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Some Practical Aspects of the Relational Database Normalization Process
(2025-01-01)
Pornphol, Putsadee
;
Chittayasothorn, Suphamit
Database normalization is a ubiquitous theoretical relational database analysis process. It comprises several levels of normal forms and encourage database designers not to split database tables into smaller ones unless it is necessary. Nevertheless, there are many aspects of relational database normalization which are not very well applied or well understood in practice. One of the biggest misconceptions is the misunderstanding that database normalization encourages splitting tables until they can be no longer spilt. Other popular practical misconceptions include over normalizations, performance issues, the complexity and rarity of multivalued and join dependencies, the projection/join normal form, and the unnecessity of carrying the normalization process beyond the third normal form or Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF). This paper clarifies these practical misconceptions with positive examples and argues that relational database normalization process is a very practical analysis and quality control process of relational database table structures.
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Using DeepSeek LLM AI System on Database Concepts and Design
(2025-01-01)
Pornphol, Putsadee
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Chittayasothorn, Suphamit
The use of Large Language Model (LLM) artificial intelligence (AI) systems in learning environments is ubiquitous. They are used by learners for self-studying, assignments, and exam preparation. Practitioners use them as junior assistants. Major concerns include the correctness and the completeness of the answers generated by the AI systems. In this paper, we explore how well an LLM AI system DeepSeek, answers database concepts and design questions. Selected questions on database design and frequently misunderstood topics are asked. Related knowledge is explained. The answers are reviewed and marked to provide an assessment on its use in the subject area.
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Using LLM Artificial Intelligence Systems as Complex SQL Programming Assistants
(2024-01-01)
Pornphol, Putsadee
;
Chittayasothorn, Suphamit
Learning database programming such as SQL programming is a challenging task when the queries become more complex. SQL is a declarative language based on relational calculus which describes the definition of the query results instead of describing the procedure or steps used to obtain the query result. Tutorial sessions using tutorial assistances are generally required to support the learning of advanced part of the language. Recently generative AI systems demonstrated question answering capabilities including programming codes generation. This paper verifies the SQL code generating capabilities of four generative AI systems: Bing, Bard, ChatGPT, and Copilot and their suitability as SQL programming assistants.
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Verification of Relational Database Languages Codes Generated by ChatGPT
(2023-10-27)
Pornphol, Putsadee
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Chittayasothorn, Suphamit
The potential of using large language model artificial intelligence systems to generate program codes for application development is significant. Database codes in SQL (Structured Query Language), which is the standard relational database language, can be generated by such systems. Generative AI systems know database languages syntax through their training data and the text patterns from various sources that include SQL queries and related text. Thus, the generated codes may not be perfect and need verification before usage. This paper verifies the relational completeness of the SQL codes generated by ChatGPT, one of the most widely used large language model systems. Relational algebra operators are used for the relational complete verification. An equivalent relational calculus statement is generated for each SQL and relational algebra statement. The results confirmed that ChatGPT has the ability to generate relational complete SQL, relational algebra, and relational calculus codes.
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Relational Database Principles Consideration for SQL Programming
(2023-01-01)
Pornphol, Putsadee
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Chittayasothorn, Suphamit
In practice, SQL programmers often encounter queries which are hard to formulate using SQL statements. Many of them do not know if the queries are too hard beyond their capabilities, or they are the limitations of the language. Many of these programmers only know that SQL statements work on database tables and are not aware of relational database and the relational complete language principle. This paper presents the common problems that SQL programmers encounter and refers to the relevant relational database principles as solutions.
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System Dynamics Model of COVID-19 Pandemic Situation: The Case of Phuket Thailand
(2020-06-22)
Pornphol, Putsadee
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Chittayasothorn, Suphamit
The outbreak of COVID-19 disease worldwide impacts the world health, social, and economic situations enormously. At present, there is no vaccines for the virus nor medicine which could cure them. Cities locked down and physical distancing seem to be good options to help reduce infection and casualties from the disease. However, these options may not convince members of the public since their daily life and economy are affected. Business cannot be carried on as usual and people suffer. Lockdowns and social distancing are often resisted. This research project uses the System Dynamics Simulations Model to simulate the infection of and recovery from the COVID-19 disease of populations within an administration area. The Susceptible, Infectious, Recovered (SIR) model is employed in the System Dynamic modelling. The case study area is Phuket, Thailand, which is a popular tourist destination. The contact rates among infected people and other people in Phuket are found to be relatively higher than other cities which are not tourist destinations.
