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VDTA-Based Mixed-Mode Inverse Filter and Its Application to Mixed-Mode PID Controller
(2026-04-01)
Roongmuanpha, Natchanai
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Pukkalanun, Tattaya
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Faseehuddin, Mohammad
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Tangsrirat, Worapong
This paper presents a novel voltage differencing transconductance amplifier (VDTA)-based mixed-mode inverse filter capable of operating in voltage mode, transadmittance mode, transimpedance mode, and current mode using a single topology. The proposed configuration employs only three VDTAs with two resistors and three capacitors, offering low component count, high input/output impedance flexibility, and no requirement for component matching. It simultaneously realizes first-order inverse lowpass and highpass, as well as second-order inverse bandpass responses. A comprehensive non-ideal analysis, which includes the effects of VDTA parasitic impedances, determines the practical operating frequency range. The design is validated through PSPICE simulations using 0.18 μm CMOS technology, showing close alignment between theoretical predictions and simulation results, with cutoff frequencies of approximately 1.60 MHz and low power consumption of 0.972 mW. Further analyses confirm orthogonal tuning capability, acceptable temperature stability, and robustness against component tolerances. In a practical application, the proposed inverse filter is employed to implement a mixed-mode PID controller, which significantly improves transient response characteristics by reducing rise time, settling time, and steady-state error. These findings highlight the effectiveness and versatility of the proposed design for analog signal processing and control system applications.
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Single VDCC-Based Mixed-Mode First-Order Universal Filter and Applications in Bio-Signal Processing Systems
(2026-02-01)
Moonmuang, Pitchayanin
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Roongmuanpha, Natchanai
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Tangsrirat, Worapong
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Pukkalanun, Tattaya
This paper presents a compact mixed-mode first-order universal filter based on a single voltage differencing current conveyor (VDCC), which can function in all four possible operation modes, i.e., voltage mode (VM), trans-admittance mode (TAM), current mode (CM), and trans-impedance mode (TIM). The proposed configuration requires only two grounded resistors and one floating capacitor, which contributes to a low component count, facilitates integration, and allows for the electronic tunability of the pole frequency through the transconductance gain of the VDCC. This work also demonstrates two practical biomedical applications: an electrocardiogram (ECG) acquisition system utilizing the VM low-pass filter for noise suppression and a bioimpedance (BioZ) measurement system employing the proposed configuration-based CM oscillator circuit as a sinusoidal excitation source. The performance validation confirms the accuracy of impedance extraction and the preservation of waveforms using tissue-equivalent models. The results demonstrate that the proposed VDCC-based filter offers a compact, power-efficient, and versatile analog signal-processing solution suitable for modern biomedical instrumentation.
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Design and Synthesis of Capacitance Multiplier Using LT1228s and a Grounded Capacitor
(2026-01-01)
Channumsin, Orapin
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Roongmuanpha, Natchanai
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Likhitkitwoerakul, Nutcha
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Tangsrirat, Worapong
In this study, the design and synthesis of a grounded capacitance multiplier is discussed. The proposed circuit consists of two commercially available integrated circuits (ICs) named LT1228, together with a single grounded capacitor as a passive element. The transconductance gain of LT1228 allows for electronic control of the simulated equivalent capacitance value. The LT1228 transconductance gain is easily adjusted through the external bias current, which has a wide adjustable range of 1 µA to 1 mA. No component matching is required for the designed simulator. A non-ideal analysis of the proposed circuit has been investigated in detail. The workability of the proposed circuit and its application example as a first-order lowpass filter has been confirmed with the theoretical findings through PSPICE software. The results indicate that the proposed simulator has excellent performance and matches the theory.
