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Surface Enhancement and Structure Formation of Metakaolin from Thailand Kaolin on the Various Calcination Temperature
(2020-01-01)
Tanwongwan, Worapak
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Wongkitikun, Thanapat
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Onpecht, Kobchai
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Srilai, Suphada
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Assabumrungrat, Suttichai
The metakaolin was chosen as a starting material for the synthesis of the zeolite because it is high crystallinity, reactivity and purity of raw material. Kaolin from Thailand which was selected from 3 different sources including Ratchaburi, Lampang, and Uttaradit were using as starting materials for synthesis of metakaolin by calcination temperature of this study were chosen in the range of 500 to 1000 °C for 2 h. Calcination temperature is significantly affect crystalline size, function group, and configuration of metakaolin by the results which obtained from X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy techniques were indicated that the best metakaolin was obtained from Uttaradit's kaolin which was calcined at 1000 oC for 2h by it shows the lowest impurities.
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Influence of crystallization time for synthesis of zeolite a and zeolite x from natural kaolin
(2019-01-01)
Srilai, Suphada
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Tanwongwan, Worapak
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Onpecth, Kobchai
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Wongkitikun, Thanapat
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Panomsuwan, Gasidit
Zeolite A and zeolite X were successfully synthesized from natural kaolin from Lampang province using calcination and a two-step hydrothermal method. First, metakaolin was obtained by calcining the kaolin at 700 °C for 2 h. Hydrothermal experiments can be separated into two types, being high temperature and short time or lower temperature long time. For high temperature hydrothermal treatment, metakaolin was mixed with NaOH to form hydrous sodium aluminosilicate. This was dissolved in dilute HCl. After filtration, the pH was adjusted with deionized water to pH = 7. This formed an amorphous aluminosilicate gel. For low temperature and longtime hydrothermal treatment aluminosilicate gel was mixed with NaOH to form zeolite A and zeolite X. The optimum condition for the first step in the synthesis of zeolite A is high temperature and short time of hydrothermal treatment with NaOH 8 M at 200 °C for 3 hours. This is followed by low temperature and longtime of hydrothermal treatment with NaOH 1 M carried out at 90 °C for 72 hours. The optimum conditions for the first step of synthesis of zeolite X is the high temperature, short time hydrothermal treatment with NaOH 8 M at 200 °C for 3 hours and low temperature, longtime hydrothermal treatment with NaOH 1 M at 90 °C for 120 hours. The characterizations of zeolite A and zeolite X were carried out by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR).
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Synthesis of Zeolite Y from Kaolin via hydrothermal method
(2019-01-01)
Krongkrachang, Pimpetch
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Thungngern, Pimpreeya
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Asawaworarit, Panuruj
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Houngkamhang, Nongluck
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Eiad-Ua, Apiluck
ZeoliteY has been successfully synthesized via a two-step hydrothermal method with kaolin from Lampang province as a precursor. For the first hydrothermal, kaolin with an addition of sodium silicate (NaSi<inf>3</inf>O<inf>7</inf>) or tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was mixed with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and autoclaved for 200oC at different reaction times for 6, 8 and 10 h, respectively. Sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid were added into the compound mixture to adjust its pH before it was formed into gel. After a second time hydrothermal at 90°C for 2 days, the solid product was filtered out, washed by deionized water and dried overnight. The zeolite was then characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) to identify type and crystallization, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphology, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify its functional group and N<inf>2</inf> adsorption to study the adsorption/desorption isotherm and pore distribution. From N<inf>2</inf> adsorption-desorption isotherm, it is revealed that the zeolite obtained by this method have 571 m2/g surface area and pore size distribution around 4.89 nm.
