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Positive effects of durian fruit at different stages of ripening on the hearts and livers of rats fed diets high in cholesterol
(2011-09-01)
Leontowicz, Hanna
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Leontowicz, Maria
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Jesion, Iwona
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Bielecki, Wojciech
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Poovarodom, Sumitra
Aim of the study: Diets containing high cholesterol levels led to atherosclerosis damage in the livers and hearts of rats. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible positive effects of durian fruit against high-cholesterol diets. Materials and methods: Durians at various stages of ripening (young, mature, ripe and overripe) were chosen for in vitro and in vivo studies. In the in vivo study 36 male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups and supplemented with cholesterol and durians. The bioactivity in vitro, plasma lipids, antioxidant activity, liver enzymes and histopathology of the aorta and liver were analyzed. Results: Polyphenols and flavonoids were significantly higher in the overripe durian, while quercetin, ascorbic acid and anthocyanins were more abundant in the ripe fruit and tannins - in mature samples (P<0.05). The highest antioxidant potential was in overripe fruit and only the value of FRAP - in ripe durian samples (P<0.05). The interaction between polyphenol extracts of ripe durian and BSA had a strong ability comparable to that of quercetin - to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA by forming complexes. The main histopathological changes were detected in the liver and aorta of rats fed a high-cholesterol diet without fruit supplementation. These changes were minor in rats of Chol/DRipe (P<0.05). Conclusion: Durian at different stages of ripening, especially ripe durian, constitute an excellent source of effective natural compounds with antioxidant and health-protective activity in general and liver and heart-protective effect in cholesterol fed rats in particular. © 2011 Elsevier GmbH.
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The multiple nutrition properties of some exotic fruits: Biological activity and active metabolites
(2011-08-01)
Dembitsky, Valery M.
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Poovarodom, Sumitra
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Leontowicz, Hanna
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Leontowicz, Maria
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Vearasilp, Suchada
The main objective of this review was to describe the physicochemical and nutritional characteristics of twenty selected exotic fruits and the influence of their physiologically active compounds on human health, through scientifically proven information. The review presents the biologically active metabolites derived from exotic fruits (polyphenols, flavonoids, flavanols, tannins, ascorbic acid, anthocyanins, volatile compounds, minerals, and organic acids) and various analytical methods for their detection (elemental analysis, electrophoretic separation by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and fast protein liquid and ion-exchange chromatography; GC-MS, HPLC/diode array detection (DAD), circular dichroism (CD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), ultraviolet spectroscopy, two- and three-dimensional fluorimetry (2D-FL) and (3D-FL), and antioxidant radical scavenging assays (DPPH, FRAP, CUPRAC, ABTS, and ORAC). The correlation between the polyphenols and other bioactive compounds, and their antioxidant activities was reported for different fruit extracts. During the last two decades our international scientific group investigated in vitro the physicochemical and nutritional characteristics of avocado, dragon fruit, durian, kiwifruit, mango, mangosteen, persimmon and snake fruit, and in vivo their influence on laboratory animals and humans. Supplementation of diets with exotic fruits positively affects plasma lipid profile, antioxidant activity and histological examination of aorta in rats fed cholesterol-containing diets. The interaction between drugs and serum albumin plays an important role in the distribution and metabolism of drugs. The properties of polyphenol methanol extracts of exotic fruits showed the ability to quench serum albumin by forming the complexes similar with the ones between proteins and pure flavonoids. Our experimental data and a wide range of other investigations are included in this review. In conclusion, it is nessasary to promote a consumption of exotic fruits (a rich source of natural antioxidants) as a supplement to everyday human diet. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
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Antioxidant properties and bioactive constituents of some rare exotic Thai fruits and comparison with conventional fruits. In vitro and in vivo studies
(2011-08-01)
Gorinstein, Shela
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Poovarodom, Sumitra
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Leontowicz, Hanna
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Leontowicz, Maria
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Namiesnik, Jacek
