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Preharvest blue diode laser irradiation enhances betalain biosynthesis, antioxidant responses, and postharvest quality of red amaranth microgreens during storage
(2026-12-01)
Supapvanich, Suriyan
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Sripumimas, Sookmas
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Li, Man
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Kang, Chuankai
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Puisoongnoen, Nichaphat
In recent years, light-based technologies have attracted growing interest as a postharvest strategy for maintaining the quality of leafy vegetables and microgreens. This study investigated the effects of blue diode laser irradiation (450 nm, 3 h) on the postharvest quality, antioxidant system, and betalain biosynthesis of red amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor) microgreens during storage at 4 ± 1 °C for 9 d. Blue laser treatment effectively maintained visual quality and reduced weight loss compared with untreated samples. Treated microgreens exhibited significantly lower accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), superoxide anion (O₂⁻), and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity during storage, indicating reduced oxidative stress and membrane lipid peroxidation. In addition, laser-treated samples maintained higher antioxidant capacity, including ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and DPPH radical scavenging activity, together with greater retention of total phenolics, flavonoids, vitamin C, and glutathione. Activities of antioxidant-related enzymes, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), were also significantly enhanced by laser irradiation. Furthermore, blue laser treatment effectively delayed chlorophyll degradation and increased betacyanin accumulation during storage. Gene expression analysis revealed significant upregulation of betalain biosynthesis-related genes, including AtrWRKY42–2, AtrCYP76AD1, AtrMYB72, AtrDODA1–1, and AtrB5-GT, particularly during the early storage period. Principal component analysis clearly separated laser-treated and control samples, confirming the positive association between laser irradiation, antioxidant defense, pigment retention, and overall quality maintenance. These findings demonstrate that short-term blue laser irradiation is a promising postharvest technology for enhancing antioxidant defense, regulating betalain biosynthesis, and extending the shelf life of red amaranth microgreens.
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Modulation of functional properties, oxidative stability, and aroma evolution in cream-style salad dressing by Wolffia globosa powder incorporation
(2026-08-01)
Sinthusamran, Sirima
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Techavuthiporn, Chairat
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Supapvanich, Suriyan
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Syukri, Daimon
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Atika, Yusti
Wolffia globosa is a novel plant-derived protein rich in bioactive compounds with potential functionality in food products. This study evaluated dried Wolffia globosa powder (WP) as a partial egg yolk substitute (0–20%) in cream-style salad dressing, focusing on physicochemical properties, oxidative stability, and volatile compounds during storage. WP exhibited high protein content (32.31%), abundant chlorophylls and phenolics, and strong antioxidant capacity. Sensory evaluation identified 15% WP as the most acceptable formulation. WP incorporation altered color, reduced viscosity, increased droplet size, and enhanced electrostatic stability through a more negative ζ-potential. Nutritional quality improved via higher protein, fiber, and antioxidant levels. During 28 days at 30 °C, WP significantly suppressed lipid oxidation. GC–MS chemometric analysis revealed reduced oxidation-derived volatiles and preservation of freshness-related monoterpenes. These results demonstrate WP's effectiveness in regulating emulsion structure and oxidative pathways, highlighting its potential as a functional, plant-based ingredient for stable salad dressings.
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Effect of Calcium carbide and Ethephon on flavor profile of ‘Kluai Hom Thong’
(2026-06-01)
Laryea, Damian
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Pinsirodom, Praphan
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Wattanachaisaereekul, Songsak
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Supapvanich, Suriyan
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Arsa, Supeeraya
Banana is a nutritious dessert with its rising demand resulting in the use of ripening agents to increase the ripening rate of bananas. There is, however, limited information on the effect these ripening agents may have on banana quality, including the flavor of bananas. This study determined the effect of CaC<inf>2</inf> and ethephon on the flavor profile of ‘Kluai Hom Thong’ (Musa AAA) banana at the ripe and overripe stages of ripening. Bananas were harvested at the green matured stage and treated with 1000 ppm ethephon and 3.07g/kg CaC<inf>2</inf>. Samples were taken at the fully ripe and overripe stages and analyzed using GC–MS. The Relative Odor Activity Value (ROAV) was also calculated. Esters were the most dominant volatile compounds in both the ripe and overripe stages. Ethephon and CaC<inf>2</inf> reduced the amount of esters in the bananas. Detection and relative content of alcohol and aldehyde volatile compounds varied among treatments. Isoamyl acetate (1-Butanol, 3-methyl-, acetate), an ester, was dominant in both stages of ripening with the control sample having a significantly higher amount among samples. Isoamyl acetate was established as the key volatile compound contributing to the overall aroma and flavor of Musa AAA. Ripening stage and treatments were observed to affect this key volatile compound and could contribute to significant changes in the perception of untreated and treated bananas. Therefore, care has to be taken when using ripening agents as they may affect the flavor of bananas. CaC<inf>2</inf>, however, may contain toxic chemicals; therefore, should be used with caution.
