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Low-Cost Capacitive Sensor Front-End Circuit Based on Phase-Locked Technique
(2025-12-15)
Wongprommoon, Natapong
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Chimnoy, Jirat
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Prommee, Pipat
This research presents an efficient front-end circuit for grounded capacitive sensors (GCSs), based on a phase-locked technique. An all-pass filter serves as a phase shifter to obtain the desired 90° phase difference, enabling the sensor capacitance to be calculated from the locked frequency regardless of parasitic capacitances. For long-distance capacitance measurements (remote sensors), the proposed circuit integrates an improved active shield technique, allowing real-time measurements using only a low-cost microcontroller unit (MCU), display, and commercially available electronic components, without the need for expensive or bulky instruments. The design is fully automated and does not require manual adjustments. Simulation and experimental results are consistent and validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Comparative experiments with standard instruments demonstrate accurate measurement within the 1–500 pF range through shielded cables up to 10 m, while maintaining a maximum nonlinear error (NLE) of only 0.04% full-scale span (FSS). The proposed circuit architecture effectively mitigates the effects of parasitic cable capacitance and the input capacitance of operational amplifiers. This approach provides a low-cost, compact, fast, and highly accurate solution, making it suitable for applications of liquid-level measurement in hazardous or hard-to-access environments through remote capacitive sensor measurement.
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Dynamic Analysis of the Coexisting Attractors in a Novel Chaotic System with a Quintic Function
(2025-01-01)
Karawanich, Khunanon
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Wongprommoon, Natapong
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Prommee, Pipat
The discovery of complex dynamic behavior in simple chaotic systems has always been of research interest and is valuable for applications in various fields. This article presents a simple 3D novel chaotic system with a Quintic function. The system has rich dynamic behaviors and has five equilibriums from a Quintic function. The paper aims to analyze the complex dynamic as the coexisting attractor and multi-stability. The instruments for analysis in scrupulously viz phase portraits, the bifurcation, Poincaré section, the basin of attraction, power spectrum, etc. The basic properties of the system are presented by theoretical and numerical analysis. The several types of coexisting attractors are identified by using the power spectrum in preliminary. The range of the coexisting attractor is extended results by using the basin of attraction. Finally, utilizing coexisting attractors of a chaotic system in applications such as secure communication can enhance performance in cases like multikey encryption and chaotic steganography.
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Extracting the Single-Dispersion Fractional Cole–Cole Bioimpedance Model Based on Low-Pass Filter Technique
(2025-01-01)
Prommee, Pipat
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Chimnoy, Jirat
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Wongprommoon, Natapong
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Karawanich, Khunanon
This article presents a simple approach to extracting the parameters of the single-dispersion Cole–Cole bioimpedance model. The main advantage of the proposed technique is that it is low-cost but accurate in identifying the bioimpedance models. The Cole–Cole model is simplified as a fractional low-pass filter (LPF) using a few electronic components. Based on a low-component count, the circuit can be realized using only a single operational amplifier (OPAMP), two resistors, and two potentiometers (POTs). The proposed technique can achieve a minimal error compared to the theory, ensuring accuracy. The Cole–Cole model parameter values can be extracted by measuring the filter magnitude and phase responses. The LPF topology inherently provides a low-noise output signal. Experimental results using different fruits are carried out to verify the method and compared with measurements from a commercial impedance analyzer to confirm the accuracy of the results, with the maximum errors of R<inf>0</inf>,R<inf>∞</inf>, α, and C<inf>α</inf> being 0.94%, 2.41%, 0.85%, and 1.52%, respectively. The proposed new efficient technique provides excellent results in extracting the Cole–Cole parameters and agrees with the theoretical expectations.
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16-nW 0.5-V low-pass filter for bio-signal applications
(2025-01-01)
Phatsornsiri, Punnavich
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Kumngern, Montree
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Khateb, Fabian
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Torteanchai, Usa
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Wongprommoon, Natapong
A low-voltage, ultra-low power fully differential low-pass filter for bio-signal applications using multiple-input fully differential operational transconductance amplifiers (OTA) is presented in this article. The multiple inputs of OTA can be achieved using multiple-input dynamic threshold MOS transistor (MIDT-MOST) technique. The novelty of this work is to exhibit the proposed filter using multiple-input OTAs, which leads to a reduction in the number of active OTAs and power consumption. The fourth-order low-pass filter that is cascaded by two second-order filters has been presented. The fourth-order low-pass filter is designed and simulated in the Cadence environment using the 0.18 μm CMOS technology from TSMC at a supply voltage of 0.5 V. The simulation results show that the filter consumes 16 nW of power at a bandwidth of 110 Hz, has a total harmonic distortion (THD) of 1 % at 204.96 mV input amplitude, and provides dynamic range of 69.24 dB. These results indicate that the proposed low-pass filter can be applied to bio-signal processing applications.
