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EX-CCCII with Controlled Current Gain and Its Applications
(2026-04-01)
Tooprakai, Siraphop
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Khateb, Fabian
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Kulej, Tomasz
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Nonthaputha, Thanat
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Vavra, Jiri
This paper presents a novel extra-X second-generation current-controlled conveyor (EX-CCCII) with controllable current gain. Unlike the conventional EX-CCCII, the proposed EX-CCCII provides a controllable current gain between the (Formula presented.) - and (Formula presented.) -terminals. To demonstrate the advantages of the EX-CCCII with the controllable current gain, the proposed EX-CCCII is employed to realize a universal current-mode filter and a three-phase current-mode oscillator. The universal filter can realize five standard filtering responses (low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-stop, and all-pass) using the same topology. The current gains of these filters can be controlled through the current gain of the EX-CCCII, while the natural frequency of the universal filter can be electronically tuned via the intrinsic resistance at the x-terminal. When the proposed EX-CCCII is used to implement the three-phase oscillator, the condition of oscillation can be adjusted through the current gain of the EX-CCCII, whereas the oscillation frequency can be tuned using the parasitic resistance of the x-terminals. The proposed EX-CCCII and its applications were verified through SPICE simulations using the transistor model parameters NR100N (NPN) and PR100N (PNP) of the bipolar array ALA400-CBIC-R from AT&T to confirm the functionality and feasibility of the proposed topologies. Furthermore, experimental verification of the EX-CCCII and its integration into a three-phase oscillator further substantiates the proposed concept and demonstrates its practical viability.
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Two-Quadrant Current-Mode Logarithmic and Anti-logarithmic Amplifiers with Temperature Compensation
(2025-09-01)
Pukkalanun, Tattaya
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Roongmuanpha, Natchanai
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Tangsrirat, Worapong
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Suesut, Taweepol
This paper proposes circuit topologies for realizing two-quadrant current-mode logarithmic and anti logarithmic amplifier configurations with temperature compensation. The design approach employs the translinear approach to generate the output currents that directly correspond to the absolute values of the logarithmic and anti logarithmic functions. The proposed circuits can operate at a low-level supply voltage of 2V with both input and output current signals. A detailed examination of the non-ideal circuit performance has also been considered. To validate their functionality and illustrate their superior thermal stability, the developed circuits have been simulated. All simulations were conducted via PSPICE for a real bipolar transistor model of the HFA3096 technology.
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A 0.3 V Current Differencing Buffered Amplifier and Its Application in Current-Mode Third-Order Low-Pass Filters
(2025-05-01)
Khateb, Fabian
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Kumngern, Montree
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Kulej, Tomasz
This paper introduces an innovative low-voltage, low-power current differencing buffered amplifier (CDBA). The proposed CDBA utilizes a bulk-driven MOS transistor operating in the subthreshold region, allowing it to function effectively at low supply voltages while minimizing power consumption, making it suitable for sensor and biomedical applications. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed CDBA, it is incorporated into the design of a current-mode, third-order low-pass filter that is specifically tailored for bio-sensing applications. Both the CDBA and the low-pass filter are designed and simulated in Cadence Virtuoso using the TSMC 0.18 µm CMOS process. The CDBA operates at a supply voltage of 0.3 V, consuming 170 nW of power, while the third-order low-pass filter achieves a dynamic range of 57.2 dB with a total harmonic distortion (THD) of 1%.
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A 328 nW, 0.45 V Current Differencing Transconductance Amplifier and Its Application in a Current-Mode Universal Filter
(2025-04-01)
Khateb, Fabian
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Kumngern, Montree
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Kulej, Tomasz
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Vavra, Jiri
This paper presents a low-voltage, low-power current differencing transconductance amplifier (CDTA) utilizing the bulk-driven MOS transistor technique in the subthreshold region for reduced voltage and power consumption. The proposed CDTA includes a z-copy terminal, which enhances its functionality in current-mode circuit applications. Designed in the Cadence Virtuoso environment using 0.18 µm CMOS technology from Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), the amplifier operates with a supply voltage of 0.45 V and consumes 328 nW of power, with a bias current set to 10 nA. The current bandwidth and offset of the CDTA are 35 kHz and 0.3 nA, respectively. To demonstrate its performance, the CDTA is applied in a current-mode universal filter, which can realize low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, band-stop, and all-pass responses within a single topology. This design eliminates issues related to inverting input signals, input signal matching, or the need for multiple input signals. Additionally, the natural frequency of these filtering functions can be electronically controlled. The low-pass filter achieves a dynamic range of 61 dB, with a total harmonic distortion of 0.8%.
