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EX-CCCII with Controlled Current Gain and Its Applications
(2026-04-01)
Tooprakai, Siraphop
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Khateb, Fabian
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Kulej, Tomasz
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Nonthaputha, Thanat
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Vavra, Jiri
This paper presents a novel extra-X second-generation current-controlled conveyor (EX-CCCII) with controllable current gain. Unlike the conventional EX-CCCII, the proposed EX-CCCII provides a controllable current gain between the (Formula presented.) - and (Formula presented.) -terminals. To demonstrate the advantages of the EX-CCCII with the controllable current gain, the proposed EX-CCCII is employed to realize a universal current-mode filter and a three-phase current-mode oscillator. The universal filter can realize five standard filtering responses (low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-stop, and all-pass) using the same topology. The current gains of these filters can be controlled through the current gain of the EX-CCCII, while the natural frequency of the universal filter can be electronically tuned via the intrinsic resistance at the x-terminal. When the proposed EX-CCCII is used to implement the three-phase oscillator, the condition of oscillation can be adjusted through the current gain of the EX-CCCII, whereas the oscillation frequency can be tuned using the parasitic resistance of the x-terminals. The proposed EX-CCCII and its applications were verified through SPICE simulations using the transistor model parameters NR100N (NPN) and PR100N (PNP) of the bipolar array ALA400-CBIC-R from AT&T to confirm the functionality and feasibility of the proposed topologies. Furthermore, experimental verification of the EX-CCCII and its integration into a three-phase oscillator further substantiates the proposed concept and demonstrates its practical viability.
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A 0.3 V Current Differencing Buffered Amplifier and Its Application in Current-Mode Third-Order Low-Pass Filters
(2025-05-01)
Khateb, Fabian
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Kumngern, Montree
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Kulej, Tomasz
This paper introduces an innovative low-voltage, low-power current differencing buffered amplifier (CDBA). The proposed CDBA utilizes a bulk-driven MOS transistor operating in the subthreshold region, allowing it to function effectively at low supply voltages while minimizing power consumption, making it suitable for sensor and biomedical applications. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed CDBA, it is incorporated into the design of a current-mode, third-order low-pass filter that is specifically tailored for bio-sensing applications. Both the CDBA and the low-pass filter are designed and simulated in Cadence Virtuoso using the TSMC 0.18 µm CMOS process. The CDBA operates at a supply voltage of 0.3 V, consuming 170 nW of power, while the third-order low-pass filter achieves a dynamic range of 57.2 dB with a total harmonic distortion (THD) of 1%.
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A 328 nW, 0.45 V Current Differencing Transconductance Amplifier and Its Application in a Current-Mode Universal Filter
(2025-04-01)
Khateb, Fabian
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Kumngern, Montree
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Kulej, Tomasz
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Vavra, Jiri
This paper presents a low-voltage, low-power current differencing transconductance amplifier (CDTA) utilizing the bulk-driven MOS transistor technique in the subthreshold region for reduced voltage and power consumption. The proposed CDTA includes a z-copy terminal, which enhances its functionality in current-mode circuit applications. Designed in the Cadence Virtuoso environment using 0.18 µm CMOS technology from Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), the amplifier operates with a supply voltage of 0.45 V and consumes 328 nW of power, with a bias current set to 10 nA. The current bandwidth and offset of the CDTA are 35 kHz and 0.3 nA, respectively. To demonstrate its performance, the CDTA is applied in a current-mode universal filter, which can realize low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, band-stop, and all-pass responses within a single topology. This design eliminates issues related to inverting input signals, input signal matching, or the need for multiple input signals. Additionally, the natural frequency of these filtering functions can be electronically controlled. The low-pass filter achieves a dynamic range of 61 dB, with a total harmonic distortion of 0.8%.
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Low-Voltage Current-Mode Analog Filter Using Current Differencing Transconductance Amplifier
(2025-01-01)
Kumngern, Montree
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Khateb, Fabian
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Kulej, Tomasz
This paper presents a new low-voltage, low-power current-mode active filter with three inputs and seven outputs. The design is implemented using three current differencing transconductance amplifiers (CDTAs) and two grounded capacitors. The proposed current-mode filter can realize both non-inverting and inverting transfer functions for low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, band-stop, and all-pass filters within a single topology. It features low input impedance, high output impedance, and eliminates issues related to inverting inputs, multiple input signals, and input matching conditions. The natural frequency of the filters can be electronically controlled. The bulk-driven MOS transistor technique is employed in the CDTA to enable operation at low supply voltages, with transistors operating in the subthreshold region to achieve low power consumption. This version of the CDTA also incorporates a z-copy terminal, which enhances its versatility for current-mode circuit applications. Simulations conducted in Cadence Virtuoso using 0.18 μm CMOS technology from TSMC validate the effectiveness of the proposed filter and CDTA. The filter operates with a supply voltage of 0.45 V, consumes 1.039 μW of power, achieves a total harmonic distortion (THD) of 1% with a 14 nA amplitude input sine wave signal, and provides a dynamic range of 65.9 dB. The Monte Carlo analysis, along with process, temperature, and voltage corner analyses, confirms the robustness of the design.
