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CHARACTERIZATION OF FOUR BALL METALLIC WEAR MECHANISMS USING SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
(2022-09-14)
Phyo, Mi Zwe Mon
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Karin, P.
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Khamsrisuk, P.
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Srilomsak, M.
;
Charoenphonphanich, C.
Nowadays, lubricants play an important role in several automotive industries around the world because they reduce friction and wear on engines moving parts such as piston ring, cylinder liner and valve control systems of compression ignition engines. The aim of this research was to investigate the impact of bio-oil (palm oil) on metallic wear. The tribological test was conducted using a four-ball tribometer as indicated by engineering testing standard ASTM (D4172) under the conditions of 392 N applied load, 75°C and the period of 60 minutes. These four ball surfaces were observed by using 3D Optical Microscope (OM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis. According to the four-ball wear test, the comparison of average wear scars diameter between two different types of bio-oil and SAE 0W30 engine oil were investigated. Furthermore, wear scar depth from 3D microscope and SEM images of different magnification were compared in the viewpoint of wear mechanism analysis.
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TWO-DIMENSIONAL AXISYMMETRIC NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE PREMIXED COMBUSTION INSIDE THE POROUS MEDIA BURNER
(2021-01-04)
Vithean, K.
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Charoensuk, J.
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Hanamura, K.
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Sesuk, T.
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Lilavivant, V.
Porous media combustion is one of the most efficient and has a wide-ranging application. Despite this, more investigation needs to be done in order to improve its efficiency and pollutant emission. In this research, the commercial simulation software is used to model and couple together the significant phenomena such as combustion, heat transfer, and fluid flow in porous media, which occur in this type of system. The free and porous media flow module was used to estimate fluid flow inside both fluid and porous media. Species formation and heat release during combustion were modeled by the transport of concentrated species module. Local thermal equilibrium was assumed for the energy equation and calculated by heat transfer in porous media module. Each physic was coupled together by two mechanisms—first, reaction flow, which coupled together between free and porous media flow and transport of concentrated species. Finally, nonisothermal flow coupled free and porous media flow with heat transfer in porous media. The combustion chamber, which is entirely filled with aluminum oxide pellets, is created for two dimensional axisymmetric. Physics-controlled mesh with finer element size is applied to generate mesh by the software to meet the specified need for each physic. Combustion behavior, velocity and temperature profile, and species formation are achieved from this simulation study.
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CHARACTERIZATION OF PARTICULATE MATTERS EMITTED FROM BIOMASS COMBUSTION USING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY
(2020-01-01)
Mon Oo, H.
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Karin, P.
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Masomtob, M.
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Saisirirat, P.
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Chollacoop, N.
Particulate Matters (PMs) emitted from biomass combustion including open burning of biomass agricultural residues, and forest fires must be reduced to protect both human health and the environment. The physical characteristics of morphology, elemental composition and nanostructure of particulate matters generated from biomass combustion were successfully investigated by using electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to analyze the oxidation kinetics of particulate matters. Before biomass burning, it was found that about 65% of carbon fraction in biomass raw material while 95% of carbon fraction in soot and 84% in ash particles after burning. The average diameter size of single primary particles is approximately 36 nm. Nanostructure of the single primary particle of biomass soot is mainly composed of curve line carbon crystallites while metallic ash nanoparticle is composed of straight-line hatch patterns. The inter-planar spacing of fringes of biomass soot and ash crystallites is 0.36 nm and 0.28 nm, respectively. This article aims to study the different nanostructure of biomass forest leaves residual ash and soot such as agglomerated particles, primary particle's measurement using TEM image analysis.
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Influence of Metal Oxide Ashes on Soot Oxidation Kinetics and Nanostructure using Electron Microscopy and Thermogravimetric Analysis
(2019-04-09)
Koko, P.
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Karin, P.
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Saenkhumvong, E.
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Charoenphonphanich, C.
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Phairote, W.
