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Design and Synthesis of Capacitance Multiplier Using LT1228s and a Grounded Capacitor
(2026-01-01)
Channumsin, Orapin
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Roongmuanpha, Natchanai
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Likhitkitwoerakul, Nutcha
;
Tangsrirat, Worapong
In this study, the design and synthesis of a grounded capacitance multiplier is discussed. The proposed circuit consists of two commercially available integrated circuits (ICs) named LT1228, together with a single grounded capacitor as a passive element. The transconductance gain of LT1228 allows for electronic control of the simulated equivalent capacitance value. The LT1228 transconductance gain is easily adjusted through the external bias current, which has a wide adjustable range of 1 µA to 1 mA. No component matching is required for the designed simulator. A non-ideal analysis of the proposed circuit has been investigated in detail. The workability of the proposed circuit and its application example as a first-order lowpass filter has been confirmed with the theoretical findings through PSPICE software. The results indicate that the proposed simulator has excellent performance and matches the theory.
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Single Commercially Available Integrated Circuit-based Sinusoidal Oscillators with Amplitude Adjustability and Electronic Control of Condition
(2024-09-01)
Duangkaew, Suleeporn
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Supavarasuwat, Piya
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Siripruchyanun, Montree
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Sotner, Roman
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Jaikla, Winai
This paper presents four new sinusoidal oscillators using a commercially available integrated circuit (IC). The proposed circuits are simple topologies that employ a single commercial IC, LT1228. It is connected to passive element, consisting of four resistors and two capacitors. All derived oscillator circuits have low output impedance, allowing them to connect to other circuits without requiring an additional buffer. Using an active LT1228 device enables electronic adjustment of parameters in the proposed circuits. A feedback resistor can be used to change the output signal's amplitude without affecting the oscillation's frequency or condition. We performed both simulations using the PSPICE program and experiments to confirm the accuracy of all proposed oscillator circuits. The best total harmonic distortion was 0.13% for the proposed oscillator circuit 3. Adjusting the maximum amplitude using a resistor provides a gain of roughly 1.5–16.5 dB for the proposed oscillator circuit no. 1.
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Practical Realization of Only Active Floating Lossless Inductance Simulator
(2024-01-01)
Roongmuanpha, Natchanai
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Unhavanich, Sumalee
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Pukkalanun, Tattaya
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Tangsrirat, Worapong
This paper describes an electronically controllable floating lossless inductance simulator circuit implemented with only off-the-shelf available integrated circuits, namely LT1228 and operational amplifier (OA). The proposed design consists solely of two LT1228s and a single OA. By using an active element named LT1228, the equivalent inductance can be tuned electronically with depended on the externally supplied current applied to LT1228. The proposed simulator imposed just one component matching restriction that required the equality of two transconductances. It is easily attainable with a simple current mirror. The worthiness of the proposed floating inductance simulator has been proven and applied to the construction of the 2nd-order RLC highpass/bandpass filter as an application. PSPICE simulations are used to investigate the characteristics of the proposed simulator and its filter realization.
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Voltage-mode biquad filter using three lt1228s with independent and electronic control of center frequency and quality factor
(2023-01-01)
Wai, May Phu Pwint
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Jaikla, Winai
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Chaichana, Amornchai
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Suwanjan, Peerawut
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Chanapromma, Chaiyan
In this paper, we describe a voltage-mode (VM) biquad universal filter with one input and four outputs that can be tuned electronically. The filter proposed here is composed of three LT1228 commercial integrated circuits (ICs), seven resistors and two grounded capacitors. The proposed versatile biquad filter simultaneously provides four filtering functions: An inverting low-pass filter (LP), an inverting high-pass filter (HP), a non-inverting bandpass filter (BP), and an inverting notch filter (BR) without changing its topology. Employing two grounded capacitors minimizes the influence of parasitic resistances and capacitances on the proposed circuit's performance. Also, the output voltage nodes of the HP and BR functions have low output impedances. This means that these two filtering functions don't need voltage buffers to connect to other voltage-mode topologies. The center frequency (ω<inf>0</inf>) of the presented filter is electronically controlled and does not influence the quality factor (Q). In addition, they can also be tuned linearly without affecting each other. PSPICE software was used to analyze the modelling results, while a laboratory experiment was performed using LT1228 commercial ICs.