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Methyl Jasmonate Spray Enhances Antioxidant Defense and Preserves Postharvest Quality of Marian Plum (Bouea macrophylla Griffith) During Shelf Life
(2026-06-01)
Supapvanich, Suriyan
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Li, Da
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Techavuthiporn, Chairat
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Suo, Xiaoyu
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Youryon, Pannipa
Marian plum (Bouea macrophylla Griff.), an exotic fruit with high commercial potential, has received limited attention in postharvest research. This study evaluated the effects of postharvest methyl jasmonate (MeJA) spray application on the maintenance of physicochemical quality of Marian plums during shelf-life storage under room-temperature (26 ± 1 °C and 70–75% relative humidity) for 12 days. Fruits were treated with MeJA at concentrations of 0 (CK), 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mM. MeJA application did not significantly influence skin colour development and weight loss throughout storage. However, fruit treated with 1 mM MeJA showed reduced visual decay compared with lower concentrations and the CK. Treatments with 0.1 and 1 mM MeJA moderated changes in total soluble solids and titratable acidity, resulting in a higher BrimA index relative to the CK and 0.01 mM treatment. In addition, higher MeJA concentrations delayed fruit softening by slowing insoluble pectin degradation and soluble pectin accumulation during storage. MeJA treatments at 0.1 and 1 mM mitigated oxidative stress by lowering malondialdehyde and lipoxygenase activity, while enhancing antioxidant capacity, total phenolics, and the activities of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase. Pearson’s correlation and principal component analyses confirmed that 0.1 and 1 mM MeJA delayed fruit deterioration by improving antioxidant capacity and preserving texture during shelf life. Overall, these findings suggest that postharvest MeJA application, particularly at 0.1–1 mM, represents a promising and potentially sustainable strategy for extending shelf life and improving the marketability of Marian plum under room-temperature storage.
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Comparative Study of Truck and Train Transportation Effects on Postharvest Quality and Physical Damage of Mangosteens
(2026-03-01)
Ongkunaruk, Pornthipa
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Supapvanich, Suriyan
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Youryon, Pannipa
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Sinthusamran, Sirima
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Sanguansak, Nattaporn
Transportation is a major contributor to postharvest losses in mangosteens. This study compared the quality of mangosteens transported by train and by truck from an orchard in Chumphon Province to Bangkok and monitored poststorage changes at 25 ± 1°C and 64 ± 3% relative humidity (RH). During transit, truck shipments experienced internal conditions ranging from 26.0 to 33.0°C, 70.0 to 93.7% RH, and 9.5 to 105.4 m s<sup>−2</sup> in vibration intensity, whereas train shipments ranged from 28.2 to 40.3°C, 40.8 to 96.8% RH, and 1.1 to 13.3 m s<sup>−2</sup>. Mangosteens transported by truck exhibited considerably higher physical damage (24.9 ± 10.51%) than those transported by train (2.9 ± 1.98%). During subsequent storage, truck-delivered fruit showed faster peel color development and more pronounced internal deterioration. Moreover, truck transport led to markedly greater increases in peel hardness and lignin content over time, while both transport modes produced negligible effects on total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable acidity (TA). In truck-delivered fruit, peel hardness was positively correlated with lignin content but negatively correlated with TSS and TA—relationships not observed in train-delivered samples. Statistical analyses, including analysis of variance, Pearson correlation, and principal component analysis, confirmed that transportation mode and storage duration significantly influenced mangosteen quality deterioration, with truck transport accelerating pericarp hardening and ripening. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing logistics, particularly by favoring rail transport, which produces a lower vibration threshold than truck delivery, thereby reducing physical damage and maintaining mangosteen quality throughout the supply chain.
