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Cattail (Typha angustifolia) flower-derived porous carbons as support of electroplated Ni and Cu catalysts for hydrogenation of methyl levulinate to γ-valerolactone
(2023-09-01)
Kaewtrakulchai, Napat
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Gunpum, Wachiraporn
;
Fuji, Masayoshi
;
Eiad-Ua, Apiluck
The novel synthesis of carbon-supported metal catalysts was completely developed by using electroplating technique. A carbon support was prepared from cattail (Typha angustifolia) flowers (CF) as a bio-material precursor through a hydrothermal process combined carbonization. The prepared carbons exhibited a high surface area, porosity, and excellent electrical conductivity, which is relevant characteristics to materials utilized for metal catalyst supporter. In this study, electroplating technique has been applied for the catalyst synthesis to utilize in hydrogenation of methyl levulinate to γ-valerolactone. Interesting experimental parameters in electroplating such as metal precursors (Ni and Cu), solution temperatures (40, 45, 50, 55, and 60 °C), and applied voltages (3.0, 3.5. 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0 V) were thoroughly investigated on some characteristics of catalysts. The physicochemical properties of studied catalysts were comprehensively characterized by using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and focused ion beam (FIB), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and nitrogen sorption analyzer to examine surface morphology, elemental compositions, distribution of the metal in cross-section surface, crystallinity, and textural pore characteristic, respectively. In electroplating process, the solution temperature of 50 °C with the applied voltage of 4 V become an optimal condition for the synthesis of catalyst with uniformed metallic phase and high metal dispersion on carbon support. Ni-carbon and Cu-carbon catalysts exhibited an excellent catalytic activity with the methyl levulinate conversion of 32.68% and 29.17%, respectively.
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Synthesis of nanoporous material from lignin via carbonization assisted acid activation
(2020-01-01)
Ngamthanacom, Nutchaporn
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Kaewtrakulchai, Napat
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Chaiwat, Weerawut
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Chuenchom, Laemthong
;
Fuji, Masayoshi
Waste lignin (WL) from the pulp mill and paper was studied for its potential application to prepare the nanoporous carbon with high porosity via carbonization assisted acid activation. The effect of acid activation such as HNO3, HCl, H2SO4, and H3PO4 on lignin transformation to nanoporous carbon investigated. The physicochemical properties of nanoporous carbon were comprehensively characterized through N2 sorption, Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), respectively. N2 sorption revealed that the condition using 5% vol of phosphoric acid activation at carbonization temperature of 700°C for 2 h exhibited the highly porous structure of carbon nanoparticles with a total pore volume of 0.035 cm3 /g. With the properly selecting process variables of waste lignin development could be producing high porosity nanoporous carbon.
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Influence of hydrothermal-carbonization process on biochar properties from cattail weed waste
(2019-01-01)
Smuthkochorn, Araya
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Katunyoo, Nardnutda
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Kaewtrakulchai, Napat
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Atong, Duangduen
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Soongprasit, Kanit
Biochars have been successfully synthesized from Cattail leave (CL) via hydrothermal and carbonization process. The experimental work described has focused on physical properties of biochars produced from Cattail leaves at 160, 180 and 200°C for 8, 12 and 24 h for hydrothermal and substituted to carbonization at 700°C for 2 h. The influences of hydrothermal and carbonization on the pore structure, surface functional groups and the product yield was also investigated by characterization using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, respectively. Although the morphologies of cell structures were maintained in the hydrothermal and carbonization, it was found that the yield of produced biochar was decreased with increase of the hydrothermal temperature and time. The images from SEM showed that the pore structures are quite roughness on their external surface of biochar and the functional group of their surface area has most of pure carbon content (59-65 wt%).
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Influence of acid-treatment on waste lignin for synthesis of carbon nanoparticles
(2019-01-01)
Ngamthanacom, Nutchaporn
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Kaewtrakulchai, Napat
;
Chaiwat, Weerawut
;
Chuenchom, Laemthong
;
Fuji, Masayoshi
Waste lignin (WL) obtained from paper mills, was studied for its potential application in preparing carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) with high porosity. This was done by impregnation of 0, 5, 10 and 20% concentrations of phosphoric acid under various carbonization temperatures (600, 700, 800 and 900°C). The physicochemical properties of CNPs were characterized through nitrogen sorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Nitrogen sorption revealed that the condition using 10% concentration of phosphoric acid treatment at a carbonization temperature of 700°C formed carbon nanoparticles with a highly porous structure (Surface area 27.65 m2 /g and pore volume 0.07 cm3 /g). Additionally, in order to high surface area, porosity and concentrated carbon nanoparticle.