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A New Method to Synthesise the Sinusoidal Oscillator Based on Series Negative Resistance-Capacitance and its Implementation Using a Single Commercial IC, LT1228
(2023-01-01)
Kulapong, Worawut
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Jaikla, Winai
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Siripongdee, Surapong
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Sotner, Roman
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Suwanjan, Peerawut
An alternative method for synthesising the sinusoidal oscillator based on series negative resistance-capacitance is presented in this paper. The proposed topology is constructed with the series negative resistance-capacitance circuit connected in parallel with a grounded resistor and capacitor. To validate the proposed method, a new grounded series negative resistance-capacitance simulator is also proposed as a subcircuit for synthesising the sinusoidal oscillator. The series negative resistance-capacitance simulator is based on a commercially available integrated circuit (IC), LT1228. The equivalent negative resistance and equivalent negative capacitance can be adjusted electronically using an external DC bias current. The sinusoidal oscillator that is synthesised using the proposed method consists of a single LT1228, two capacitors, and three resistors. The frequency and the condition of the oscillation are orthogonally adjusted. Also, the condition of oscillation is electronically controlled. The amplitude of the sinusoidal waveform is adjustable. In addition, the output voltage node of the proposed oscillator has a low impedance, which allows it to connect to other circuits without using an additional buffer. Both PSPICE simulation and experiment are used to validate the proposed circuits.
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Electronically Controllable Colpitts Oscillator with Amplitude Controllability Using Commercially Available ICs
(2023-01-01)
Chaichana, Amornchai
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Mhuenpong, Ketsirin
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Sotner, Roman
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Jaikla, Winai
This paper proposes a sinusoidal oscillator realized from the LC Colpitts circuit configuration. For this purpose, the commercially available IC, LT1228 is chosen as active element. The current amplifier and grounded inductance simulator with electronic controllable gain and inductance value are respectively used to drive the oscillation condition and the oscillation frequency. These sub-circuits replace the conventional bipolar transistor-based current amplifier and wire coil inductor. Significant features of the proposed Colpitts oscillator include electronic and independent adjustment of oscillation frequency and condition, amplitude controllability of the sinusoidal waveform, and the absence of a wire coil inductor. The proposed oscillator has been tested through an experimental setup using an off-the-shelf IC, LT1228, to verify the theoretical analysis.
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Duty-Cycle Electronically Tunable Triangular/Square Wave Generator Using LT1228 Commercially Available ICs for Capacitive Sensor Interfacing Generator Using LT1228 Commercially Available ICs for Capacitive Sensor Interfacing
(2022-07-01)
Silapan, Phamorn
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Choykhuntod, Pawich
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Kaewon, Rapeepan
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Jaikla, Winai
This paper proposes a duty-cycle electronically tunable triangular/square wave generator using LT1228 commercially available ICs for capacitive sensor interfacing. The generator comprises two LT1228s, a grounded resistor, and a grounded capacitor. The circuit provides two output signals which are triangular and square waves. Both signals are regulated by adjusting the current bias. Likewise, the amplitude of the triangular signal can be tuned electronically without affecting the frequency. In addition, the square wave can independently control the linear duty cycle via tuning the voltage. Experiment results confirm the performance of the proposed circuit that the amplitude of the triangular wave, frequency, and duty cycle are linearly controllable via current or voltage, which do not affect each other. The duty cycle, the amplitude of the triangular wave, and frequency have maximum errors of ±1.60%, ±3.33%, and ±2.55%, respectively.