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Economic crop plantation advisory system in rubber-based intercropping
(2020-01-31)
Makchan, Urairat
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Pornphol, Putsadee
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Chittayasothorn, Suphamit
Plummeting demand and increasing production have triggered a fall in rubber prices. This may be due to the impact of technological progress that can evolve synthetic raw materials to replace the use of rubber in certain industries. There are a number of reasons that cause the rubber price crisis. Consequences are not only affecting rubber planters, but also causing a direct impact to the overall economy of the country. Various agencies have seriously sought ways to solve the problem to help rubber farmers. One simple and practical method that has been proposed is to grow some other crops in free spaces of rubber plantations. It is an excellent idea to transform a single rubber plantation into an integrated farmland, in which rubber planters will not have to rely only on one source of income. Pursuing the sufficiency economy philosophy, the main objective is to help rubber farmers earn greater incomes in a sustainable manner, particularly by improving the quality and quantity of their crops, while remaining firm in preserving natural resources, such as soil, water, and air. To make such solution achievable, the public and private sectors have conducted various researches on how to produce a greater yield on a given plot of land in a rubber plantation. Certain types of crops have been determined to be grown in rubber plantations. They are compatible crops, multiple crops, and economic crops, which can ensure increasing agricultural productivity throughout the rubber plantation period. This paper aims to present the analysis of data related to the cultivation of other crops in unoccupied areas of rubber plantations, where rubber farmers and relevant parties will be offered productive suggestions on rubber farming. For data that have been input to process in the advisory system such as soil, water, air, and alternative crop prices can be obtained from data online and data offline. The results from the system will be knowledge for rubber famers directly or agricultural specialists to provide rubber farmers with extensive knowledge on the benefits of transforming a single rubber plantation into an integrated farmland, as part of the goal to create greater income-earning opportunities by growing compatible crops, multiple crops, and economic crops.
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Optimal normal form database development for cooperative systems
(2017-01-01)
Pornphol, Putsadee
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Naveevong, Chantinee
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Chitayasothorn, Suphamit
Currently, information technology has gained interests in various ways and has been used by almost all businesses The development of information technology has affected wider areas in every industry, both private and public Information systems are beneficial to the management of the organization or agency They allow users in each level to access information and use that information quickly, allow executives to use data from the information systems in strategic management of the organization correctly, help in the monitoring and controlling of the operation clearly and accurately, help analyze and fix problems that occur, and reduce costs and working time It can be concluded that any agency or organization that makes use of information systems in the operation and management at each level of the organization is moving in the right direction However, the information systems must be based on the development of systems that are accurate, reliable, and on the cutting edge of technology Saving and credit cooperative is another kind of agency that emphasizes on service and management by information systems, since the operation needs accurate information and cannot tolerate database update anomalies, because it is a system that is related to financial management. Information systems that have been used are either developed specifically for particular organizations or as a software package The database for the system must have the best structure and integrity constraints clearly modelled on a conceptual schema Since the use of the Entity Relationship Model ER Model cannot always guarantee the fifth normal form 5NF relational database schema, another conceptual schema model is required The NIAMORM Nijjsens Information Analysis Methodology Object Role Model which guarantee the Optimal Normal Form ONF is used instead The ONF is defined as the 5NF which has the smallest number of tables.
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A CLD-based tourist simulation system
(2014-11-05)
Pornphol, Putsadee
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Chittayasothorn, Suphamit
At present, the application of information systems in general and simulation systems in particular becomes apparent in many domains; both in business and government sectors. Accurate and timely information together with prediction results from decision support systems such as simulation systems help modern organizations advance ahead of the competition. Of course, the output of a simulation system is more accurate when the input is from reliable sources and high in quality. This paper presents the gross architecture of a tourist simulation system and the implementation details of its major subsystems. Causal Loop Diagrams (CLDs), conceptual schema, and temporal database play important roles in this research work.
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Temporal database application in industrial human resource management
(2014-01-01)
Pornphol, Putsadee
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Chittayasothorn, Suphamit
Temporal database is an established database technology which has recently been introduced to the industrial and commercial world. Temporal database features are available through specialized modules of commercial database management systems (DBMS). The SQL 2011 standard also includes temporal database features; even though at the time of this paper writing, not many DBMS products comply with the standard. We found temporal database features suitable for human resource applications and apply it in a rubber processing plant in southern Thailand. This paper demonstrates the temporal database design using a conceptual schema approach and temporal database implementations at the SQL level.

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