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Cascadable First-Order and Second-Order Inverse Filters Based on Second-Generation Voltage Conveyors
(2025-02-01)
Roongmuanpha, Natchanai
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Likhitkitwoerakul, Nutcha
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Pukkalanun, Tattaya
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Faseehuddin, Mohammad
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Tangsrirat, Worapong
This study introduces four novel configurations of first-order and second-order multifunction inverse filters in both voltage-mode (VM) and current-mode (CM) using second-generation voltage conveyors (VCIIs). The first-order VM and CM inverse filters utilize only three passive components together with one VCII for VM and two VCIIs for CM realizations, which can provide lowpass and highpass inverse filter responses. The latter, second-order VM and CM multifunction inverse filters, can be constructed using the corresponding first-order inverse filters as their core circuits. These filters offer all the basic inverse filter functions, including lowpass, bandpass, and highpass inverse responses with all gains obtained from the same design. All the inverse filter realizations are cascadable. No component matching requirements are necessary for all filter responses. The non-ideal effects of the VCII on the performance of the proposed inverse filters are thoroughly examined. To prove the feasibility of the designs, the PSPICE program performed several simulations, utilizing model parameters of 0.18 µm CMOS technology. Some testing experiments were conducted using the commercially available IC-type AD844s for evaluating the practical performance of the designed inverse filters.
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LOW-VOLTAGE TEMPERATURE-INSENSITIVE LOGARITHMIC AND EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION CURRENT GENERATORS USING ONLY NPN TRANSISTORS
(2025-01-31)
Pukkalanun, Tattaya
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Satansup, Jetsdaporn
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Maneerat, Sutassa
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Tangsrirat, Worapong
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Roongmuanpha, Natchanai
The continuing reduction of supply voltage for reliable operation of analog integrated circuits is widely recognized. Analog circuits must adhere to this trend. As a result, researchers are currently developing low-voltage analog circuit methodologies. Current-mode signal processing circuits are examples of these concepts. Therefore, the objective of this work is to present circuit realizations of low-voltage current-mode logarithmic and exponential function generators with temperature compensation. Both the input and output signals operate in current mode. The design approach utilizes the current-mode translinear technique to produce the output currents that exhibit a directly proportionality to the absolute values of the logarithmic and exponential functions. By simply adjusting the external bias currents, one can electronically tune the output currents and transfer current gains for both proposed circuits. The proposed circuits utilize only npn bipolar transistors and can operate with low-level supply voltages of ±1 V, which are appropriate for low-power, high-frequency applications. Nonideality performance considerations are also discussed in detail. In order to verify the operational function of the circuits and illustrate their superior thermal stability, the PSPICE simulation has been performed using real transistor models provided for the HFA3096 mixed bipolar array technology. The simulation findings illustrate that the proposed logarithmic and exponential amplifier circuits can compensate for temperature variations, as evidenced by the good stability of their output currents over a temperature range of –40 °C to 100 °C.