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Zeolite P from kaolin via hydrothermal method
(2018-09-05)
Eiad-Ua, Apiluck
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Amnaphiang, Phanwasa
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Asawaworarit, Panuruj
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Houngkamhang, Nongluck
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Chollacoop, Nuwong
Zeolite P has been successfully synthesized from natural kaolin via two step hydrothermal process. The natural kaolin from Lampang, Thailand was studied for this research. In first hydrothermal, kaolin was mixed with sodium hydroxide solution at 200 oC for different reaction times from 3 - 5 hours, respectively.Sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid were added into the mixture to adjust their pH before they were formed into gel. Second hydrothermal process, the gel was kept of 90 oC for 3 days to obtain zeolite P. Synthesized zeolite P was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) for identification the type and crystallization. Besides, the morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy)SEM.(The functional group was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). From this study, it was found that the increasing of reaction time in first hydrothermal activation and hydrochloric acid concentration lead to the high quality of zeolite P.
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Influence of hydrothermal and calcination process on metakaolin from natural clay
(2018-09-05)
Srilai, Suphada
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Kaewtrakulchai, Napat
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Panomsuwan, Gasidit
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Fuji, Masayoshi
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Eiad-Ua, Apiluck
In this study, metakaolin was synthesized from natural clay from Lampang province via hydrothermal and calcination process. The hydrothermal process was studied at different temperature from 160°C, 180°C and 200°C for 4, 8 and 12 hours. The calcination process was studied at different temperature from 500 to 900°C for 2 hours. Regarding the characterization, physical morphology of resulting products was observed by scanning electron microscope showing that the surface of resulting product was enhanced its surface area with more roughness when the temperature was increased. Moreover, FT-IR spectroscopy was applied for the chemical structure analysis indicating that Lampang clay can be transformed into metakaolin using hydrothermal at 200°C for 8 hours followed by the calcination at 800°C and 900°C as well as through the most condition for this studied. The improvement of the surface area of metakaolin leads to high metal dispersion for catalytic activity of the catalyst.
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Influence of temperature and alkaline activation for synthesis zeolite a from natural kaolin
(2017-01-01)
Thungngern, Pimpreeya
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Amnaphiang, Phanwatsa
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Asawaworarit, Panuruj
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Goodwin, Vituruch
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Chollacoop, Nuwong
Zeolite A from natural kaolin have been successfully synthesized via calcination and hydrothermal. However, these techniques have one drawback since, the impurities in kaolin such as muscovite and quartz in the kaolin structure, which depend on temperature and alkaline activation. This work was separated into two steps, first step was used calcination technique, and second step was used hydrothermal technique. Reaction of temperature in the first step was studied the influence of temperature from 500°C to 800°C for 3 hours. In this step, kaolin transformed to metakaolin and remain the impurities. Next, reaction of alkaline activation in second step was studied about the influence of NaOH. The concentration of NaOH in hydrothermal was varied from 1M to 4M and mixed with metakaolin at 90°C for 72 hours. X-ray Diffraction Spectroscopy (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used for characterization. The solid products were formed to zeolite A at 1M NaOH hydrothermal with 500oC to 800oC calcination and it can be seemed good of euhedral structure at 700oC.
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Effect of alkaline activation on low grade natural kaolin for synthesis of zeolite A
(2016-01-01)
Asawaworarit, Panuruj
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Chollacoop, Nuwong
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Viriya-Empikul, Nawin
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Eiad-Ua, Apiluck
The conventional technique to synthesizes zeolite A from kaolin is calcination. However, this technique has one drawback since, the impurities in kaolin, such as muscovite and quartz, remain. Therefore, the hydrothermal process without calcination is used to synthesize high purity zeolite A. Hydrothermal synthesis without calcination can be separated into two steps, namely first and second hydrothermal steps. Alkaline activation reaction in the first hydrothermal step was used to study the effect of NaOH concentration ranging from 4M, 6M, 8M, 10M to 12M at 200°C for 3 hours. In this step, sodium aluminosilicate (cancrinite and nepheline hydrate) was produced and then dissolved in HCl. After filtration, the impurity was removed, and adjusted for neutral pH of 7 to form amorphous aluminosilicate gel. For the second hydrothermal step, amorphous gel was mixed with NaOH (1-4M) to form zeolite A at 90°C for 3 days. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were used for characterization.

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