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Tailoring the coordination environment of Co-Sn active sites via zinc aluminate spinel support for highly chemoselective hydrogenation of methyl oleate
(2027-01-01)
Sooknoi, Tawan
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Chanakha, Vichuda
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Wattanakul, Titiporn
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Ausavasukhi, Artit
The chemoselective hydrogenation of methyl oleate to oleyl alcohol was investigated over Co-Sn catalysts supported on zinc aluminate (ZnAl<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf>). The ZA-M support, synthesized via a methanol-mediated solvothermal route, provided a high specific surface area (296.8 m2/g) and an optimized mesoporous structure. Sequential NaBH<inf>4</inf> and H<inf>2</inf> reduction finely tuned the coordination of active sites, enabling the optimized 2Co4SnBH/ZA-M catalyst to achieve a superior oleyl alcohol yield (33.58%) and a high selectivity (65.39%) at a conversion level of 51.36% via a direct hydrogenation pathway. Based on bulk and surface characterizations, a fraction of cobalt was found to remain in a cationic state, stabilized within a network of interfacial Co-O-Sn complexes and framework CoAl<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf>. These species are proposed to function as bifunctional active centers, where the Snn+/Sn0 species and neighboring Co2+ sites cooperatively enhance the chemoselectivity toward C=O reduction. Furthermore, the optimized catalyst demonstrated reasonable structural stability and reusability over four cycles, maintaining its catalytic viability despite a minor extent of metal leaching. These findings underscore the efficacy of spinel-supported ionic-metallic ensembles for the highly chemoselective and efficient hydrogenation of long-chain fatty acid methyl esters.
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A smartwatch-based holistic health management model for elderly care in Thailand: Development and pilot feasibility evaluation study
(2027-01-01)
Phromsen, Methee
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Sukkamart, Aukkapong
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Siripongdee, Surapong
Thailand's rapidly aging population presents major challenges for sustainable healthcare. Smartwatch-based gerontechnology offers potential for holistic health management (HHM), but culturally adapted models for Thai elderly care are lacking. This pilot study aimed to develop a smartwatch-based HHM model for Thai elderly care and to explore caregivers' perceived acceptability and feasibility. A four-component model (health data management, integrated physical–mental–social monitoring, healthcare service linkage, and senior-friendly design) was developed based on a literature review and the Diffusion of Innovations theory. Forty caregivers and healthcare providers from Chiang Rai Province, Thailand, were purposively sampled. They completed a validated 16-item questionnaire assessing four innovation attributes: comparative advantage, compatibility, trialability, and observability. Descriptive statistics and exploratory group comparisons (t-tests, ANOVA) were used for analysis. All four innovation attributes received high perceived effectiveness ratings (overall mean = 4.75/5.00, SD = 0.14). Compatibility scored the highest (mean = 4.80, SD = 0.25). No significant differences were found by gender, age, or occupation (all p > .05), suggesting broad stakeholder acceptability across diverse caregiver roles. The proposed model was rated as highly acceptable by Thai caregivers. These preliminary findings provide a basis for larger-scale implementation research that examines clinical outcomes, elderly user experiences, and real-world effectiveness. Key limitations include the small purposive sample, the lack of direct input from elderly end users, and the absence of hands-on device trials. Elderly end-users—the ultimate beneficiaries—did not provide direct input. Their technology acceptance, digital literacy, and actual usage patterns may differ substantially from caregiver perceptions. User-centered design requires direct elderly involvement, which future studies must prioritize.
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Development of BaO-containing radiation-shielding glass using natural dolomite as a raw-material component
(2027-01-01)
Cheewasukhanont, W.
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Kothan, S.
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Tungjai, M.
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Intachai, N.
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Ruangtaweep, Y.
This study investigates the incorporation of dolomite (CaMg(CO<inf>3</inf>)<inf>2</inf>) as a natural substitute for synthetic CaO in the fabrication of radiation shielding glass (RSG). Dolomite samples from Kanchanaburi, Thailand, were characterized using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to determine their chemical composition, revealing CaO (76.59-79.84 wt%) and MgO (19.13-21.54 wt%) as the primary components. These dolomites were used to synthesize borosilicate-based host glasses, where density remained stable (∼2.5 g/cm3), ensuring structural integrity. Optical transmittance measurements showed an average 80% transparency in the visible range. To enhance radiation attenuation, BaO was incorporated into the glass matrix at varying concentrations (5-35 mol%). Increasing BaO content increased the density of the glass samples, which contributed to improved radiation attenuation performance. The radiation-shielding properties, predicted using WinXCom over a wide photon energy range and experimentally evaluated at 0.662 MeV, improved with increasing BaO content. The HVL, Pb-equivalent thickness, and EABF results further supported the enhanced attenuation performance of the developed glasses, indicating that higher BaO content reduced the contribution of scattered photons to absorbed energy buildup in the intermediate-energy region. In addition, preliminary glass-forming tests of the B4 composition demonstrated the feasibility of preparing a larger glass sheet under similar melting and annealing conditions, although further optimization is still required. These findings suggest that natural dolomite can serve as a useful raw-material component for developing BaO-containing radiation-shielding glass with balanced optical transparency, density, and attenuation performance.
