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0.5-V 281-nW Versatile Mixed-Mode Filter Using Multiple-Input/Output Differential Difference Transconductance Amplifiers
(2024-01-01)
Khateb, Fabian
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Kumngern, Montree
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Kulej, Tomasz
This paper presents a new low-voltage versatile mixed-mode filter which uses a multiple-input/output differential difference transconductance amplifier (MIMO-DDTA). The multiple-input of the DDTA is realized using a multiple-input bulk-driven MOS transistor (MI-BD-MOST) technique to maintain a single differential pair, thereby achieving simple structure with minimal power consumption. In a single topology, the proposed filter can provide five standard filtering functions (low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-stop, and all-pass) in four modes: voltage (VM), current (CM), transadmittance (TAM), and transimpedance (TIM). This provides the full capability of a mixed-mode filter (i.e., twenty filter functions). Moreover, the VM filter offers high-input and low-output impedances and the CM filter offers high-output impedance; therefore, no buffer circuit is needed. The natural frequency of all filtering functions can be electronically controlled by a setting current. The voltage supply is 0.5 V and for a 4 nA setting current, the power consumption of the filter was 281 nW. The filter is suitable for low-frequency biomedical and sensor applications that require extremely low supply voltages and nano-watt power consumption. For the VM low-pass filter, the dynamic range was 58.23 dB @ 1% total harmonic distortion. The proposed filter was designed and simulated in the Cadence Virtuoso System Design Platform using the 0.18 µm TSMC CMOS technology.
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0.3-V Voltage-Mode Versatile First-Order Analog Filter Using Multiple-Input DDTAs
(2023-07-01)
Kumngern, Montree
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Khateb, Fabian
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Kulej, Tomasz
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Steffan, Pavel
This paper presents a versatile first-order analog filter using differential difference transconductance amplifiers (DDTAs). The DDTA employs the bulk-driven (BD) multiple-input MOS transistors technique (MI-MOST) operating in the subthreshold region. This results in low-voltage and low-power operational capability. Therefore, the DDTA, designed using 130 nm CMOS technology from UMC in the Cadence environment, operates with 0.3 V and consumes 357.4 nW. Unlike previous works, the proposed versatile first-order analog filter provides first-order transfer functions of low-pass, high-pass, and all-pass filters within a single topology. The non-inverting, inverting, and voltage gain of the transfer functions are available for all filters. Furthermore, the proposed structure provides high-input and low-output impedance, which is required for voltage-mode circuits. The pole frequency and voltage gain of the filters can be electronically controlled. The total harmonic distortion of the low-pass filter was calculated as −39.97 dB with an applied sine wave input signal of 50 mV<inf>pp</inf>@ 50 Hz. The proposed filter has been used to realize a quadrature oscillator to confirm the advantages of the new structure.
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Shadow Filters Using Multiple-Input Differential Difference Transconductance Amplifiers
(2023-02-01)
Kumngern, Montree
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Khateb, Fabian
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Kulej, Tomasz
This paper presents new voltage-mode shadow filters employing a low-power multiple-input differential difference transconductance amplifier (MI-DDTA). This device provides multiple-input voltage-mode arithmetic operation capability, electronic tuning ability, high-input and low-output impedances. Therefore, the proposed shadow filters offer circuit simplicity, minimum number of active and passive elements, electronic control of the natural frequency and the quality factor, and high-input and low-output impedances. The proposed MI-DDTA can work with supply voltage of ±0.5 V and consumes 9.94 μW of power. The MI-DDTA and shadow filters have been designed and simulated with the SPICE program using 0.18 μm CMOS process parameters to validate the functionality and workability of the new circuits.
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1.2 V Differential Difference Transconductance Amplifier and Its Application in Mixed-Mode Universal Filter
(2022-05-01)
Kumngern, Montree
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Suksaibul, Pichai
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Khateb, Fabian
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Kulej, Tomasz
This paper presents a new mixed-mode universal filter based on a differential difference transconductance amplifier (DDTA). Unlike the conventional transconductance amplifier (TA), this DDTA has both advantages of the TA and the differential difference amplifier (DDA). The proposed filter can offer four-mode operations of second-order transfer functions into a single topology, namely, voltage-mode (VM), current-mode (CM), transadmittance-mode (TAM), and transimpedance-mode (TIM) transfer functions. Each operation mode offers five standard filtering responses; therefore, at least twenty filtering transfer functions can be obtained. For the filtering transfer functions, the matching conditions for the input and passive component are absent. The natural frequency and the quality factor can be set orthogonally and electronically controlled. The performance of the proposed topology was evaluated by PSPICE simulator using the 0.18 µm CMOS technology from the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC). The voltage supply was 1.2 V and the power dissipation of the DDTA was 66 µW. The workability of the filter was confirmed through experimental test by DDTA-based LM13600 discrete-component integrated circuits.
