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Antimony Sulfoiodide-Based Energy Harvesting and Self-Powered Temperature Detection
(2024-03-01)
Song, Heewon
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Hajra, Sugato
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Panda, Swati
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Hwang, Subhin
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Kim, Nayoon
The ferroelectric-semiconductor behavior of antimony sulfoiodide (SbSI) has opened up the material as a base for energy-harvesting devices. Specifically, SbSI has drawn much attention for pyroelectric energy harvesting and thermal sensing with outstanding electrothermal properties. This work investigates the thermistor properties of an SbSI material and presents the development of an SbSI nanorod/Kapton-based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) for effective energy harvesting and temperature sensing. The TENG based on SbSI/ Kapton operating in vertical contact separation mode delivers a peak-to-peak voltage of 90 V and a current of 1510 nA, respectively. Introducing SbSI nanorods for TENG opens the possibility of extending the conventional triboelectric series. The electrical and dielectric properties of the SbSI nanorods are investigated. SbSI exhibits a highly linear temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of −0.026 °C−1, making it an excellent candidate material for a thermistor. In addition, the material exhibits an excellent thermal sensitivity (β<inf>20/80</inf> = 1612.1 K). For demonstration, the SbSI thermistor is connected with TENG, and the outputs at various temperatures are analyzed for self-powered temperature sensing. This capability allows for efficient temperature monitoring without relying on external power sources, advancing remote, and autonomous sensing applications.
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Phase formation and electrical properties of SBNLT ceramics prepared via combustion technique
(2023-01-01)
Sinkruason, Thanapon
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Luangpangai, Anupong
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Charoenthai, Nipaphat
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Rittidech, Aurawan
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Pulphol, Phieraya
This report investigates the effect of firing temperatures on the phase formation, microstructure, electrical, and energy storage properties of lead-free Sr<inf>0.3</inf>(Bi<inf>0.7</inf>Na<inf>0.67</inf>Li<inf>0.03</inf>)<inf>0.5</inf>TiO<inf>3</inf> (SBNLT) ceramics, synthesised by combustion technique. The samples were calcined between 700°C and 900°C for 2 h and sintered between 1100°C and 1200°C for 2 h. The ceramics exhibited coexisting rhombohedral and tetragonal phases, which were confirmed by the Rietveld refinement technique. A morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) of the rhombohedral and tetragonal phases, with a ratio of 49:51, was obtained at the sintering temperature of 1175°C. The highest maximum dielectric constant (ε <inf>max</inf>= 4667), polarisation (P <inf>max</inf>= 28.80 µC/cm2) and energy density (W = 0.95 J/cm3), with a breakdown strength of 70 kV/cm, were achieved from the sample sintered at 1175°C.
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Enhancement of the Dielectric and Energy Storage Properties of Lead-Free BNSLT Ceramics by Zr4+ Substitution into B-Sites
(2023-01-01)
Luangpangai, Anupong
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Noiphoowiang, Nachtarika
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Premwichit, Pathit
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Klinbanmor, Metarsit
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Vittayakorn, Naratip
(Bi<inf>0.38</inf>Na<inf>0.30</inf>Sr<inf>0.28</inf>)<inf>0.98</inf>La<inf>0.02</inf>Ti<inf>1-x</inf>Zr<inf>x</inf>O<inf>3</inf> (abbreviated as BNSLT<inf>1-x</inf>Zr<inf>x</inf>, with x = 0 − 0.05) lead free ceramics were fabricated using the solid-state combustion method. The phase structure, microstructure and electrical properties of the ceramics were investigated. The coexistence of the rhombohedral (R) and tetragonal (T) phases was found in all samples. Rietveld refinement confirmed that as x increased from 0 to 0.05, the rhombohedral phase increased from 41 to 60%. A nearly equal R:T phase ratio of 49:51 was obtained for x = 0.01. All ceramics displayed polygonal grain shapes with anisotropic grain growth. The average grain size of the ceramics was in the range of 0.46–0.79 µm. The optimal Zr4+ content resulted in increased grain growth and reduced pores, leading to improved electrical properties. The highest density (5.52 g/cm3), maximum dielectric constant (ε <inf>m</inf> =2156), maximum polarization (P<inf>max</inf>=15.36 µC/cm2) and high energy storage properties (W<inf>total</inf>=0.49 J/cm3, W<inf>rec</inf>=0.45 J/cm3, W<inf>loss</inf>=0.05 J/cm3 and η = 90.54% at 60 kV/cm) were obtained from x = 0.01 caused by a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) and good morphology.