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0.5 V, Low-Power Bulk-Driven Current Differencing Transconductance Amplifier
(2024-11-01)
Kumngern, Montree
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Khateb, Fabian
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Kulej, Tomasz
This paper presents a novel low-power low-voltage current differencing transconductance amplifier (CDTA). To achieve a low-voltage low-power CDTA, the BD-MOST (bulk-driven MOS transistor) technique operating in a subthreshold region is used. The proposed CDTA is designed in 0.18 µm CMOS technology, can operate with a supply voltage of 0.5 V, and consumes 1.05 μW of power. The proposed CDTA is used to realize a current-mode universal filter. The filter can realize five standard transfer functions of low-pass, band-pass, high-pass and band-stop, and all-pass from the same circuit. Neither component-matching conditions nor input signals of the inverse type are required to realize these filter functions. The current-mode filter offers low-input and high-output impedance and uses grounded capacitors. The natural frequency and quality factor of the filters can be orthogonally controlled. The proposed CDTA and its applications are simulated using SPICE to confirm the feasibility and functionality of the new circuits.
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Single EX-CCCII-Based First-Order Versatile Active Filter
(2024-08-01)
Kumngern, Montree
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Khateb, Fabian
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Kulej, Tomasz
This paper presents a new current-mode first-order versatile active filter employing one extra-x second-generation current controlled current conveyor (EX-CCCII) and one grounded capacitor. The proposed filter can realize first-order filtering functions of a low-pass filter (LPF), high-pass filter (HPF), and all-pass filter (APF) within the same topology with low-input and high-output impedances required for current-mode circuits. This multiple-output EX-CCCII-based filter can provide six transfer functions as both non-inverting and inverting filtering functions of the LPF, HPF, and APF are obtained. The filter also offers electronic control of the pole frequency of all filtering. The proposed current-mode filter can be applied to work as a mixed-mode active filter, namely in the transadmittance-mode (TAM), transimpedance-mode (TIM), and voltage-mode (VM). Each operation mode can provide six transfer functions. The proposed filter was simulated and designed using SPICE and 0.18 µm CMOS technology. Experimental results using the commercially available integrated circuit AD844 were used to confirm the functionality of the new circuits.
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Current-Mode Active Filter Using EX-CCCII
(2024-06-01)
Kumngern, Montree
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Khateb, Fabian
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Kulej, Tomasz
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Tooprakai, Siraphop
This paper presents a novel multiple-input and multiple-output current-mode universal analog filter with electronic tuning capability. The proposed circuit uses a single second-generation current-controlled current conveyor with extra-X terminals (EX-CCCII) and two grounded capacitors. The filter can offer five standard filtering functions, namely low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-stop, all-pass responses, in the same circuit without changing the internal configuration of the filter by selecting appropriate input and output signals. To obtain the five standard filtering functions, inverted input signal and input matching conditions are absent. The natural frequency of all filter responses can be electronically controlled. The proposed circuit was simulated by SPICE using 0.18 μm CMOS process from Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC). The results of experiments using the integrated circuit operational amplifier AD844 confirm the functionality of the new filter.
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Current-Mode First-Order Versatile Filter Using Translinear Current Conveyors with Controlled Current Gain
(2023-07-01)
Kumngern, Montree
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Jongchanachavawat, Wirote
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Phatsornsiri, Punnavich
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Wongprommoon, Natapong
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Khateb, Fabian
This paper offers a new current-mode first-order versatile filter employing two translinear current conveyors with controlled current gain and one grounded capacitor. The proposed filter offers the following features: realization of first-order transfer functions of low-pass, high-pass, and all-pass current responses from single topology, availability of non-inverting and inverting transfer functions for all current responses, electronic control of current gain for all current responses, no requirement of component-matching conditions for realizing all current responses, low-input impedance and high-output impedance which are required for current-mode circuits, and electronic control of the pole frequency for all current responses. The proposed first-order versatile filter is used to realize a quadrature sinusoidal oscillator to confirm the advantage of the new topology. To confirm the functionality and workability of new circuits, the proposed circuit and its application are simulated by the SPICE program using transistor model process parameters NR100N (NPN) and PR100N (PNP) of bipolar arrays ALA400-CBIC-R from AT&T.

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