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Author: search.filters.author.Muhr, MichaelSubject: search.filters.subject.transformer

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    Biological Insulating Liquids - Safe, Sustainable, Environmental-Friendly
    (2024-01-01)
    Pagger, Ernst
    ;
    Pattanadech, Norasage
    ;
    Muhr, Michael
    ;
    Tieber, Michael
    ;
    Kongdang, Peeraphong
    Because of the aim for safe, sustainable, and environmentally friendly production, transmission, and distribution of electricity, the use of biological insulating liquids is increasing. This is reflected in the increasing number of suppliers of these liquids and the quantities being used in electrical equipment. Due to their chemical and physical properties, they are superior to conventional mineral oil in important areas. Due to their biological origin and the significantly lower energy input during production, they have a much lower CO<inf>2</inf> footprint compared to other insulating liquids. Insulating liquids produced by cracking fats and oils are not included in this article.
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    How Water Affects the Properties of Insulating Liquids
    (2020-10-25)
    Pagger, Ernst
    ;
    Muhr, Michael
    ;
    Pattanadech, Norasage
    ;
    Kongdang, Peeraphong
    ;
    Tieber, Michael
    Water has a great influence on the properties of insulating liquids, but this influence does not always have the same impact on the insulation system. Depending on what kind of insulating liquid is used the influence can be more or less. Liquids with a higher water absorption and adsorption capacity are less susceptible to changing liquid properties compared to insulating liquids like mineral oil. This paper provides results of how properties of viscosity, refractive index, breakdown voltage and moisture equilibrium in transformer paper-liquid systems change in relation to the water content.
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    Alternative Insulating Fluids - Interpretation of Test Results
    (2020-09-01)
    Pagger, Ernst Peter
    ;
    Muhr, Michael
    ;
    Rapp, Kevin
    ;
    Pattanadech, Norasage
    In recent years, more and more transformers filled with esters have been put into operation. This is because people recognize the benefits of ester fluids in terms of their fire safety (high flash- and fire points) and environmental characteristics, judging from their biodegradability, their low CO2 footprint (only valid for natural ester) and their beneficial interactions with solid insulation, etc. Ester fluids have already found their way into various standards. For analysis and testing the same equipment and devices that are commonly used for mineral oil are used for ester liquid. The chemical- and physical behaviors of ester fluids compared to mineral oil are different. This must always be considered when interpreting test results stemming from ester fluids.