According to increasingly stringent regulations on particulate emission from automotive vehicles, diesel engine must be equipped with Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) to trap the Particulate Matter (PM) which are very harmful to human health. Diesel particulate matters are composed primarily of unburned hydrocarbon (soot) and metal oxide ashes as solid fraction. DPF can trap PM with higher filtration efficiency and the process which can burn the soot into carbon dioxide is called regeneration process. Although regeneration process can burn the soot effectively, incombustible ashes will be remained inside the DPF channel causing engine back pressure. These metal oxide ashes are mainly derived from lubricant additives, engine wear and trace metals from diesel fuel. In this article, different nanostructures of diesel soot and metal oxide ash derived by diesel blending lube oil condition were briefly compared using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) image analysis. Electron Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis was introduced to investigate the chemical composition of particulate matters. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) was also conducted to compare the oxidation kinetics of pure diesel soot and the influence of metal oxide ash on soot oxidation kinetics. Contamination of metal oxide ashes promoted soot oxidation rate due to the presence of metallic additives from lube oil acting as a catalyst on soot oxidation kinetics.
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Battery sizing for electric vehicles based on real driving pattern in Thailand
(2018-01-01)
Duangsrikaew, B.
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Mongkoltanatas, J.
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Karin, P.
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Hanamura, K.
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Benyajati, C.
The purpose of this study was to carry out a battery sizing based on the fulfilment of power requirement from the representative real driving pattern in Thailand. The real driving cycle data i.e. velocity and vehicle global position were collected through a GPS-based equipment, VBOX. The driving data transportation services provided in a campus of university based in the rural area of Bangkok were collected from three different types of i.e. closed-area, inter-city and local feed. Three campus driving data types were gathered to achieve a suitable dimensioning of battery systems for electrified university public buses.
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Morphology and oxidation kinetics of CI engine’s biodiesel particulate matters on cordierite Diesel Particulate Filters using TGA
(2017-02-01)
Karin, P.
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Boonsakda, J.
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Siricholathum, K.
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Saenkhumvong, E.
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Charoenphonphanich, C.
The impact of small compression ignition (CI) engine operation conditions and fuel properties on diesel and biodiesel particulate matters (PMs) quantity using opacity smoke meter is investigated. The biodiesel engine’s PMs are around a half of diesel engine PMs under the same engine operation conditions. Morphology of both engine’s PMs are also studied using a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and image processing method. The average primary nanoparticle sizes of diesel and biodiesel engine’s PMs are approximately 34 nm and 32 nm, respectively. The result shows that engine operation condition and fuel property are strongly impact on the quantity and size distribution of primary nanoparticles emission. PM oxidation kinetics on conventional cordierite Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs) powders by Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) is also successfully studied. The calculated apparent activation energies of biodiesel engine’s PM oxidation on conventional cordierite DPFs powders are lower than that of diesel engine’s PM and carbon black because of unburned oxygenated molecule. The calculated apparent activation energy of biodiesel engine’s PM and diesel engine’s PM oxidize on conventional cordierite DPFs powders with pure air are in the range of 109 ~ 131 kJ/mole and 117 ~ 130 kJ/mole, respectively. It might be expected that smaller primary nanoparticle size of biodiesel engine’s PMs and bio-oxygenate unburned hydrocarbon can promote more PM oxidation rate during vehicle’s DPF regeneration process.
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Oxidation kinetics of small CI engine’s biodiesel particulate matter
(2015-04-01)
Karin, P.
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Borhanipour, M.
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Songsaengchan, Y.
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Laosuwan, S.
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Charoenphonphanich, C.
Particulate matters (PMs) oxidation kinetics by Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) was successfully studied. The chemical content percentage of PM can be divided by oxidation temperature zoning in three main regions which are moisture, unburned hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon. It is clearly observed that the amount of each region is strongly depending on engine operating condition, the amount of unburned HC in low load condition of the engine load are larger than that of high load condition. The calculated apparent activation energies of biodiesel PM oxidation are lower than that of diesel PM and carbon black because of unburned oxygenated molecule. The calculated apparent activation energy of biodiesel and diesel PMs oxidize with air is in the range of 147–157 kJ/mole and 153–165 kJ/mole, respectively. The results of this research would be used as basic information for design and develop removing process of particulate matter emitted from engine combustion which using in diesel and biodiesel fuels.

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