The aim of this research was to investigate the bioactivity of durian, snake fruit and mangosteen, rare exotic Thai fruits. These fruits were compared among them and with conventional fruits: durian with mango and avocado, and snake fruit with mangosteen and kiwifruit in order to find the preferable diet for human consumption. The contents of polyphenols, flavonoids, flavanols, tannins, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid and carotenoids, and the level of antioxidant potential by ABTS, DPPH, FRAP and CUPRAC in different extracts (methanol, water, acetone, and hexane) were determined. The presence of polyphenols (flavonoids and phenolic acids) in the investigated samples was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and three-dimensional fluorimetry (3D-FL).The in vivo studies were carried out on 25 male Wistar rats, divided into 5 diet groups, each of 5. During 30. days of the experiment the rats of all 5 groups were fed basal diet (BD), which included wheat starch, casein, soybean oil, vitamin and mineral mixtures. The rats of the Control group were fed only the BD. The BD of the other 4 groups was supplemented with 1% of nonoxidized cholesterol (NOC) (Chol group), 1% of NOC in each group and 5% of lyophilized fruits: durian (Chol/Durian), snake fruit (Chol/Snake), mangosteen (Chol/Mangosteen). After the experiment diets supplemented with exotic fruits significantly hindered the rise in plasma lipids and hindered the decrease in the plasma antioxidant activity. In conclusion, the contents of bioactive compounds and the antioxidant potential are relatively high in the studied fruits and varied among them depending on the extraction procedure. FT-IR and 3D-FL can be used as additional tools for identification and comparison of bioactive compounds. Supplementation of diets with exotic fruits positively affects plasma lipid profile and antioxidant activity in rats fed cholesterol-containing diets. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
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Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) cultivars as nutritional supplementation to rat's diets
(2008-02-01)
Leontowicz, Hanna
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Leontowicz, Maria
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Haruenkit, Ratiporn
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Poovarodom, Sumitra
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Jastrzebski, Zenon
The properties of Mon Thong, Chani and Kan Yao durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) cultivars were compared in vitro and in vivo studies in order to find the best one as a supplement to antiatherosclerotic diet. Total polyphenols (361.4 ± 35.3 mgGAE/100 g FW), flavonoids (93.9 ± 8.9 mgCE/100 g FW) and total antioxidant capacity determined by DPPH and β-carotene-linoleic acid assays (261.3 ± 25.3 μMTE/100 g FW and 77.8 ± 7.8% of inhibition) were maximal in Mon Thong in comparison with Chani and Kan Yao and showed a good correlation between these three variables (R2 = 0.9859). Five groups of rats were fed diets supplemented with cholesterol and different durian cultivars. Diets supplemented with Mon Thong and to a lesser degree with Chani and Kan Yao significantly hindered the rise in the plasma lipids (TC - 8.7%, 16.1% and 10.3% and (b) LDL-C - 20.1%, 31.3% and 23.5% for the Chol/Kan Yao, Chol/Mon Thong and Chol/Chani, respectively) and the decrease in plasma antioxidant activity (P < 0.05). Nitrogen retention remained significantly higher in Chol/Mon Thong than in other diet groups. Diet supplemented with Mon Thong affected the composition of plasma fibrinogen in rats and showed more intensity in protein bands around 47 kDa. No lesions were found in the examined tissue of heart and brains. Mon Thong cultivar is preferable for the supplementation of the diet as positively influenced the lipid, antioxidant, protein and metabolic status. The durian fruit till now was not investigated extensively, therefore based on the results of this study durian cultivars can be used as a relatively new source of antioxidants. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Comparative study of health properties and nutritional value of durian, mangosteen, and snake fruit: Experiments in vitro and in vivo
(2007-07-11)
Haruenkit, Ratiporn
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Poovarodom, Sumitra
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Leontowicz, Hanna
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Leontowicz, Maria
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Sajewicz, Mietek
In vitro and in vivo studies of the health and nutritional properties of durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) were compared with snake fruit (Salacca edulis Reinw.) and mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana). Dietary fibers, minerals, and trace metals were comparable. Total polyphenols (mg of GAE/100 g of FW) and flavonoids (85.1 ± 6.1) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in snake fruit (217.1 ± 13.2 (mg of CE/100 g of FW)), durian (309.7 ± 19.3 and 61.2 ± 4.9), and mangosteen (190.3 ± 12.1 and 54.1 ± 3.8). Antioxidant activity (μM TE/100 g of FW) of durian measured by DPPH and ABTS assays (228.2 ± 13.4 and 2016.3 ± 81.1) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in snake fruit (110.4 ± 7.9 and 1507.5 ± 70.1) and mangosteen (79.1 ± 5.9 and 1268.6 ± 62.3). HPLC/DAD analysis of durian (μg/100 g of FW) showed that quercetin (1214.23 ± 116.7) was present at levels three times that of caffeic acid, and twice as high as p-coumaric and cinnamic acids. The correlation coefficients between the bioactive compounds of fruits and their antioxidant activities were high (R2 = 0.99). Male Wistar rats (25) were divided into five dietary groups: the control group was fed the basal diet (BD); in addition to BD, the cholesterol (Chol) group was supplemented with 1% of Chol; the diets of the Chol/Durian, Chol/Snake, and Chol/Mangosteen groups were supplemanted with 5% of these fruits, respectively. It was found that diets supplemented with durian, and to a lesser degree with snake fruit and mangosteen, significantly hindered the rise in plasma lipids and the decrease in antioxidant activity. The nutritional values were comparably high. In conclusion, it could be suggested that inclusion of studied tropical fruits, especially durian, in known disease-preventing diets could be beneficial. © 2007 American Chemical Society.