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Grounded Series and Parallel RL/RC Immittance Simulators Using a Single Second-Generation Voltage Conveyor
(2026-01-01)
Roongmuanpha, Natchanai
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Tangjit, Jetwara
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Pukkalanun, Tattaya
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Faseehuddin, Mohammad
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Tangsrirat, Worapong
This work proposes the active simulation of grounded series and parallel resistive-inductive (RL) and resistive-capacitive (RC) immittance functions employing a single second-generation voltage conveyor (VCII) and three passive components. The two configurations are designed for series RL and RC immittance simulation and RL and parallel RC immittance simulation, respectively. All of the simulated immittance functions can be realized without any specific component matching or cancellation limitations. The proposed series and parallel RL and RC immittance function simulators have been simulated with PSPICE program based on 0.18 µm CMOS process parameters to validate the theoretical study. The first-order inverse filters, biquadratic filter, and synthetic lossless inductor applications, constructed with the proposed simulator circuits, are designed and evaluated to further demonstrate the practical usefulness of the designed simulators.
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Grounded Immittance Simulation and PID Control Application
(2026-01-01)
Channumsin, Orapin
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Unhavanich, Sumalee
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Roongmuanpha, Natchanai
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Tangsrirat, Worapong
This communication introduces a grounded immittance function simulator. The circuit employs a single differential voltage to current converter (DVTC) in association with three passive elements. The grounded series type RL and RC simulator can be realized by selecting the proper position of all passive elements. The equivalent resistance, inductance, and capacitance accomplished from the proposed circuit can be adjusted with a passive resistor. DVTC non-idealities on the proposed simulator are also discussed in detail. The voltage mode PID controller has been suggested as an application using the proposed simulator. The performance of the proposed simulator and controller applications have been carried out through PSPICE simulation. The results are certified by the theoretical prediction.
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All-Grounded Passive Component Mixed-Mode Multifunction Biquadratic Filter and Dual-Mode Quadrature Oscillator Employing a Single Active Element
(2025-09-01)
Roongmuanpha, Natchanai
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Tangjit, Jetwara
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Faseehuddin, Mohammad
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Tangsrirat, Worapong
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Pukkalanun, Tattaya
This paper introduces a compact analog configuration that concurrently realizes a mixed-mode biquadratic filter and a dual-mode quadrature oscillator (QO) by employing a single differential differencing gain amplifier (DDGA) and all-grounded passive components. The proposed design supports four fundamental operation modes—voltage-mode (VM), current-mode (CM), trans-impedance-mode (TIM), and trans-admittance-mode (TAM)—utilizing the same circuit topology without structural modifications. In filter operation, it offers low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-stop, and all-pass responses with orthogonal and electronic pole frequency and quality factor. In oscillator operation, it delivers simultaneous voltage and current quadrature outputs with independent tuning of oscillator frequency and condition. The grounded-component configuration simplifies layout and enhances its suitability for monolithic integration. Numerical simulations in a 0.18-μm CMOS process with ±0.9 V supply confirm theoretical predictions, demonstrating precise gain-phase characteristics, low total harmonic distortion (<7%), modest sensitivity to 5% component variations, and stable operation from −40 °C to 120 °C. These results, combined with the circuit’s low component count and integration suitability, suggest strong potential for future development in low-power IoT devices, adaptive communication front-ends, and integrated biomedical systems.
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Two-Quadrant Current-Mode Logarithmic and Anti-logarithmic Amplifiers with Temperature Compensation
(2025-09-01)
Pukkalanun, Tattaya
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Roongmuanpha, Natchanai
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Tangsrirat, Worapong
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Suesut, Taweepol
This paper proposes circuit topologies for realizing two-quadrant current-mode logarithmic and anti logarithmic amplifier configurations with temperature compensation. The design approach employs the translinear approach to generate the output currents that directly correspond to the absolute values of the logarithmic and anti logarithmic functions. The proposed circuits can operate at a low-level supply voltage of 2V with both input and output current signals. A detailed examination of the non-ideal circuit performance has also been considered. To validate their functionality and illustrate their superior thermal stability, the developed circuits have been simulated. All simulations were conducted via PSPICE for a real bipolar transistor model of the HFA3096 technology.
