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Multi-objective decentralized model predictive control for inverter air conditioner control of indoor temperature and frequency stabilization in microgrid
(2021-11-01)
Pahasa, Jonglak
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Potejana, Potejanasak
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Ngamroo, Issarachai
Microgrid (MG) is a novel concept for a future distribution power system that enables renewable energy sources (RES). The intermittent RES, such as wind turbines and photovoltaic gen-erators, can be connected to the MG via a power electronics inverter. However, the inverter inter-faced RESs reduce the total inertia and damping properties of the traditional MG. Consequently, the system exhibits steeper frequency nadir and the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF), which may degrade the dynamic performance and cause the severe frequency fluctuation of the system. Smart loads such as inverter air conditioners (IACs) tend to be used for ancillary services in power systems. The power consumption of IACs can be regulated to suppress frequency fluctuation. Nevertheless, these IACs, regulating power, can cause the deviation of indoor temperature from the temperature setting. The variation in indoor temperature should be controlled to fulfill residential comfort. This paper proposes a multi-objective decentralized model predictive control (DMPC) for controlling the power consumption of IACs to reduce MG frequency fluctuation and control the variation in indoor temperature. Simulation results on the studied microgrid with the high penetration of wind and photovoltaic generator demonstrate that the proposed DMPC is able to regulate frequency deviation and control indoor temperature deviation as a user preference. In addition, the DMPC has a superior performance effect to the proportional-integral (PI) controller in terms of reducing frequency deviation, satisfying indoor temperature preferences, and being robust to the varying num-bers of IACs.
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Design of Optimal SMES Controller Considering SOC and Robustness for Microgrid Stabilization
(2016-10-01)
Ngamroo, Issarachai
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Vachirasricirikul, Sitthidet
The microgrid with wind and photovoltaic (PV) power sources unavoidably encounters the power fluctuation problem. To solve this problem, the superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) can be used. Nevertheless, large power fluctuation from wind and PV sources, and severe system faults may cause the overcharge or deep-discharge state of SMES. These abnormal states highly degrade the dynamic performance of the SMES. To handle these situations, this paper concentrates on the new SMES power controller design considering state-of-charge (SOC), robustness, and optimal inductance of the superconducting coil for microgrid stabilization. The active and reactive power controllers of SMES are represented by the proportional-integral (PI) control. The SOC deviation control and the mixed H<inf>2</inf>/H<inf>∞</inf> control are proposed to optimize the SMES coil inductance and PI parameters. Simulation study is performed to signify the control effect of the proposed SMES.
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Improved H2/H∞ control-based robust PI controller design of SMES for suppression of power fluctuation in microgrid
(2014-10-15)
Vachirasricirikul, Sitthidet
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Ngamroo, Issarachai
In the microgrid integrated with the renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaic, the random power productions from such renewable sources may cause the severe power fluctuation problem. This paper focuses on a robust controller design of a superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) for stabilizing the power fluctuation in a microgrid. The proportional-integral (PI)-based damping controllers for active and reactive power control of SMES are optimally tuned based on the improved H<inf>2</inf>/H<inf>∞</inf> control with the automatic selection of the reference input. The particle swarm optimization is applied to achieve the optimal PI parameters automatically. Simulation results show that the power fluctuation from the renewable sources is greatly damped by robust SMES controller.
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Alleviation of power fluctuation in a microgrid by electrolyzer based on optimal fuzzy gain scheduling PID control
(2014-01-01)
Chaiyatham, Theerawut
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Ngamroo, Issarachai
This paper presents an application of the electrolyzer (EZ) to alleviate the power fluctuation in a microgrid with hybrid power generations from wind, photovoltaic array, fuel cell, and diesel engine. In this microgrid, the intermittent power generations from wind and photovoltaic arrays cause severe power fluctuation. With the fast response of EZ, the power absorbed by EZ can be controlled to compensate for the power fluctuation, in addition to the hydrogen production for fuel cell. The structure of the active and reactive power controllers of EZ is the fuzzy gain scheduling of a proportional-integral-derivative (FGS-PID) controller. Without trial and error, the scale factors, membership functions, and control rules of the FGS-PID controller are automatically optimized by bee colony optimization. A simulation study confirms that the proposed EZ with optimal FGS-PID controller is much superior to the optimal PID controller in terms of damping effect, robustness against disturbances, and hydrogen production. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.