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Phase Formation, Microstructure and Electric Properties of Vanadium Doped Lead-Free BaTi0.91Sn0.09O3 Ceramics
(2023-01-01)
Pattanakasem, Wiwat
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Charoenthai, Nipaphat
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Vittayakorn, Naratip
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Bongkarn, Theerachai
Lead-free Ba(Ti<inf>0.91</inf>Sn<inf>0.09</inf>)<inf>1-x</inf>V<inf>x</inf>O<inf>3</inf> (BTSV, x = 0, 0.005,0.010, 0.015, and 0.020) ceramics were prepared by the conventional solid-state sintering method with a calcination temperature of 1200 °C for 2 h and a sintering temperature between 1350 °C and 1400 °C for 4 h. The effect of vanadium (V) doping on the phase formation, microstructure and electrical properties of the ceramics was investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements revealed that the ceramics with x = 0 and 0.005 had pure perovskite structures with no detectable impurity, while the ceramics with x ≥ 0.010 exhibited perovskite structures and had secondary impurity phases. Coexisting orthorhombic and tetragonal phases were observed and the Rietveld refinement analysis suggested that the tetragonal phase increased with increased V5+ substitution. When x increased from 0 to 0.010, the average grain size increased from 47 to 62 µm and then dropped, while the density (ρ) decreased from 5.98 to 5.64 g/cm3 when x increased. Furthermore, the BTSV ceramics exhibited increased porosity, Curie temperatures (T <inf>C</inf> ∼ 42 °C to 52 °C) and coercive field (E <inf>c</inf>), while the dielectric constant at the Curie temperature (ε<inf>C</inf>) and the remnant polarization (P <inf>r</inf>) of the ceramics decreased (∼18023 to 6110 and ∼7.42 to 4.88 µC/cm2, respectively) when V5+ doping increased.
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Phase Formation, Morphology and Electrical Properties of Lead-Free BNBLT-xBSN Ceramics Synthesized via the Solid-State Combustion Technique
(2023-01-01)
Thatawong, Bhoowadol
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Vittayakorn, Naratip
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Rittidech, Aurawan
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Bongkarn, Theerachai
Lead-free 1-x(Bi<inf>0.47</inf>Na<inf>0.47</inf>Ba<inf>0.06</inf>)<inf>0.95</inf>La<inf>0.05</inf>TiO<inf>3</inf>-xBa(Sn<inf>0.70</inf>Nb<inf>0.24</inf>)O<inf>3</inf> (BNBLT-xBSN) ceramics with x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 mol.% were synthesized by the solid-state combustion technique with a calcination temperature of 750 °C for 2 h and a sintering temperature of 1150 °C for 2 h. The effect of BSN substitution on the phase formation, microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric and energy storage properties of the BNBLT ceramics was investigated. With the substitution of BSN, the coexisting rhombohedral (R) and tetragonal (T) phases transformed into coexisting R and cubic (C) phase, verified by Rietveld refinement. The C phase increased with increased BSN content. The average grain size decreased from 1.14 to 0.89 µm when x increased to 0.03 and then increased to 0.96 µm. The measured density and maximum dielectric constant (ε <inf>m</inf>) tended to increase from 5.44 to 5.87 g/cm3 and 1800 to 1942 when x increased to 0.03, then decreased to 5.25 g/cm3 and 1501, respectively. The remanent polarization (P <inf>r</inf>) and coercive field (E <inf>c</inf>) decreased when x increased to 0.03. The 0.97BNBLT-0.03BSN ceramic exhibited the lowest energy loss density (W <inf>loss</inf> ∼ 0.10 J/cm3) and the highest energy-storage efficiency (η ∼ 77.3%) measured under an electric field of 70 kV/cm.