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Two exotic fruits positively affect rat's plasma composition
(2007-01-01)
Leontowicz, Maria
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Leontowicz, Hanna
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Drzewiecki, Jerzy
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Jastrzebski, Zenon
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Haruenkit, Ratiporn
The aim of this investigation was to determine the bioactive compounds and the antioxidant potentials of Snake fruit and Mangosteen and their influence on plasma lipid levels and antioxidant activity in rats fed cholesterol-containing diets. It was found that total polyphenols and antioxidant potentials of Snake fruit were significantly higher than those of Mangosteen (P < 0.05). A cholesterol-containing diet supplemented with the studied exotic fruits showed a positive affect on rat's plasma lipid levels and on the antioxidant activity during 30 days of feeding. In rat's plasma of the Chol/Snake diet group, the fibrinogen fraction showed a decrease in the amounts and compositions of electrophoretic protein bands in the range of 110 and 14 kDa. However, all the positive results of this experiment on animals could not be automatically applied to humans. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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The nutritional and metabolic indices in rats fed cholesterol-containing diets supplemented with durian at different stages of ripening
(2007-01-01)
Leontowicz, Maria
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Leontowicz, Hanna
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Jastrzebski, Zenon
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Jesion, Iwona
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Haruenkit, Ratiporn
The aim of this investigation was to assess the nutritional and health properties of Mon Thong durian cultivar at different stages of ripening. The assessment was carried out in vitro and in vivo. The contents of dietary fibers, minerals and trace metals at different stages of ripening were comparable. Total polyphenols (mgGAE/100 g FW) and flavonoids (mg CE/100 gFW) in ripe durian (358.8 ± 31.4 and 95.4 ± 9.3) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in mature (216.1 ± 1 and 39.9 ± 3.8) and overripe (283.3 ± 26.2 and 53.5 ± 4.9). Antioxidant capacity (μMTE/100 g FW) in total polyphenol extracts of ripe durian measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and [2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] (ABTS) assays (259.4 ± 23.6 and 2341.8 ± 93.2) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of mature (151.6 ± 15.2 and 1394.6 ± 41.5) and overripe (201.7 ± 19.4 and 1812.2 ± 61.4) samples. The correlation coefficients between the bioactive compounds in different stages of ripening and their antioxidant capacities were high (R2 = 0.99). Then 35 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 dietary groups each of 7 and named Control, Chol, Chol/Mature, Chol/Ripe and Chol/Overripe. During 30 days of the experiment the rats of all 5 groups were fed basal diet (BD), which included wheat starch, casein, soybean oil, vitamin and mineral mixtures. The rats of the Control group were fed a BD only. To the BD of the Chol group was added 1% of cholesterol. The BD of the Chol/Mature, Chol/Ripe and Chol/Overripe groups was supplemented with 1% of cholesterol and 5% of the mature, ripe and overripe durian as freeze-dried powder, respectively. Diets containing ripe and to a lesser degree mature and overripe durian significantly hindered the rise in plasma lipids and also hindered a decrease in plasma antioxidant activity. The nitrogen retention in rats of the Chol/Ripe group was significantly higher (63.6%, P < 0.05) than in other diet groups and the level of the plasma glucose remained normal. A decrease in fibrinogen fraction with ripe durian included in rat's diets was shown by electrophoretic separation. These changes were detected mostly in the low molecular weight proteins of rat's serum. Histological examination of aorta showed only slight differences in the tissue. In conclusion, ripe durian contains higher quantity of bioactive compounds, has higher antioxidant capacity and nutritional value. It positively affects the plasma lipid profile, the plasma glucose and the antioxidant activity in rats fed cholesterol enriched diets. Therefore, the ripe durian supplemented diet could be beneficial for patient suffering from hypercholesterolemia and diabetes mellitus. © 2007 - IUBMB/IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.