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Characterization of dust particles generated in Thailand Tokamak-1
(2027-01-01)
Nilgumhang, Kewalee
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Chokchaiworadilok, Sirat
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Poolyarat, Nopporn
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Dangtip, Somsak
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Limsuwan, Pichet
Thailand Tokamak-1 (TT-1) is the first magnetic confinement fusion device in Thailand and the ASEAN region. During plasma operation, plasma–wall interactions (PWI) inevitably lead to erosion of the 316L stainless-steel vacuum vessel and the boronized first wall, resulting in dust generation and plasma contamination. This work investigates the morphology and elemental composition of dust particles collected from the TT-1 vacuum chamber after plasma campaigns. In this experiment, we carried out a total of 604 discharge operation shots over a period of three months, using 99.999% purity H<inf>2</inf> gas as the fuel gas and 99.999% purity He gas for Glow Discharge Cleaning (GDC). Dust was sampled from the inner surface of the vacuum vessel using carbon tape and analyzed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Four primary dust morphologies were identified: (i) smooth flake-like particles, (ii) grain-crack particles with surface cracking, (iii) granular particles with fine grains distributed across the surface, and (iv) cauliflower-like structures attributed to repeated thermal cycling. EDS analysis revealed that Fe, Cr, and Ni, originating from the 316L stainless-steel wall, are the dominant metallic constituents, together with light elements such as B, C, and O associated with the boronization layer and subsequent oxidation. The presence of B- and C-rich granular dust confirms successful deposition and erosion of the boron coating used for wall conditioning. These results demonstrate that dust generated in TT-1 is a mixture of wall and boronization-layer fragments, which poses potential theoretical risks of plasma impurity accumulation, enhanced radiative losses, and compromised plasma ignition and stability in future high-performance campaigns. The present characterization provides a basis for future studies on dust transport, retention, and mitigation strategies in TT-1 and similar medium-size tokamak devices.
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Factors contributing to inaccurate migraine diagnosis: a prospective study at a tertiary hospital in Southern Thailand
(2026-12-01)
Suwanlaong, Kanokrat
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Sittisomwong, Sirianong
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Dutsadeethammo, Duangkamon
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Anukoolwittaya, Prakit
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Rattanawong, Wanakorn
Background: Migraine is a common and disabling neurological disorder, yet diagnostic accuracy remains suboptimal, especially in non-specialist settings. Misdiagnosis may lead to delayed treatment, medication overuse, and reduced quality of life. The objective of this study was to estimate the proportion of patients with migraine attending the headache clinic who were misdiagnosed or not diagnosed as having migraine before attending the headache clinic, and to identify factors associated with inaccurate migraine diagnosis among patients before attending a tertiary hospital in Southern Thailand. Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at Songkhla Hospital between July 2024 and April 2025. Adult patients (≥ 18 years) with a final migraine diagnosis confirmed by two blinded independent neurologists were enrolled. Participants were divided into two groups: (1) an appropriate diagnosis group, defined as patients who received a correct diagnosis of migraine at their initial consultation with any physicians prior to attending the headache clinic; and (2) an inappropriate diagnosis group, defined as patients who were previously misdiagnosed with another headache disorder or had not been diagnosed with migraine before their headache clinic visit. Data on demographics, clinical features, and the specialty of the first attending physician were analyzed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression. Results: 90 patients were included (87.8% female, mean age 43.4 ± 14.8 years). 43.3% had been misdiagnosed at their initial visit. The most common incorrect diagnoses were tension-type headache and sinusitis. Multivariable analysis identified five independent factors significantly associated with inappropriate diagnosis: male sex (adjusted OR 7.77, 95% CI 1.07–56.50, p = 0.043), bilateral headache (aOR 3.90, 95% CI 1.25–12.13, p = 0.019), lack of worsening by physical activity (aOR 5.09, 95% CI 1.54–16.89, p = 0.008), presence of vertigo/dizziness (aOR 4.39, 95% CI 1.22–15.83, p = 0.024) and initial consultation with a non-neurologist (aOR 7.92, 95% CI 2.63–23.88, p < 0.001),. Conclusion: Misdiagnosis of migraine remains frequent in clinical practice, particularly among patients initially evaluated by non-neurologists. Atypical symptom profiles—such as bilateral pain, lack of activity-related exacerbation, or associated vertigo—contribute to diagnostic inaccuracy. Enhanced awareness and targeted education for primary physicians are essential to improve diagnostic precision and reduce treatment delay.
