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Start date: 2023Subject: search.filters.subject.diabetic retinopathy

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    Custom Deep Learning Framework for Interpreting Diabetic Retinopathy in Healthcare Diagnostics
    (2026-04-01)
    Aziz, Tamoor
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    Charoenlarpnopparut, Chalie
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    Mahapakulchai, Srijidtra
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    Ajayi, Babatunde Oluwaseun
    ;
    Bamisaye, Mayowa Emmanuel
    Diabetic retinopathy is a prevalent condition and a major public health concern due to its detrimental impact on eyesight. Diabetes is a root cause of its development and damages small blood vessels caused by prolonged high blood sugar levels. The degenerative consequences of diabetic retinopathy are irrevocable if not diagnosed in the early stages of its progression. This ailment triggers the development of retinal lesions, which can be identified for diagnosis and prognosis. However, lesion detection is challenging due to their similarity in intensity profiles to other retinal features, inconsistent sizes, and random locations. This research evaluates a custom deep learning network for classifying retinal images and compares it with the state-of-the-art classifiers. The novel preprocessing method is introduced to reduce the complexity of the diagnostic process and to enhance classification performance by adaptively enhancing images. Despite being a shallow network, the proposed model yields competitive results with an accuracy of 87.66% and an F1-score of 0.78. The evaluation metrics indicate that class imbalance affects the performance of the proposed model despite using the weighted cross-entropy loss. The future contribution will be the inclusion of generative adversarial networks for generating synthetic images to balance the dataset. This research aims to develop a robust computer-aided diagnostic system as a second interpreter for ophthalmologists during the diagnosis and prognosis stages.
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    Comparing AI Decision-Making with Expert Biomarkers: A Case Study on Diabetic Retinopathy Classification
    (2025-01-01)
    Sharma, Aayushma
    ;
    Paing, May Phu
    Artificial intelligence (AI) has become prevalent in the healthcare sector due to its ability to interpret complex medical images that may not be apparent to humans. Traditional black-box models were used to classify the disease, providing no information as to why certain things were labeled as such and not others. This paper utilizes the use of eXplainable-AI (XAI), specifically, Layer-wise Relevance Propagation (LRP) which generates mapping between AI decision and biomarker used by the ophthalmologist whereby enhancing results interpretability and transparency in the disease diagnostic tasks. VGG-16 incorporated with batch normalization and label smoothing was used for the classification tasks whereas LRP was employed to perform the heat-map generation to see if the feature extracted and used by AI was consistent with the experts' biomarkers. Our proposed model obtained a classification accuracy of 77.33%, where 165 out of 266 images were aligned with the ophthalmologist's prediction. Furthermore, the significance of heatmap generation was supported by a one-sample Z-test which revealed that the alignment between AI predictions and expert biomarkers is significantly greater than random, with a 95% confidence interval.
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    Image Enhancement and 27 Pretrained Convolutional Neural Network Models for Diabetic Retinopathy Grading
    (2023-01-01)
    Kanjanasurat, Isoon
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    Anuwongpinit, Thanavit
    ;
    Purahong, Boonchana
    Diabetic retinopathy (DR) affects the retina's blood vessels and causes vision loss. Fundus images are used to diagnose DR, which is a lengthy process because experienced clinicians must accurately diagnose the disease and identify microlesions early to prevent blindness. Computer vision can be used for retinal image classification. The APTOS dataset contains 5990 normal, moderate, mild, proliferate, and severe retinal images. In this study, we proposed a convolutional neural network (CNN) ensemble for DR fundus grading. Each image channel was enhanced by contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) and gamma correction and then fed to 27 pretrained CNN models for one-time training to examine the DR grading. The results showed that MobileNet's green channel with the CLAHE technique is sufficiently fast and accurate for disease classification. The grading retinal images had an accuracy of 96.95%, a precision of 96.17%, a sensitivity of 97.80%, an F1 score of 96.98%, and a specificity of 97.75%. In addition, the proposed method improves the speed and robustness of retinal DR grading.