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Impact of roasting levels and brewing cycles on bioactive compounds in spent coffee grounds
(2026-02-01)
Maiyah, Nur
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Kerdpiboon, Soraya
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Kerr, William L.
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Klaypradit, Wanwimol
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Smithisukul, Chayada
Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) represent a potential source of residual bioactive compounds for sustainable reuse. Effects of roasting levels and sequential brewing cycles on recovery of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), caffeine, and chlorogenic acid (CGA) from Arabica and Robusta SCGs were investigated. Coffee beans were roasted (light, medium, dark), brewed through three hydrothermal cycles, and the resulting SCGs extracted with 70% ethanol. The first brewing cycle removed most water-soluble bioactive compounds, while subsequent brews induced smaller compositional changes, indicating the persistence of functional compounds. Roasting influenced the initial bioactive profile, but its impact diminished after brewing. Robusta SCGs retained higher TPC and antioxidant activity while caffeine diminished with brewing cycle, they were relatively stable to roasting while CGA was more heat-sensitive. Principal component analysis confirmed brewing history as the main factor governing SCG chemical profiles. These findings support brewing-informed SCG valorization for sustainable functional food applications.
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Laser light as a novel postharvest strategy to suppress chlorophyll degradation and oxidative stress in pakchoi (Brassica rapa subsp. Chinensis)
(2026-01-01)
Wen, Bo
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Kang, Chuankai
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Yang, Ting
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Zhan, Qi
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Chen, Tingyuan
Short-term diode laser light irradiation is an emerging physical treatment for preserving quality and enhancing oxidative stress resilience in postharvest commodities. Rapid deterioration, including leaf yellowing, is a major factor limiting the postharvest shelf life of pakchoi. This study investigated the effects of short-term exposure to blue (450 nm) and red (660 nm) diode laser light on quality maintenance, oxidative stress mitigation, and chlorophyll metabolism in pakchoi stored at 20 °C for 5 days. The results demonstrated that 660 nm red laser irradiation significantly maintained visual quality and green coloration while reducing weight loss more effectively than 450 nm blue laser light and the untreated control. Both laser treatments reduced respiration rates and ethylene production and induced partial stomatal closure. Additionally, both treatments regulated oxidative stress responses by lowering malondialdehyde (MDA) content, lipoxygenase (LOX) activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation (H₂O₂ and O₂⁻), while enhancing both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems. The red and blue laser treatments also preserved total chlorophyll content by suppressing the expression of chlorophyll degradation genes (BcPAO, BcNYC1, BcPPH1) and upregulating chlorophyll biosynthesis genes (BcCAO, BcCHLH). Among the treatments, the 660 nm red laser exhibited the strongest effects, as confirmed by higher maximum quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) values and principal component analysis (PCA). Overall, these findings demonstrate that 660 nm laser irradiation synergistically modulates chlorophyll metabolism and antioxidant defense, offering an effective and practical physical strategy to extend the postharvest shelf life of leafy vegetables.
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Preharvest Salicylic Acid Incorporated with Calcium Chloride Spray Improves the Postharvest Quality of Thai Dwarf Mulberries (Morus alba)
(2026-01-01)
Youryon, Pannipa
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Sangchan, Pra Kaiykarn
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Phakawan, Janejira
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Ahuja, Anjana Junpatiw
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Techavuthiporn, Chairat
The current research evaluated the impacts of preharvest salicylic acid (SA), calcium chloride (CaCl2), and SA incorporated with CaCl2 (SA+CaCl2) sprays on the quality of mulberries. In the preliminary experiment, the mulberries were sprayed with SA (0, 1, and 2 mM) or CaCl2 (0, 0.5, and 1%) before harvest for 5 d. The results indicated that the preharvest application of 1 mM SA or 0.5% CaCl2 resulted in the deceleration of the BrimA (a ripening index) increase and hindered fruit softening during storage at 5 °C for 6 d. In the major experiment, the effects of preharvest sprays of 1 mM SA, 0.5% CaCl2, and SA+CaCl2 for 5 d prior to harvest were investigated. All preharvest treatments delayed fruit darkening and acidity reduction compared to the untreated fruits and did not affect redness. The SA+CaCl2 spray delayed fruit darkening and enhanced firmness compared to the individual sprays. The total soluble solids content and BrimA value of treated mulberries were lower than those of untreated fruits. All treatments improved the antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds compared to the untreated fruits. The ferric-reducing antioxidant potential, DPPH radical scavenging activity, total anthocyanin, and total phenol content were all higher with the SA+CaCl2 preharvest spray than with the SA or CaCl2 spray alone. Thus, the preharvest SA+CaCl2 spray is a promising approach for improving Thai dwarf mulberry postharvest quality.