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Phase Structure, Microstructure, and Electrical Properties of Bi0.47Na0.47Ba0.06TiO3 Ceramics with (LiNb)4+ Substituted into B-Sites
(2023-01-01)
Luangpangai, Anupong
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Thatawong, Bhoowadol
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Charoenthai, Nipaphat
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Vittayakorn, Naratip
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Bongkarn, Theerachai
Due to the substitution of complex ions into B-sites is very interesting in recent, lead-free Bi<inf>0.47</inf>Na<inf>0.47</inf>Ba<inf>0.06</inf>Ti<inf>1−</inf><inf>x</inf> (LiNb) <inf>x</inf> O<inf>3</inf> (BNBT<inf>1−</inf><inf>x</inf> LN <inf>x</inf>) ceramics (with x = 0–0.04) were fabricated by the solid-state combustion method. The influence of (LiNb)4+ (x) on the phase structure, microstructure, and electrical properties was investigated. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns exhibited a pure perovskite structure for all specimens. Coexisting rhombohedral and tetragonal phases were observed in all samples and the tetragonal phase increased with increased x, as analyzed by the Rietveld refinement method. The morphology of the BNBT<inf>1−</inf><inf>x</inf> LN <inf>x</inf> ceramics, obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealed almost-round grain shapes and anisotropic grain growth. The density and average grain sizes decreased from 5.84 to 5.54 g/cm3 and 1.7 to 0.9 µm, respectively, when x increased from 0 to 0.04. The grain size distribution decreased with increased (LiNb)4+ content. A reduction in the dielectric properties was observed, due to the phase ratio changing away from a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), an inferior microstructure, and low density caused by (LiNb)4+ substitution. The (LiNb)4+ substitution induced the transition from non-ergodic relaxor to ergodic relaxor ferroelectric state.
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Effect of Co2+ substitution in B-sites of the perovskite system on the phase formation, microstructure, electrical and magnetic properties of Bi0.5(Na0.68K0.22Li0.10)0.5TiO3 ceramics
(2022-09-01)
Bhupaijit, Pamornnarumol
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Kaewsai, Chonnarong
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Suriwong, Tawat
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Pinitsoontorn, Supree
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Yotthuan, Surirat
Bi<inf>0.5</inf>(Na<inf>0.68</inf>K<inf>0.22</inf>Li<inf>0.10</inf>)<inf>0.5</inf>Ti<inf>1−x</inf>Co<inf>x</inf>O<inf>3</inf> lead-free perovskite ceramics (BNKLT−xCo, x = 0, 0.005, 0.010, 0.015 and 0.020) were fabricated via the solid-state combustion technique. A small-amount of Co2+ ion substitution into Ti-sites led to modification of the phase formation, microstructure, electrical and magnetic properties of BNKLT ceramics. Coexisting rhombohedral and tetragonal phases were observed in all samples using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The Rietveld refinement revealed that the rhombohedral phase increased from 39% to 88% when x increased from 0 to 0.020. The average grain size increased when x increased. With increasing x, more oxygen vacancies were generated, leading to asymmetry in the bipolar strain (S−E) hysteresis loops. For the composition of x = 0.010, a high dielectric constant (ε<inf>m</inf>) of 5384 and a large strain (S<inf>max</inf>) of 0.23% with the normalized strain (d*<inf>33</inf>) of 460 pm·V−1 were achieved. The BNKLT−0Co ceramic showed diamagnetic behavior but all of the BNKLT−xCo ceramics exhibited paramagnetic behavior, measured at 50 K.