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0.3-Volt Rail-to-Rail DDTA and Its Application in a Universal Filter and Quadrature Oscillator
(2022-04-01)
Khateb, Fabian
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Kumngern, Montree
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Kulej, Tomasz
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Biolek, Dalibor
This paper presents the extremely low-voltage supply of the CMOS structure of a differential difference transconductance amplifier (DDTA). With a 0.3-volt supply voltage, the circuit offers rail-to-rail operational capability. The circuit is designed for low-frequency biomedical and sensor applications, and it consumes 357.4 nW of power. Based on two DDTAs and two grounded capacitors, a voltage-mode universal filter and quadrature oscillator are presented as applications. The universal filter possesses high-input impedance and electronic tuning ability of the natural frequency in the range of tens up to hundreds of Hz. The total harmonic distortion (THD) for the band-pass filter was 0.5% for 100 mV<inf>pp</inf> @ 84.47 Hz input voltage. The slight modification of the filter yields a quadrature oscillator. The condition and the frequency of oscillation are orthogonally controllable. The frequency of oscillation can also be controlled electronically. The THD for a 67 Hz oscillation frequency was around 1.2%. The circuit is designed and simulated in a Cadence environment using 130 nm CMOS technology from United Microelectronics Corporation (UMC). The simulation results confirm the performance of the designed circuits.
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Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Universal Filter Using DDTAs
(2022-01-01)
Suksaibul, Pichai
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Torteanchai, Usa
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Manman, Somsak
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Jongchanachavawat, Wirote
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Kumngern, Montree
This paper presents a multiple-input multiple-output universal biquadratic filter using differential difference transconductance amplifiers. The variant filtering responses can be obtained by appropriately applying input signals and appropriately choosing output terminals. The voltage-mode filter possesses both high-input and low-output impedances. The proposed filter provides five standard filtering responses. The natural frequency can be controlled electronically, and the quality factor can be controlled orthogonally. The performance of the proposed filter is confirmed using PSPICE simulation based on 0.18 µm CMOS technology from TSMC.
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0.5 V Differential Difference Transconductance Amplifier and Its Application in Voltage-Mode Universal Filter
(2022-01-01)
Khateb, Fabian
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Kumngern, Montree
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Kulej, Tomasz
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Biolek, Dalibor
This paper presents an innovative CMOS structure for Differential Difference Transconductance Amplifiers (DDTA). While the circuit operates under extremely low voltage supply 0.5 V, the circuit's performance is improved thanks to using the multiple-input MOS transistor (MI-MOST), the bulk-driven, self-cascode and partial positive feedback (PPF) techniques. As a result, the DDTA structure is less complex, with high gain of 93 dB, wide input voltage range nearly rail-to-rail, and wide transconductance tunability. As an example of application, a second-order voltage-mode universal filter using three DDTAs and two 6 pF integrated capacitors is presented. The filter is designed such that no matching conditions are required for the input and passive components, and the input signals need not be inverted. The natural frequency and the quality factor can be set orthogonally while the natural frequency can be electronically controlled. The circuit was designed and simulated in Cadence environment using 0.18 \mu \text{m} TSMC technology. The simulation results including intensive Monte-Carlo (MC) and process, temperature, voltage (PVT) analysis confirm the stability and the robustness of the design to process, mismatch variation and PVT corners.
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Mixed-Mode Universal Filter Using Differential Difference Transconductance Amplifiers
(2022-01-01)
Suksaibul, Pichai
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Torteanchai, Usa
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Kumngern, Montree
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Jongchanachavawat, Wirote
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Burapattanasiri, Bancha
This paper presents a new mixed-mode universal biquad filter based on differential difference transconductance amplifiers (DDTAs). This work will be expressed that many filtering functions with electronic control of the natural frequency can be obtained using DDTA-based circuit. The topology provides voltage-mode (VM), current-mode (CM), transimpedance-mode (TIM), transadmittance-mode (TAM) transfer functions into single topology and each transfer function offers five standard filtering functions. The performance of the proposed topology is carried out using PSPICE simulators based on 0.18 μm CMOS technology from TSMC. The simulation result shows that it can confirm the proposed topology.
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Electronically Tunable Universal Filter and Quadrature Oscillator Using Low-Voltage Differential Difference Transconductance Amplifiers
(2022-01-01)
Kumngern, Montree
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Suksaibul, Pichai
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Khateb, Fabian
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Kulej, Tomasz
This paper presents a new electronically tunable universal filter and quadrature oscillator for low frequency biomedical and biosensor applications employing low-voltage differential difference transconductance amplifier (DDTA). The DDTA CMOS structure uses 0.5 V of supply voltage and consumes 277 nW of power. Unlike the previous universal filters, the proposed filter provides many transfer functions of the standard five transfer functions such as low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-stop and all-pass with both unity and controlled voltage gains as well as both inverting and non-inverting transfer functions. The natural frequency and the voltage gain of the five standard transfer functions can be controlled electronically. For the band-pass filter, the third intermodulation distortion (IMD3) was 0.37% for 20 mVpp input signal while the output integrated noise was 61.37 μV. The dynamic range (DR) was 53.27 dB for 1% IMD3. The quadrature oscillator has electronically and orthogonal control of the condition and frequency of oscillation. The proposed circuit and its applications were designed and verified via Cadence simulator tool using 0.13 μm UMC CMOS technology. Further, the circuit was evaluated by PSPICE simulation and experiment test using commercial OTA LM13700.

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