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Author: search.filters.author.Karnjanapratum, SupatraSubject: search.filters.subject.Asian bullfrog

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    Effect of Different Ultrasound-Assisted Process Modes on Extraction Yield and Molecular Characteristics of Pepsin-Soluble Collagen from Asian Bullfrog Skin
    (2023-12-01)
    Indriani, Sylvia
    ;
    Benjakul, Soottawat
    ;
    Quan, Tran Hong
    ;
    Sitanggang, Azis Boing
    ;
    Chaijan, Manat
    Different modes of ultrasound-assisted process (UAP) enhance pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) extraction and affect characteristics of PSC. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and characteristics of PSC extracted from Asian bullfrog skin using different modes of UAP (pretreatment (UP) and simultaneous treatment (US)) and ultrasonication times (15, 30, and 45 min). Both UP and US increased solid yield and recovery compared with control (without UAP). The α-amino group content and surface hydrophobicity of PSC varied according to the mode used. The protein pattern revealed the type I collagen for all PSC samples. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and circular dichroism spectra indicated that UAP has a significant effect on the molecular structure, with a negligible impact on the integrity of the triple helix structure. Nevertheless, the UAP conditions applied in this study affected the structural stringency by lowering the thermal stability. UP at 30 min and US at 45 min, which displayed high extraction recovery and satisfactory triple helix structure, were selected for further analyses. The difference in isoelectric point and amino acid composition was also observed between each sample. Conclusively, both UP and US applied for appropriate time periods successfully enhanced the PSC extraction efficiency with various molecular characteristics of collagen. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
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    Impact of extraction condition on the yield and molecular characteristics of collagen from Asian bullfrog (Rana tigerina) skin
    (2022-06-01)
    Indriani, Sylvia
    ;
    Benjakul, Soottawat
    ;
    Kishimura, Hideki
    ;
    Karnjanapratum, Supatra
    ;
    Nalinanon, Sitthipong
    The present study is the first report on collagen extraction as acid-soluble collagen (ASC) and pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC), which could maximize the exploitation of Asian bullfrog (Rana tigerina) skin as an alternative collagen material in food and pharmaceutical fields. Extraction methods for ASC and PSC from Asian bullfrog skin were developed using different concentrations of acetic acid (0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 M) and pepsin (1.00, 2.00, and 3.00% [w/w]). PSCs exhibited a higher extraction yield (22.59%–28.30%) and recovery (22.48%–31.12%) than ASCs. An electrophoretic study revealed that collagens possessed type I collagen. ASC with 0.75 M acetic acid (ASC-0.75) and PSC with 3.00% (w/w) pepsin (PSC-3.00) were selected and analysed on their solubility, molecular characteristics, and amino acid composition. A better solubility with a higher isoelectric point was observed for PSC-3.00 than ASC-0.75. Fourier transform infrared- and circular dichroism-spectra revealed a high-interacted compact structure with a triple helical-structure of the collagen peptides, respectively. A similar amino acid profile with a high imino acid content was observed. Therefore, collagens from Asian bullfrog skin were successfully extracted, where the optimized conditions provided a high yield with less adverse effects on collagen properties and molecular characteristics.
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    Asian bullfrog (Rana tigerina) skin gelatin extracted by ultrasound-assisted process: Characteristics and in-vitro cytotoxicity
    (2020-04-01)
    Karnjanapratum, Supatra
    ;
    Benjakul, Soottawat
    Impact of ultrasound-assisted process (UAP) on yield and characteristics of Asian bullfrog (Rana tigerina) skin gelatin was studied and the in-vitro cytotoxicity of the resulting frog skin gelatin was evaluated using CaCo-2, Raw264.7 and L929 cell lines. Different ultrasonication modes (5 min on-time with 25 min off-time (5/25) and 10 min on-time with 50 min off-times (10/50)) were implemented for different total ultrasonication times (10–60 min) during gelatin extraction at 55 °C. UAP could effectively augment yield and recovery of frog skin gelatin, compared with the typical process (without UAP). Different UAPs used affected characteristics and properties of gelatin differently. Increased total ultrasonication time increased color changes and turbidity of resulting gelatin and induced protein fragmentation, regardless of modes used. At the same total ultrasonication time, mode of 10/50 provided gelatin with higher hydroxyproline content and higher gel strength than 5/25 mode. Gelatin extracted by UAP with 10/50 mode for 60 min (FU) possessed high yield and good gel property. Gelling and melting temperatures and FTIR-spectra of FU were similar to those of gel from typical process. Based on in-vitro cytotoxicity toward different cell lines, frog skin gelatin could be used as biocompatible material, which could be safe for human consumption.
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    Oil from Asian bullfrong (Rana tigerina) skin: Antimicrobial activity and its application in emulsion gelatin-based film
    (2019-01-01)
    Karnjanapratum, Supatra
    ;
    Nilsuwan, Krisana
    ;
    Benjakul, Soottawat
    ;
    Sumpavapol, Punnanee
    Asian bullfrog (Rana tigerina) has been commonly consumed as meat protein source by Asian people. The certain amount of frog skin was obtained from cutting process line, which could be used as natural source of bioactivity compounds, particularly antimicrobial oil. In the present study, antimicrobial activities of oil extracted from skin of R. tigerina against various bacteria were determined using agar-well diffusion assay. The application of the frog oil in emulsion gelatin-based film as antimicrobial packaging was also investigated. Oil from bullfrog skin was extracted and examined for its antibacterial activities on Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholera, Aeromonas hydrophil and Salmonella typhimurium. Frog skin oil (FSO) (250-500 mg/ mL) showed inhibitory activities on both Gram +ve (B. cereus) and Gram -ve (E. coli) bacteria with inhibition zone diameters of 8.97-11.50 and 8.77-11.50 mm, respectively. A gelatin-based film incorporated with frog skin oil emulsion (FSOF) was characterized and it's antibacterial activities were also investigated using agar spot test in comparison with palm oil emulsified film (POF) and fish gelatin (GF) film. Physical characteristics of the three films varied. FSOF was significantly (P < 0.05) thicker than GF, but thinner than POF. FSOF had higher tensile strength than PO and showed higher elongation at break than GF (P < 0.05). Based on water vapor permeability, FSOF could be a good barrier with higher potential than GF (P < 0.05), which was comparable to PO (P > 0.05). FSOF showed higher transparency value with higher intense of yellow color, compared with those of POF and GF (P < 0.05). Antimicrobial activity of FSOF was not be detected, which could be accounted for the oil might have been trapped in the film matrix which limited the release of the oil into agar. The extracted oil could be a natural alternative antimicrobial agent. However, further study is required to enhance the release/availability of the oil in emulsion film as antimicrobial agent.