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Firing Temperature Effects on Phase Formation, Microstructure and Electrical Properties of BNKLT-Sm Ceramics
(2022-01-01)
Klinbanmor, Metarsit
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Bhupaijit, Pamornnarumol
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Charoonsuk, Thitirat
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Wanakamol, Panitan
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Vittayakorn, Naratip
Lead-free Bi<inf>0.5</inf>(Na<inf>0.68</inf>K<inf>0.22</inf>Li<inf>0.10</inf>)<inf>0.5</inf>TiO<inf>3</inf> + 0.003 mol Sm<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> (BNKLT-Sm) ceramics were synthesized via the solid-state combustion technique with calcination temperatures between 750 and 850 °C and sintering temperatures between 1025 and 1100 °C for 2 h. The results showed that increasing the calcination temperature caused the percentage of perovskite phase and the particle size of the BNKLT-Sm powders increased. The BNKLT-Sm powder calcined at 800 °C displayed a pure perovskite structure without any impurity phases. The influence of the sintering temperature on the phase formation, microstructure and electrical properties of the ceramics was then investigated. All samples sintered at different temperatures possessed coexisting rhombohedral (R) and tetragonal (T) phases and the R phase became dominant when the sintering temperature increased. The microstructure of all ceramics showed a rectangular shape and anisotropic growth. The average grain size increased with increasing sintering temperature. Dielectric and ferroelectric behavior displayed relaxor characteristics in all samples. The maximum dielectric constant at T<inf>m</inf> (ε<inf>m</inf>) of 4777 and the highest remnant polarization (P<inf>r</inf>) of 5.03 µC/cm2 were obtained by the densest ceramics (5.85 g/cm3), which was sintered at 1075 °C for 2 h.
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Phase formation, microstructure and electrical properties of Ba0.9Ca0.1TiO3 ceramics fabricated via the solid-state combustion technique
(2022-01-01)
Sonchaopri, Nutkamon
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Bhupaijit, Pamornnarumol
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Yotthuan, Surirat
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Sinkruason, Thanapon
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Premwichit, Pathit
In this research, the effects of calcination temperature in a range of 1050–1200 °C for 2 h and sintering temperature in a range of 1325-1400 °C for 2 h on phase formation, microstructure and electrical properties of lead-free Ba<inf>0.9</inf>Ca<inf>0.1</inf>TiO<inf>3</inf> (BCT) ceramics fabricated via the solid-state combustion technique were investigated. For the XRD result, all the ceramics exhibited a coexisting phase between tetragonal and orthorhombic. The ceramic grain size tended to increase with increase of the sintering temperature. For BCT ceramic produced by the optimum sintering temperature (1375 °C for 2 h), the dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of ε <inf>C</inf>=7393, P <inf>r</inf>=7.60 μC/cm2<inf>,</inf> E <inf>C</inf>=5.99 kV/cm and d <inf>33</inf>=158 pC/N, respectively, were obtained.
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Effect of substitution of (NiNb)4+ into B-sites on the phase formation, microstructure and electrical properties of Bi0.47Na0.47Ba0.06TiO3 ceramics
(2022-01-01)
Luangpangai, Anupong
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Bhupaijit, Pamornnarumol
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Charoenthai, Nipaphat
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Vittayakorn, Naratip
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Thountom, Sarawut
Bi<inf>0.47</inf>Na<inf>0.47</inf>Ba<inf>0.06</inf>Ti<inf>1-x</inf>(Ni<inf>1/3</inf>Nb<inf>2/3</inf>)<inf>x</inf>O<inf>3</inf> ceramics (abbreviated as BNBT<inf>1-x</inf>(NN)<inf>x</inf>, x = 0, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05) were synthesized by solid-state combustion. The effect of x on the phase formation, microstructure and electrical properties of BNBT<inf>1-x</inf>(NN)<inf>x</inf> ceramics was examined. The XRD pattern indicated the coexistence of rhombohedral and tetragonal phases in all the specimens. Moreover, Rietveld refinement confirmed that the tetragonal phase increased from 47 to 71% when x increased from 0 to 0.05. The morphology of BNBT<inf>1-x</inf>(NN)<inf>x</inf> ceramics was observed by SEM and the ceramics grains showed polygonal shapes and the grain growth tended to be anisotropic. With (NiNb)4+ substitution, the average grain sized decreased rapidly from 1.7 to 1.0 µm and the grain size distribution was narrower as the amount of (NiNb)4+ increased. The density, remnant polarization (P<inf>r</inf>) and coercive field (E<inf>c</inf>) rapidly decreased with increasing x. A significant decrease in the ferroelectric properties was caused by the increasing tetragonal phase.

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