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0.5-V 16 nW Low-Pass Filter for Bio-Signal Applications
(2024-01-01)
Phatsornsiri, Punnavich
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Kumngern, Montree
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Khateb, Fabian
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Kulej, Tomasz
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Wongprommoon, Natapong
This study presents a low-voltage, ultra-low power fully-differential low-pass filter for bio-signal applications using multiple-input fully differential operational transconductance amplifiers (MIFD OTA). This work shows that a low-pass filter using multiple-input OTA can reduce the number of OTAs and power consumption. The low-pass filter can be applied to biomedical signal processing applications. The low-pass filter was simulated using the 0.18 μm (CMOS) technology from TSMC with a supply voltage of 0.5 V. The simulation result shows that the filter has a static power consumption of 16 nW and a 140-Hz bandwidth when operating from a supply voltage of 0.5 V. Input frequency of 10 Hz with an amplitude of 220 mV, the new proposed filter provides a dynamic range of 72.2 dB, total harmonic distortion of 1 %.
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Current-Mode First-Order Versatile Filter Using Translinear Current Conveyors with Controlled Current Gain
(2023-07-01)
Kumngern, Montree
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Jongchanachavawat, Wirote
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Phatsornsiri, Punnavich
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Wongprommoon, Natapong
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Khateb, Fabian
This paper offers a new current-mode first-order versatile filter employing two translinear current conveyors with controlled current gain and one grounded capacitor. The proposed filter offers the following features: realization of first-order transfer functions of low-pass, high-pass, and all-pass current responses from single topology, availability of non-inverting and inverting transfer functions for all current responses, electronic control of current gain for all current responses, no requirement of component-matching conditions for realizing all current responses, low-input impedance and high-output impedance which are required for current-mode circuits, and electronic control of the pole frequency for all current responses. The proposed first-order versatile filter is used to realize a quadrature sinusoidal oscillator to confirm the advantage of the new topology. To confirm the functionality and workability of new circuits, the proposed circuit and its application are simulated by the SPICE program using transistor model process parameters NR100N (NPN) and PR100N (PNP) of bipolar arrays ALA400-CBIC-R from AT&T.
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Current-Mode Universal First-Order Analog Filter Using CCCIIs
(2023-01-01)
Phatsornsiri, Punnavich
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Torteanchai, Usa
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Wongprommoon, Natapong
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Kumngern, Montree
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Jongchanachavawat, Wirote
This paper presents a new current-mode first-order universal analog filter using current-controlled current conveyors (CCCIIs). The proposed circuit can realize first-order sections such as all-pass, low-pass, high-pass filters with both non-inverting and inverting transfer functions into single topology. The pole frequency of these filters can be controlled electronically. The output terminals possess high impedance level which is required for cascading of current-mode circuits. The proposed analog filter is verified using SPICE simulation. The CCCII has been simulated using the 0.18 µm CMOS technology with a supply voltage of 1.8 V. The simulation result can show that it agrees well with theory.
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Fractional-order Sinusoidal Oscillator with Arbitrary Phase Fining and Orthogonally CO and FO
(2022-01-01)
Pienpichayapong, Peradol
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Wongprommoon, Natapong
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Prommee, Pipat
This work presents a new fractional-order sinusoidal oscillator (FSO) based on OPAMP. The original circuit consists of two fractional-order lossless integrators (FLI) and some basic circuits. The RLC Foster approximation is used to realize the fractance capacitors. The CO and FO can be independently tuned. The order of passive device (a) is also orthogonally with CO and FO. In addition, the phase fining technique of the proposed FSO can easily be modified by replacing a couple of FLI with the existing FLL The characteristics of the circuit work well agreed with the original one. PSpice carries out the simulation results based on the model LF347 OPAMP. The results are in good agreement with the theoretical.
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0.3 v Fully Differential Current Conveyor Using MIBD-DT MOST technique
(2022-01-01)
Kumngern, Montree
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Torteanchai, Usa
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Wongprommoon, Natapong
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Jongchanachavawat, Wirote
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Tooprakai, Siraphop
This paper presents a new fully differential second-generation current conveyor (FDCCII) using multiple-input bulk-driven dynamic threshold voltage MOS transistor (MIBD-DT MOST) technique. This FDCCII, the MOST techniques such as the multiple-input (MI), bulk-driven (BD) and dynamic threshold voltage (DT) have been used. The MIBD can be reduced the number of differential pair of FDCCII and the DT-MOST technique can be reduced the power supply requirement. Thus, the proposed FDCCII is capable to working with a supply voltage of 0.3 V and it consumes a 0.132 uW of power dissipation. The simulations were performed with SPICE program using the 0.18 um CMOS technology. To prove the workability of the new circuit, the proposed FDCCII has been used to realize universal filter.
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High-order chebyshev notch filter based on MO-OTA and its application in Biosensor
(2021-05-19)
Srisamranrungrueang, Siradanai
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Wongprommoon, Natapong
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Prommee, Pipat
This paper presents a high-order notch filter based on multiple output OTA (MO-OTA). The signal flow graph (SFG) method is applied as a design procedure based on the RLC prototype. The RLC Chebyshev low-pass filter is used as an original prototype. The network transform is applied to convert the LPF to a notch filter. From the SFG, the denormalized network can be replaced by integrators and differentiators. The current-mode lossy and lossless types of integrator and differentiator are realized by using CMOS MO-OTA and grounded capacitor. A simple and low-complexity structure is achieved and constructed by 9 MO-OTAs and 6 grounded capacitors. The stop-band frequency between 10Hz-1kHz can be electronically tuned by the bias current between 1-100 μA. The low power supply ±0.75V is required which consumes the power 15mW at 100μA bias current. An application in ECG signal with power line interference (PLI) removal is included.

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