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Efficacy of Preharvest Calcium Chloride and Calcium Gluconate Treatments on the Postharvest Quality Maintenance of Marian Plums During Shelf Life
(2026-01-01)
Li, Da
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Sunthusamran, Sirima
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Youryon, Pannipa
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Bo, Wen
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Supapvanich, Suriyan
Marian plum is a commercial fruit that deteriorates rapidly during storage. The effects of preharvest treatment with calcium chloride (CaCl₂) and calcium gluconate (CaGlu) at two concentrations (1 and 2%) on maintaining the postharvest quality of marian plum during shelf life at 26±2ºC were investigated. The fruits were sprayed with both calcium salts 2 days prior to harvest. The outcomes show that both the CaCl2 and CaGlu treatments preserved fruit visual appearance and postponed color development during shelf life. No fruit rot incidence appeared on the 2% CaCl2 and 2% CaGlu treated fruits during storage for 8 days. All calcium treatments retarded the increase in weight loss compared to the untreated fruits. The fruit firmness was maintained by the calcium treatments, and 2% CaGlu treatments improved the firmness greater than other treatments. Moreover, the increases in malondialdehyde (MDA), total soluble solids (TSS) and BrimA, as well as the decreased total acidity (TA) were lowered by the calcium treatments. The total phenols and antioxidant capacities, including ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and DPPH free radical scavenging activity, were enhanced by the calcium treatments. In correlation analysis, the firmness showed significantly negative correlation with MDA and parameters related to ripening. Moreover, the MDA had significant negative correlation with DPPH radical scavenging activity. The softening of the marian plum was closely related to membrane degradation. Both preharvest CaGlu and CaCl2 treatments at 2% are feasible approaches to preserve the postharvest quality of marian plums during shelf life at room temperature.
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Efficacy of Sweet Basil Oil-chitosomes in Disease Suppression and Antioxidant (Enzymatic and Non-enzymatic) Responses in ‘Nam Dok Mai No. 4’ Mangoes during Shelf Life
(2026-01-01)
Techavuthiporn, Chairat
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Suo, Xiaoyu
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Wannasawad, Kittikoon
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Thaisamak, Phirunrat
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Supapvanich, Suriyan
This study investigated the effects of chitosomes, sweet basil oil, and sweet basil oil-chitosomes on oxidative stress and disease resistance in ‘Nam Dok Mai No. 4’ mangoes stored at room temperature (27 ± 2°C) for 8 days. Untreated fruits developed disease rapidly, with incidence reaching 100% by day 6, while all treatments delayed symptom development. Notably, sweet basil oil-chitosomes completely suppressed disease throughout storage. Hydrogen peroxide (H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf>) levels increased sharply in control and chitosome-treated fruits, while sweet basil oil and its encapsulated form significantly reduced H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf> accumulation, with the encapsulated treatment maintaining the lowest levels in both peel and pulp. Both treatments slowed a decline in total phenolic content and ascorbic acid, with sweet basil oil-chitosomes offering the most effective preservation. Antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase and ascorbate peroxidase) were lowest in controls, moderately increased by chitosomes, and strongly enhanced by sweet basil oil. The encapsulated treatment showed the highest enzyme activities, with 4.02- and 8.02-fold increases in peel, and 10.8- and 4.96-fold increases in pulp. Pearson’s correlation indicated that sweet basil oil-chitosomes most effectively stabilized the antioxidant network and minimized oxidative stress, followed by chitosomes and free basil oil, while the control exhibited the weakest defense, consistent with its higher anthracnose susceptibility. Principal component analysis further confirmed that sweet basil oil-chitosomes offered the greatest protection by sustaining both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. These results demonstrate that sweet basil oil-chitosomes, as an innovative nanocarrier delivery system, offer a promising natural strategy for enhanced postharvest disease management and quality preservation in mangoes.

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