whereas, for flower and bark crude extracts, the MBC value against S. aureus TISTR 1466 was 25 mg/mL. Antioxidant activity was at its highest for the crude extract from bark (IC50 = 1.36 mg/mL). The highest phenolic content was recorded for the crude extract from bark, while the highest flavonoid content came from the crude extract of leaves (70.81 ± 0.31 mgGAE/g extract and 115.73 ± 1.18 mgQE/g extract, respectively). Conclusion, significance and impact of study: The research findings suggest that the crude extracts of M. paniculata leaves and bark show greater significant levels of bioactivity than was the case for crude extracts from flowers. The research findings could help in exploring the possibilities of using M. paniculata for pharmaceutical purposes and in aquaculture.
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Exploration of earthwormcast associated actinobacteria for plant growth promoting properties
(2023-01-01)
Ashok Kumar, S.
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Karthiga, P.
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Rajalakshmi, G.
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Gopikrishnan, V.
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Radhakrishnan, M.
Due to their wide varieties of chemicals with a variety of biological actions, earthworms, cast, and gut are potential sources of significant biotechnological interest. The finding new microorganisms in peculiar and uncharted habitats were investigated. Actinobacteria are exceptional makers of secondary metabolites and have a wide range of bioactive substances of economic significance. In the current investigation, actinobacteria from earthworm casting were isolated for their potential antibacterial capabilities. Earthworm cast from the Kanchipuram agricultural area had a total of 12 actinobacterial colonies. Human and plant pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Ralstonia solanacearum were tested against each actinobacterial cultures. The selected potential culture was examined for the presence of Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), Phosphate (P) solubilization, extracellular enzymes such as cellulase and amylase. For the promising active trains, optimization, characterization and taxonomy were carried out. Colonies with various morphologies were separated and subcultured for testing their activities. Six of the twelve isolates proved positive for antibacterial activity against one or more pathogens. Of the six isolates tested, strain EWCA 21 was chosen for further screening because it had the greatest effectiveness against tested pathogens. IAA, Phosphate (P) solubilization, and extracellular enzyme activities such amylase and cellulase were demonstrated in EWCA21. Carbon and nitrogen sources expressed an increase in activity and output during optimization. The putative strain was determined to be Streptomyces based on phenotypic analysis. The study concluded that the strain EWCA21 would be developed as a crucial resource for biofertilizer applications.
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Media optimization of antimicrobial activity production and beta-glucan content of endophytic fungi Xylaria sp. BCC 1067
(2022-09-01)
Jayasekara, L. A.Channa Bhathiya
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Poonsawad, Attaporn
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Watchaputi, Kwanrutai
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Wattanachaisaereekul, Songsak
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Soontorngun, Nitnipa
Fungi is a notable asset for drug discovery and production of pharmaceuticals; however, slow growth and poor product yields have hindered industrial utilization. Here, the mycelial biomass of Xylaria sp. BCC 1067 was examined in parallel with the assessment of antimicrobial properties by using media-type selection. To enhance both mycelial content and antifungal activity, the media replacement approach was successfully applied to stimulate fungal growth and successively switched to poorer malt-peptone extract media for metabolite production. This simple optimization reduced fungal cultivation time by 7 days and yielded 4-fold increased mycelial mass (32.59 g/L), with approximately 3-fold increased antifungal activity against the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. A high level of β-glucan (115.84 mg/g of cell dry weight) and additive antibacterial effect against Propionibacterium acnes were also reported. This simple strategy of culture media optimization allows for investigation of novel and rich source of health-promoting substances for effective microbial utilization.
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A novel of bioprospecting of earthworm cast associated actinobacteria for its antimicrobial properties-Short communication
(2021-03-01)
Gopikrishnan, V.
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Radhakrishnan, M.
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Joseph, J.
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Abirami, B.
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Manigundan, K.
Among bacteria, the actinobacteria are the most significant source of bioactive compounds and many industrially important by products in use today. The present study designed to isolate the actinobacteria from earthworm cast for its antimicrobial properties. Totally 56 actinobacterial colonies were isolated from earthworm cast of Kanchipuram agricultural area. Of which, 36 morphologically different colonies were isolated and identified which mostly belong to Streptomyces. In antimicrobial activity, among 36 isolates, 12 were showed antimicrobial activity against one or more tested human pathogens eg Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. So, the study revealed earthworm cast associated actinobacteria can be recorded as an imperative resource for bio-prospecting that could produce novel bioactive metabolites.
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Layer-by-layer dip coating of Foley urinary catheters by chlorhexidine-loaded micelles
(2019-02-01)
Srisang, Siriwan
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Nasongkla, Norased
Chlorhexidine-loaded poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) micelles (CHX-micelles) were prepared by the solvent evaporation method and were used to coat urinary catheters. The layer-by-layer (LbL) dip coating technique was used to coat the micelles onto the catheters, which consisted of the alternation of coating with CHX-micelles and poly(acrylic acid). The number of LbL nanocoating cycles was varied, and the properties of the coated catheters were investigated for their drug content and the coating thickness. The optimal coated catheter had 90 bilayers, which provided the maximum CHX content at 32.3 ± 1.4 μg/cm2, and the thickness of the thin film on these coated catheters was 6.87 ± 0.36 μm. Coated catheters were studied in the in vitro CHX-release, antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, and hemolytic activity. Drug release from the coated catheters was controlled, and bacteria proliferation was inhibited for up to 6 days. Results suggest that the antimicrobial activity of the coated catheter reduces the adherence of uropathogens to the catheter's surface. The cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity of the coated catheters showed biocompatible properties. The coated catheter presented the potential to inhibit uropathogen colonization and formation. This nanocoating technology can also be applied to other medical implants that carry the risk of infection.

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