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The voltage-mode first order universal filter using single voltage differencing differential input buffered amplifier with electronic controllability
(2022-04-01)
Duangmalai, Danupat
;
Suwanjan, Peerawut
In this research contribution, the electronically tunable first-order universal filter employing a single voltage differencing differential input buffered amplifier (VD-DIBA) (constructed from two commercially available integrated circuit (IC): the operational transconductance amplifier, IC number LT1228, and the differential voltage input buffer, IC number AD830), one capacitor and two resistors. The features of the designed first order universal filter are as follows. Three voltage-mode first-order functions, low-pass (LP), all-pass (AP) and high-pass (HP) responses are given. The natural frequency (ω<inf>0</inf>) of the presented configuration can be electronically adjusted by setting the DC bias current. Moreover, the voltage gain of the LP and HP filters can be controllable. The phase responses of an AP configuration can be varied from 00 to -1800 and 1800 to 00. The power supply voltages were set at ±5 V. Verification of the theoretically described performances of the introduced electronically tunable universal filter was proved by the PSpice simulation and experiment.
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Single commercially available ic-based electronically controllable voltage-mode first-order multifunction filter with complete standard functions and low output impedance
(2021-11-01)
Jaikla, Winai
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Buakhong, Unchittha
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Siripongdee, Surapong
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Khateb, Fabian
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Sotner, Roman
This paper presents the design of a voltage-mode three-input single-output multifunction first-order filter employing commercially available LT1228 IC for easy verification of the proposed circuit by laboratory measurements. The proposed filter is very simple, consisting of a single LT1228 as an active device with two resistors and one capacitor. The output voltage node is low impedance, resulting in an easy cascade-ability with other voltage-mode configurations. The proposed filter provides four filter responses: low-pass filter (LP), high-pass filter (HP), inverting all-pass filter (AP−), and non-inverting all-pass filter (AP+) in the same circuit configuration. The selection of output filter responses can be conducted without additional inverting or double gains, which is easy to be controlled by the digital method. The control of pole frequency and phase response can be conducted electronically through the bias current (I<inf>B</inf>). The matching condition during tuning the phase response with constant voltage gain is not required. Moreover, the pass-band voltage gain of the LP and HP functions can be controlled by adjusting the value of resistors without affecting the pole frequency and phase response. Additionally, the phase responses of the AP filters can be selected as both lagging or leading phase responses. The parasitic effects on the filtering performances were also analyzed and studied. The performances of the proposed filter were simulated and experimented with a ±5 V voltage supply. For the AP+ experimental result, the leading phase response for 1 kHz to 1 MHz frequency changed from 180 to 0 degrees. For the AP− experimental result, the lagging phase response for 1 kHz to 1 MHz frequency changed from 0 to −180 degrees. The design of the quadrature oscillator based on the proposed first-order filter is also included as an application example.
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Electronically and orthogonally tunable sito voltage-mode multifunction biquad filter using lt1228s
(2021-10-27)
Wai, May Phu Pwint
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Suwanjan, Peerawut
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Jaikla, Winai
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Chaichana, Amornchai
The commercially available IC LT1228 is an interesting active device due to its advantage features, such as a fast transconductance amplifier, a wide bandwidth over a wide range of voltage gain, low total harmonic distortion (THD), high impedance differential input, etc. The single-input triple-output (SITO) voltage-mode (VM) multifunction biquadratic filters using ICs, LT1228s are introduced in this research. This circuit design provides the three-filtering functions, low-pass (LP), high-pass (HP), and band-pass (BP), without changing the circuit architecture. It comprises three LT1228s, four resistors, and two capacitors connected to the ground. The low impedance voltage output nodes are HP and BP responses. The quality factor (Q) and the pole frequency (ω0) can be electronically and orthogonally tuned by altering the third LT1228's bias current (IB). The PSPICE simulation and the experiment are verified to describe the circuit operation.

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