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Bioactive properties of Snake fruit (Salacca edulis Reinw) and Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) and their influence on plasma lipid profile and antioxidant activity in rats fed cholesterol
(2006-09-01)
Leontowicz, Hanna
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Leontowicz, Maria
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Drzewiecki, Jerzy
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Haruenkit, Ratiporn
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Poovarodom, Sumitra
Two exotic fruits (Snake fruit and Mangosteen) were characterized by polyphenols, proteins and antioxidant potentials and by their influence on plasma lipids and antioxidant activity in rats fed cholesterol. The content of polyphenols (14.9±1.5 and 9.2±0.8 mg GAE g-1) and antioxidant potential (46.7±4.7 and 72.9±7.4 μmol TE g -1) in Snake fruit was significantly higher than in Mangosteen (P<0.05). Twenty male Wistar rats were divided into four dietary groups: Control, Chol, Chol/Snake and Chol/Mangosteen. After 4 weeks of the experiment diets supplemented with Snake fruit and to a lesser degree with Mangosteen significantly hindered the rise in plasma lipids and hindered a decrease of antioxidant activity. Changes were found in fibrinogen fraction, such as solubility and mobility by the number of protein bands detected in SDS-electrophoresis: Chol/Snake differed from Chol/Mangosteen. In conclusion, Snake fruit and Mangosteen contain high quantity of bioactive compounds, therefore positively affect plasma lipid profile and antioxidant activity in rats fed cholesterol-containing diets. Such positive influence is higher in rats fed diet with added Snake fruit.
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Fresh Israeli Jaffa blond (Shamouti) orange and Israeli Jaffa red star ruby (Sunrise) grapefruit juices affect plasma lipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity in rats fed added cholesterol
(2004-07-28)
Gorinstein, Shela
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Leontowicz, Hanna
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Leontowicz, Maria
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Krzeminski, Ryszard
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Gralak, Mikolaj
The bioactivity of Israeli Jaffa blond (Shamouti) fresh orange and Israeli Jaffa red Star Ruby (Sunrise) grapefruit juices was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The contents of bioactive compounds of these juices were determined. The influence of bioactive compounds on plasma lipids and plasma antioxidant activity in rats fed cholesterol-containing and cholesterol-free diets was assessed. Significant differences in the contents of dietary fibers were not found. The contents of total polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins in fresh orange and grapefruit juices were 962.1 ± 27.2 and 906.9 ± 27.1; 50.1 ± 3.3 and 44.8 ± 3.2; and 69.9 ± 5.6 and 68.7 ± 5.5 μg/mL, respectively. The antioxidant potential measured by the scavenging activity against nitric oxide, the β-carotene-linoleate model system (β-carotene), and the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diamonium salt assays was higher in orange juice but not significantly. A high level of correlation between contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids and antioxidant potential values of both juices was found. Diets supplemented with orange and to a lesser degree with grapefruit juices improved plasma lipid metabolism only in rats fed added cholesterol. However, an increase in the plasma antioxidant activity was observed in both groups. In conclusion, fresh orange and grapefruit juices contain high quantities of bioactive compounds, which guarantee their high antioxidant potential, and the positive influence on plasma lipid metabolism and plasma antioxidant activity could make fresh orange and grapefruit juices a valuable supplement for disease-preventing diets.
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Apple and pear peel and pulp and their influence on plasma lipids and antioxidant potentials in rats fed cholesterol-containing diets
(2003-09-10)
Leontowicz, Maria
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Gorinstein, Shela
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Leontowicz, Hanna
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Krzeminski, Ryszard
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Lojek, Antonin
The aim of this study was to assess the bioactive compounds of apple and pear peel and pulp in vitro and their influence on plasma lipids and antioxidant potentials in vivo. The antioxidant potentials measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), β-carotene bleaching (β-carotene), and nitric oxide inhibition radical scavenging (NO) tests in apple peel and pulp were significantly higher than in pear peel and pulp, respectively. The ethanol extract of apple peels showed the strongest inhibition of lipid peroxidation as a function of its concentration and was comparable to the antioxidant activity of butylated hydroxyanisole. The pear pulp extract had the weakest antioxidant ability, whereas other extracts such as apple pulp and pear peel were nearly equal. The antioxidant activities comprised contributions from polyphenols, phenolic acids, and flavonoids and correlated well with polyphenols and flavonoids. The correlation coefficients between polyphenols and antioxidant activities by DPPH, β-carotene, and NO were as follows: 0.9207, 0.9350, and 0.9453. Contrarily, the correlation coefficient between the content of dietary fiber and the antioxidant activities test was low. The content of all studied indices in apple and pear peel was significantly higher than in peeled fruits (p < 0.05). Diets supplemented with fruit peels exercised a significantly higher positive influence on plasma lipid levels and on plasma antioxidant capacity of rats than diets with fruit pulps.

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