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Characterization of carbon fibers from Thai horse manure via hydrothermal carbonization
(2018-01-01)
Wettayavong, Sorakit
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Sangnoi, Siwakron
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Kaewtrakulchai, Napat
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Eiad-Ua, Apiluck
Carbon fibers from biomass have been successfully prepared via hydrothermal-carbonization and activated in air atmosphere for catalyst supporter. In this research, we study the effect of temperature (160-200 °C) and residence time (4-24 h) to pretreat the initial carbon precursor in terms of chemical properties (i.e. carbon content, surface functional group) including the physical properties such as porosity and total surface areas. Afterwards, carbonization was obtained at the temperature of 300 °C for 2h for developing the porosity and even removing the contaminants of hydrothermal char to reach the carbon fiber. Nevertheless, carbon fiber was characterized. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Functional Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed to characterize physical morphology and functional group on the surface, respectively.
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Synthesis of molybdenum disulfide support on carbon for upgrading bio-oil from jatropha residue
(2017-01-01)
Nakapan, Kantapat
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Chollacoop, Nuwong
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Viriya-Empikul, Nawin
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Eiad-Ua, Apiluck
Bio-oil or pyrolysis oil can be obtained from fast pyrolysis biomass has several unusual characteristic such as high acid and high oxygen content which cause bio oil not proper to use as a fuel. In this research MoS<inf>2</inf> support on carbon material was prepared for the upgrading bio oil via impregnation method on carbon support from biomass. Hydrothermal process which aims to convert biomass into value products. This process usually performed in water and produces the product, namely hydrochar. In this research, bagasse were executed by hydrothermal at 160 °C, 180 °C and 200 °C for 2, 4, 8 and 24 hours each to enhance the porosity of their products. High porosity is well-known desirably for enhancing efficiency of supporting agents since it can load more catalyst quantity. After finishing hydrothermal process, the reactor which carried bagasse was quenching in order to inhibit the reaction inside. Then, the hydrochar was impregnated by MoS<inf>2</inf> precursor and carbonized at 450 °C for 2 hours under nitrogen atmosphere to stabilize the metal phase and turned hydrochar into carbon support. MoS<inf>2</inf>/carbon was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, EDX, FTIR and pyrolyzer gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy.
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Fantastic carbon material for nickel/carbon support catalyst reducing via calcination enhanced with hydrothermal carbonization
(2016-01-01)
Jomhataikool, Buntita
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Gunpum, Wachiraporn
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Kraithong, Wasawat
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Viriya-Empikul, Nawin
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Eiad-Ua, Apiluck
In generally, the metal catalyst which synthesis by conventional techniques is usually in metal oxide form or easily oxidize in the air thus the metal catalyst must reduce to metallic form before using. It was complex process and dangerous. In the research, Carbon material from cattail flower (CF) were used as supporter of Nickel/Carbon supported metal catalyst (Ni/C). This research were studied effect of used carbon material from CF as supporter of Ni/C and varying nickel loading. The Ni/C catalyst were prepared by hydrothermal, impregnation and calcination process. Firstly, Dried CF has been pretreat via hydrothermal process with optimized condition at 180°C for 8h. Then, the nickel solution was added to support via impregnation method by varying Ni loading from 20 to 60 wt% of supported. Finally, the sample has been pelleted into 0.5mm-Ni/C pellet and calcined at 900°C for 2h under nitrogen atmosphere. Ni/C were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), surface area and pore size distribution was determined by N2 adsorption. The result indicate that nickel particle on Ni/C were in the free metal from without reduction and well dispersed on supported surface. Particle size and surface area of Ni/C were decreases at the increase metal loading. Nickel/Carbon supported metal catalyst were ready to use and could be controlled particle size, surface area and crystallinity by metal loading.

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