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Author: search.filters.author.Charoonsuk, ThitiratSubject: search.filters.subject.Cold sintering

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    FABRICATION OF BA5NB4O15 CERAMICS BY FLUX-ASSISTED ULTRA-LOW SINTERING TEMPERATURE TECHNIQUE
    (2025-01-01)
    Pulphol, Phieraya
    ;
    Teandam, Apichayaporn
    ;
    Charoonsuk, Thitirat
    ;
    Vittayakorn, Wanwilai
    ;
    Maluangnont, Tosapol
    Ba<inf>5</inf>Nb<inf>4</inf>O<inf>15</inf> ceramic is a promising dielectric material for microwave frequencies. One of the factors that affects its dielectric properties is density, which can be controlled by fabrication processes such as sintering. Normally, conventional sintering requires high sintering temperature (T?> 1,200ºC) to produce grain coarsening and pore reduction which consumes high energy. However, there has been growing interest in low-temperature ceramic processing due to its potential to revolutionize the way ceramic materials are manufactured. Cold sintering is a new sintering technique that can be used to fabricate dense ceramics below 300°C. It can be applied to a variety of compounds, and the densification process is driven by the dissolution-precipitation mechanism, with the aid of a congruent solvent, pressure, and temperature. Herein, Ba<inf>5</inf>Nb<inf>4</inf>O<inf>15</inf> ceramics are prepared by cold sintering technique using hydrated barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)<inf>2</inf>-8H<inf>2</inf>O) as a flux to reduce sintering temperature and introduce densification process. The effects of processing parameters, including sintering temperature, dwelling time, pressure, and flux concentration, on the density and dielectric properties of sintered samples were investigated. Phase formation and electrical properties were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and an LCR meter. Under the sintering conditions T = 150°C, pressure = 7,000 kPa, and t = 60 min, the obtained Ba<inf>5</inf>Nb<inf>4</inf>O<inf>15</inf> ceramic exhibited a relative density of ˜80% which closes to the ceramics obtained from conventional sintering. These results suggest that sintering temperature has little influence on sample density, while applied pressure is the dominant factor in improving density. The mechanism of flux-assisted cold sintering and dielectric properties are also discussed.
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    Enhancing the densification of ceria ceramic at low temperature via the cold sintering assisted two-step sintering process
    (2018-11-01)
    Charoonsuk, Thitirat
    ;
    Sukkha, Usa
    ;
    Kolodiazhnyi, Taras
    ;
    Vittayakorn, Naratip
    The cold sintering process (CSP) in the transient aqueous environment of malonic acid is applied in this study to enhance the densification behavior of ceria ceramics at a significantly reduced sintering temperature. Dense ceria ceramics (> 98% relative density) could be achieved after CSP at 180 °C, followed by the sintering at 1100 °C/4 h. As expected, the CSP can improve the compaction of the particles before sintering, resulting in ceria ceramics with a fine microstructure of submicrometer scale of grain sizes. All samples show the single phase of cubic fluorite structure with no significant change of lattice parameter. Finally, electrical conductivity of CSP and conventionally sintered ceramics is investigated. This communication emphasizes the advantage of the CSP to reduce the sintering temperature without deterioration of the structure and properties of the final ceramics.