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Application of electrolyzer to alleviate power fluctuation in a stand alone microgrid based on an optimal fuzzy PID control
(2012-12-01)
Ngamroo, Issarachai
Due to the high intermittent power generations from wind and photovoltaic in the microgrid (MG) system, these result in the severe power fluctuation. When the fuel cell (FC) equipped with the aqua electrolyzer (AE) has been installed in the MG, in addition to hydrogen production for FC, the absorbed power by AE can be controlled to alleviate the power fluctuation. This paper proposes the coordinated control of AE and FC to solve the power fluctuation problem in the MG. By control of the power absorption by AE and the power production by FC, the power fluctuation in the MG can be suppressed. The optimal fuzzy logic based-proportional-integral-derivative (FLPID) is used to design the controllers of AE and FC. Without trial and error as in the conventional FLPID controller design, scale factors, membership functions and control rules of the optimal FLPID controller are automatically and simultaneously tuned by a bee colony optimization. Simulation results confirm the superior stabilizing effect of the proposed optimal FLPID controller in comparison with the conventional FLPID controller under several system disturbances. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Robust controller design of microturbine and electrolyzer for frequency stabilization in a microgrid system with plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
(2012-12-01)
Vachirasricirikul, Sitthidet
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Ngamroo, Issarachai
This paper proposes a new robust controller design of microturbine (MT) and electrolyzer (ES) in a control and monitoring system (CMS) for frequency stabilization in a microgrid system with plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). In the studied microgrid, the MT is normally used to provide the main power to the loads while the ES absorbs the power from the system to produce the hydrogen as the fuel input for the power generation of the fuel cell. On the other hand, the large numbers of PHEVs are utilized in the consumer side. The concurrent charging powers of PHEVs cause a problem of severe frequency fluctuation in the microgrid. To solve this problem, the frequency stabilization of CMS is performed by controlling the power output of MT and ES. The controller structure of MT and ES is a proportional integral with a single input. To enhance the tracking performance and the robustness against system uncertainties of the designed MT and ES controllers, the control parameters are optimized by shuffled frog leaping algorithm based on specified-structure mixed H <inf>2</inf>/H <inf>∞</inf> control technique. Simulation results not only show the frequency stabilization effect against the random charging power of PHEVs but also the high robustness of the proposed robust MT and ES controllers against the system parameters variation. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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A bee colony optimization based-fuzzy logic-pid control design of electrolyzer for microgrid stabilization
(2012-09-01)
Chaiyatham, Theerawut
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Ngamroo, Issarachai
This paper proposes the optimal fuzzy logic based-proportional-integral-derivative (FLPID) controller design of the electrolyzer (EZ) by a bee colony optimization (BCO) for microgrid (MG) stabilization. The study MG system consists of wind power (WP), photovoltaic (PV), fuel cell (FC) equipped with EZ, diesel generator, and load. The intermittent power generations from WP and PV cause the severe power fluctuation in the MG. To alleviate power fluctuation, the EZ which is normally used to produce the hydrogen input for FC, can be applied. By control of active and reactive powers absorbed by EZ, the power fluctuation can be stabilized. The structure of active and reactive power controllers of EZ is the FLPID which consists of scale factors (SCs), membership functions (MFs), and control rules (CRs). Without trial and error, SCs, MFs, and CRs of the FLPID controller are automatically optimized by a BCO. Simulation study confirms that the proposed EZ with an optimal FLPID controller is much superior to the EZ with a conventional FLPID controller or an optimal PID controller in terms of stabilizing effect and robustness against various loading conditions and severe disturbances. © 2012 ICIC International.
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Robust coordinated control of electrolyzer and PSS for stabilization of microgrid based on PID-based mixed H 2/H ∞ control
(2012-09-01)
Ngamroo, Issarachai
In the stand-alone microgrid with hybrid wind, fuel cell (FC) with electrolyzer (EZ) and diesel generations, the intermittent wind power may cause the serious power fluctuation. In addition to the hydrogen production for FC, the EZ can be used to alleviate power fluctuation by an appropriate control of the absorbed power. Nevertheless, the EZ may fail to suppress the power fluctuation due to large disturbances. To enhance the EZ control performance, a power system stabilizer (PSS) which is assumed to be equipped with a diesel generator can be used. This paper proposes the robust coordinated control of EZ and PSS for microgrid stabilization. The structure of power controller of EZ and PSS is a proportional-integral-derivative (PID). To improve the damping performance and robustness of EZ controller and PSS, the PID parameters of both EZ and PSS are simultaneously tuned based on the mixed H <inf>2</inf>/H <inf>∞</inf> control by bee colony optimization. Simulation studies show that the stabilizing performance and robustness of the proposed EZ and PSS are superior to those of the individual device under system uncertainties such as various wind patterns, loading conditions and severe faults. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
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Microgrid stabilization by electrolyzer with optimal fuzzy gain scheduling PID control
(2012-06-12)
Chaiyatham, Theerawut
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Ngamroo, Issarachai
This paper presents the alleviation of power fluctuation by the electrolyzer (EZ) in a stand-alone microgrid (MG) with hybrid power generations from wind, photovoltaic, fuel cell, and diesel engine. In this MG, the intermittent power generations from wind and photovoltaic cause the severe power fluctuation. With the fast response of EZ, the power absorbed by EZ can be controlled to compensate for power oscillation, in addition to the hydrogen production for fuel cell. The structure of active and reactive power controllers of EZ is the fuzzy gain scheduling of proportional-integral-derivative (FGS-PID) controller. Without trial and error, the scale factors, the membership functions, and the control rules of the FGS-PID controller are automatically optimized by bee colony optimization. Simulation study confirms that the proposed EZ with optimal FGS-PID controller is much superior to the optimal PID controller in terms of damping effect and robustness against disturbances.
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Heuristic optimization based-fixed structure robust H∞ loop shaping controller design with automatic weights selection of controllable distributed generations for Microgrid stabilization
(2012-01-01)
Vachirasricirikul, Sitthidet
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Ngamroo, Issarachai
In the microgrid with wind and solar power generations, the power fluctuation from such intermittent sources is an inevitable problem. To handle such situation, the distributed generations (DG) with controllable power i.e., electrolyzer (ES) and microturbine (MT) can be applied. This paper proposes a heuristic optimization based-fixed structure robust H<inf>∞</inf> loop shaping controller design with automatic weights selection of controllable DGs for microgrid stabilization. To guarantee the system robust stability margin, the normalized coprime factorization is applied to represent unstructured uncertainties. The proportional integral (PI) is selected as the controller structure of ES and MT. For comparison purpose, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA) are applied to optimize the PI parameters based on the H<inf>∞</inf> loop shaping design. Simulation results show that the PSO-based control design is superior to GA-based controller design in terms of computation efficiency, robustness against system uncertainties and stabilizing effect. © 2012 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All right reserved.

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