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Nano-Power OTA-Based Low-Pass Filter for Ultra-Low-Energy Biomedical Signal Processing
(2026-05-01)
Kulej, Tomasz
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Kumngern, Montree
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Khateb, Fabian
This paper presents a nanowatt-scale operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) and an electronically tunable third-order low-pass filter (LPF) designed for energy-constrained biomedical signal conditioning. The circuits are implemented in a 65 nm CMOS process and verified through comprehensive schematic-level simulations. Biased in the deep subthreshold region at 1 nA, the OTA achieves a 50 dB low-frequency gain, a 225 Hz unity-gain bandwidth at 10 pF load capacitance and an input-referred noise floor of 1.55 μV/√Hz, with a total power consumption of only 1.75 nW. The integrated third-order LPF provides a wide tuning range (37–668 Hz) via bias current modulation, exhibiting excellent linearity with a THD of 0.059% and a 65.3 dB dynamic range. Monte Carlo and PVT corner analyses demonstrate the design’s theoretical robustness against process variations and environmental fluctuations. ECG signal simulations validate the circuit’s effectiveness in suppressing high-frequency artifacts while preserving morphological integrity, providing a proof-of-concept for ultra-low-power wearable healthcare architectures.
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0.5 V, nW-Range Universal Filter Based on Multiple-Input Transconductor for Biosignals Processing
(2022-11-01)
Khateb, Fabian
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Kumngern, Montree
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Kulej, Tomasz
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Akbari, Meysam
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Stopjakova, Viera
This paper demonstrates the advantages of the multiple-input transconductor (MI-G<inf>m</inf>) in filter application, in terms of topology simplification, increasing filter functions, and minimizing the count of needed active blocks and their consumed power. Further, the filter enjoys high input impedance, uses three MI-G<inf>m</inf>s and two grounded capacitors, and it offers both inverting and non-inverting versions of low-pass (LPF), high-pass (HPF), band-pass (BPF), band-stop (BS) and all-pass (AP) functions. The filter operates under a supply voltage of 0.5 V and consumes 37 nW, hence it is suitable for extremely low-voltage low-power applications like biosignals processing. The circuit was designed in a Cadence environment using 180 nm CMOS technology from Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC). The post-layout simulation results, including Monte Carlo and process, voltage, temperature (PVT) corners for the proposed filter correlate well with the theoretical results that confirm attractive features of the developed filter based on MI-G<inf>m</inf>.
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High frequency and high precision CMOS full-wave rectifier
(2010-12-01)
Kumngern, Montree
This paper presents a new high frequency and high precision full-wave rectifier, which is very suitable for CMOS technology implementation. The system comprises a voltage to current converter, precision full-wave rectifiers and a current to voltage converter. An input voltage signal is converted into two symmetrical current signals by using a dual-output operational transconductance amplifier. Two current signals will be rectified by using junction diodes and convert into output voltage by using a grounded MOS resistor. Simulated rectifier results based on a 0.5μm CMOS technology demonstrates very high operating frequency and very precise rectification. © 2010 IEEE.
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Electronically tunable multiple-input single-output voltage-mode multifunction filter employing simple CMOS OTAs
(2010-12-01)
Kumngern, Montree
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Torteanchai, Usa
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Dejhan, Kobchai
This paper describes a new electronically tunable four inputs and single output voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter based on simple CMOS operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) and grounded capacitors. The proposed filter provides low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-stop and all-pass voltage responses at a high impedance input terminal, which enable easy cascadability. The circuit parameters ω<inf>o</inf> and Q can be orthogonally set the circuit component. The parameter ω<inf>o</inf> also offers an electronic control by adjusting the transconductance gain of the OTA. For realizing all the filter responses, no critical component matching condition is required and all the parameter sensitivities are low. PSPICE simulation results are performed to confirm the theoretical analysis. © 2010 IEEE.
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Electronically tunable high-input impedance voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter based on simple CMOS OTAs
(2010-10-01)
Kumngern, Montree
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Knobnob, Boonying
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Dejhan, Kobchai
This paper describes a new electronically tunable three inputs and single output voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter based on simple CMOS operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) and grounded capacitors. The proposed configuration provides lowpass, highpass, bandpass, bandstop and allpass voltage responses at a high impedance input terminal, which enable easy cascadability. Additionally, the circuit parameters ωo and Q can be set orthogonally by adjusting the transconductances and grounded capacitors. The filter also offers an independent electronic control of parameters ωo by adjusting the transconductance through the bias current/voltage of the OTA. For realizing all the filter responses, no critical component matching condition is required, and all the incremental parameter sensitivities are low. PSPICE simulation results are performed to confirm the theoretical analysis. © 2009 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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Electronically tunable voltage-mode universal filter with three-input single-output
(2010-08-11)
Kumngern, Montree
;
Dejhan, Kobchai
A new electronically tunable voltage-mode universal filter with three-input single-output using six simple CMOS operational transconductance amplifiers and two capacitors is proposed. The proposed filter provides lowpass, bandpass, highpass, bandstop and allpass voltage responses. Also, the parameters ω<inf>o</inf> and Q can be set orthogonally by adjusting the circuit components. The performances of the proposed circuit are simulated with PSPICE to confirm the presented theory. ©2010 IEEE.

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