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Cascadable First-Order and Second-Order Inverse Filters Based on Second-Generation Voltage Conveyors
(2025-02-01)
Roongmuanpha, Natchanai
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Likhitkitwoerakul, Nutcha
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Pukkalanun, Tattaya
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Faseehuddin, Mohammad
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Tangsrirat, Worapong
This study introduces four novel configurations of first-order and second-order multifunction inverse filters in both voltage-mode (VM) and current-mode (CM) using second-generation voltage conveyors (VCIIs). The first-order VM and CM inverse filters utilize only three passive components together with one VCII for VM and two VCIIs for CM realizations, which can provide lowpass and highpass inverse filter responses. The latter, second-order VM and CM multifunction inverse filters, can be constructed using the corresponding first-order inverse filters as their core circuits. These filters offer all the basic inverse filter functions, including lowpass, bandpass, and highpass inverse responses with all gains obtained from the same design. All the inverse filter realizations are cascadable. No component matching requirements are necessary for all filter responses. The non-ideal effects of the VCII on the performance of the proposed inverse filters are thoroughly examined. To prove the feasibility of the designs, the PSPICE program performed several simulations, utilizing model parameters of 0.18 µm CMOS technology. Some testing experiments were conducted using the commercially available IC-type AD844s for evaluating the practical performance of the designed inverse filters.
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LOW-VOLTAGE TEMPERATURE-INSENSITIVE LOGARITHMIC AND EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION CURRENT GENERATORS USING ONLY NPN TRANSISTORS
(2025-01-31)
Pukkalanun, Tattaya
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Satansup, Jetsdaporn
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Maneerat, Sutassa
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Tangsrirat, Worapong
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Roongmuanpha, Natchanai
The continuing reduction of supply voltage for reliable operation of analog integrated circuits is widely recognized. Analog circuits must adhere to this trend. As a result, researchers are currently developing low-voltage analog circuit methodologies. Current-mode signal processing circuits are examples of these concepts. Therefore, the objective of this work is to present circuit realizations of low-voltage current-mode logarithmic and exponential function generators with temperature compensation. Both the input and output signals operate in current mode. The design approach utilizes the current-mode translinear technique to produce the output currents that exhibit a directly proportionality to the absolute values of the logarithmic and exponential functions. By simply adjusting the external bias currents, one can electronically tune the output currents and transfer current gains for both proposed circuits. The proposed circuits utilize only npn bipolar transistors and can operate with low-level supply voltages of ±1 V, which are appropriate for low-power, high-frequency applications. Nonideality performance considerations are also discussed in detail. In order to verify the operational function of the circuits and illustrate their superior thermal stability, the PSPICE simulation has been performed using real transistor models provided for the HFA3096 mixed bipolar array technology. The simulation findings illustrate that the proposed logarithmic and exponential amplifier circuits can compensate for temperature variations, as evidenced by the good stability of their output currents over a temperature range of –40 °C to 100 °C.
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Design of Mixed-Mode Analog PID Controller with CFOAs
(2024-05-01)
Roongmuanpha, Natchanai
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Satansup, Jetsdaporn
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Pukkalanun, Tattaya
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Tangsrirat, Worapong
The design of a mixed-mode proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller circuit using current-feedback operational amplifiers (CFOAs) as active components is proposed. With the same circuit topology, the proposed configuration of three CFOAs, four resistors, and two capacitors is capable of performing the PID controller in each of the following four modes: voltage mode, trans-admittance mode, current mode, and trans-impedance mode. Numerous mathematical analyses are conducted to determine the controller’s performance under both ideal and non-ideal conditions. Additionally, the mixed-mode second-order lowpass filter is suggested and also used to examine the workability of the proposed mixed-mode PID controller in a feedback control structure. The proposed PID controller is implemented with the commercially available IC-type CFOA AD844, and the simulation results are presented to illustrate the functionality of the controller and its closed-loop control system. According to the findings, the total power consumption of the proposed PID controller is 0.348 W, with symmetrical supply voltages of ±9 V. It also has a temperature variation of less than 0.2% over the AD844’s usable range. Monte Carlo statistical analysis results revealed that the gain responses of the controller exhibited a deviation of no more than 7.72% from the theoretical value. The controlled filter in a closed-loop control system has a 43% faster rise time and peak time than the uncontrolled filter in all four modes of operation. It also has a steady-state error less than 0.2 mV for voltage responses and 0.72 µA for current responses.

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