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Low-Voltage Current-Mode Analog Filter Using Current Differencing Transconductance Amplifier
(2025-01-01)
Kumngern, Montree
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Khateb, Fabian
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Kulej, Tomasz
This paper presents a new low-voltage, low-power current-mode active filter with three inputs and seven outputs. The design is implemented using three current differencing transconductance amplifiers (CDTAs) and two grounded capacitors. The proposed current-mode filter can realize both non-inverting and inverting transfer functions for low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, band-stop, and all-pass filters within a single topology. It features low input impedance, high output impedance, and eliminates issues related to inverting inputs, multiple input signals, and input matching conditions. The natural frequency of the filters can be electronically controlled. The bulk-driven MOS transistor technique is employed in the CDTA to enable operation at low supply voltages, with transistors operating in the subthreshold region to achieve low power consumption. This version of the CDTA also incorporates a z-copy terminal, which enhances its versatility for current-mode circuit applications. Simulations conducted in Cadence Virtuoso using 0.18 μm CMOS technology from TSMC validate the effectiveness of the proposed filter and CDTA. The filter operates with a supply voltage of 0.45 V, consumes 1.039 μW of power, achieves a total harmonic distortion (THD) of 1% with a 14 nA amplitude input sine wave signal, and provides a dynamic range of 65.9 dB. The Monte Carlo analysis, along with process, temperature, and voltage corner analyses, confirms the robustness of the design.
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0.5 V, Low-Power Bulk-Driven Current Differencing Transconductance Amplifier
(2024-11-01)
Kumngern, Montree
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Khateb, Fabian
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Kulej, Tomasz
This paper presents a novel low-power low-voltage current differencing transconductance amplifier (CDTA). To achieve a low-voltage low-power CDTA, the BD-MOST (bulk-driven MOS transistor) technique operating in a subthreshold region is used. The proposed CDTA is designed in 0.18 µm CMOS technology, can operate with a supply voltage of 0.5 V, and consumes 1.05 μW of power. The proposed CDTA is used to realize a current-mode universal filter. The filter can realize five standard transfer functions of low-pass, band-pass, high-pass and band-stop, and all-pass from the same circuit. Neither component-matching conditions nor input signals of the inverse type are required to realize these filter functions. The current-mode filter offers low-input and high-output impedance and uses grounded capacitors. The natural frequency and quality factor of the filters can be orthogonally controlled. The proposed CDTA and its applications are simulated using SPICE to confirm the feasibility and functionality of the new circuits.
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Single EX-CCCII-Based First-Order Versatile Active Filter
(2024-08-01)
Kumngern, Montree
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Khateb, Fabian
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Kulej, Tomasz
This paper presents a new current-mode first-order versatile active filter employing one extra-x second-generation current controlled current conveyor (EX-CCCII) and one grounded capacitor. The proposed filter can realize first-order filtering functions of a low-pass filter (LPF), high-pass filter (HPF), and all-pass filter (APF) within the same topology with low-input and high-output impedances required for current-mode circuits. This multiple-output EX-CCCII-based filter can provide six transfer functions as both non-inverting and inverting filtering functions of the LPF, HPF, and APF are obtained. The filter also offers electronic control of the pole frequency of all filtering. The proposed current-mode filter can be applied to work as a mixed-mode active filter, namely in the transadmittance-mode (TAM), transimpedance-mode (TIM), and voltage-mode (VM). Each operation mode can provide six transfer functions. The proposed filter was simulated and designed using SPICE and 0.18 µm CMOS technology. Experimental results using the commercially available integrated circuit AD844 were used to confirm the functionality of the new circuits.
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Current-Mode Active Filter Using EX-CCCII
(2024-06-01)
Kumngern, Montree
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Khateb, Fabian
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Kulej, Tomasz
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Tooprakai, Siraphop
This paper presents a novel multiple-input and multiple-output current-mode universal analog filter with electronic tuning capability. The proposed circuit uses a single second-generation current-controlled current conveyor with extra-X terminals (EX-CCCII) and two grounded capacitors. The filter can offer five standard filtering functions, namely low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-stop, all-pass responses, in the same circuit without changing the internal configuration of the filter by selecting appropriate input and output signals. To obtain the five standard filtering functions, inverted input signal and input matching conditions are absent. The natural frequency of all filter responses can be electronically controlled. The proposed circuit was simulated by SPICE using 0.18 μm CMOS process from Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC). The results of experiments using the integrated circuit operational amplifier AD844 confirm the functionality of the new filter.

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