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Diagnosis challenges and accessibility barriers to migraine management in Southeast Asia: results from the South-East Asia Local breAch on MigraiNe Treatment (SEALANT) study
(2026-12-01)
Rattanawong, Wanakorn
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Hiransuthikul, Akarin
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Anukoolwittaya, Prakit
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Pongpitakmetha, Thanakit
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Thanprasertsuk, Sekh
Background: Migraine is one of the leading causes of disability among all neurological diseases, yet major gaps persist in diagnosis and access to effective treatment, particularly in low- and middle-income regions. Southeast Asia and East Asia are characterised by marked socioeconomic diversity, variable healthcare infrastructure, and limited availability of migraine-specific therapies. We aimed to assess physician-reported barriers to migraine diagnosis and management across Southeast Asian and East Asian countries. Methods: The South-East Asia Local breAch on MigraiNe Treatment (SEALANT) study was a multinational, cross-sectional, web-based survey conducted between Nov 1, 2024, and Aug 31, 2025. Physicians involved in migraine care from Laos, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand were eligible. Survey domains included diagnostic barriers, clinic accessibility, acute and preventive treatment practices, awareness of medication overuse headache, access to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)–targeted therapies, and migraine-related stigma. Countries were categorised by World Bank income classification. Data were analysed descriptively, and comparisons were made across income groups. All results are based on physicians’ perceptions of routine clinical practice rather than objectively verified patient-level data. Results: A total of 686 physicians participated (mean age 39.0 years [SD 9.9]), of whom 79.8% were neurologists. Overall, 70.0% of respondents reported an insufficient number of neurology/headache clinics, increasing to 87.2% in lower-middle-income countries. Physicians reported that approximately 60.0% of patients were correctly diagnosed with migraine before specialist consultation, while 44.9% were perceived to experience diagnostic delays exceeding one year. According to physician reports, acute migraine management relied predominantly on non-specific analgesics, with opioids remaining widely available and prescribed across all income settings. Reported use of migraine-specific acute therapies and preventive treatments was limited. Although CGRP-targeted preventive therapies were widely regarded by physicians as effective (77.1%), many perceived that these treatments should not yet be reimbursed. Conclusion: Substantial and inequitable gaps persist in migraine diagnosis and management across Southeast Asia and East Asia, as perceived by physicians, driven by shortages of specialist services, delayed diagnosis, reliance on non-specific treatments, and restricted access to migraine-specific therapies. Addressing migraine as a public health priority through health-system strengthening, education, and equitable access to evidence-based treatments is essential to reduce disability in the region.
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Purification, characterization, and structural insights of Exo-1,4-β-D-glucosaminidase from Amycolatopsis sp. KLSc63: predictive modeling with glucosamine and N-acetyl glucosamine dimers
(2026-12-01)
Kornrawudaphikasama, Yosita
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Maneeruttanarungroj, Cherdsak
Chitin, a long-chain polysaccharide, is a major component in the exoskeletons of arthropods and the cell walls of fungi. Its derivative, chitosan, is widely used in various fields due to its solubility and versatility. This study focuses on the purification and biochemical characterization of exo-1,4-β-D-glucosaminidase from Amycolatopsis sp. KLSc63, an enzyme crucial for the degradation of chitin and chitosan. The enzyme was purified using anion exchange chromatography and characterized for its activity on colloidal chitin and chitosan solutions. Optimal activity was observed at pH 5.0 and temperatures of 40–45 °C for colloidal chitin and pH 4.0–6.0 at 55 °C for chitosan solution. The enzyme’s molecular weight was approximately 94 kDa. Various metal ions and surfactants significantly influenced enzyme activity, with Mn²⁺ at 1 mM concentration notably enhancing both activities. Structural modeling and docking studies confirmed the enzyme’s substrate specificity and binding interactions. These findings highlight the potential applications of exo-1,4-β-D-glucosaminidase in industrial processes, waste management, and the production of bioactive compounds.
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A machine learning approach for predicting osmotic coefficients and deriving activity coefficients in alkyl ammonium salts
(2026-12-01)
Chawuthai, R.
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Murathathunyaluk, S.
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Saengsuradech, S.
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Nukaew, A.
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Simasatitkul, L.
Quaternary Ammonium Salts (Quats) have diverse applications across various domains. They are extensively used as phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs) in chemical reactions, facilitating the transfer of reactants between aqueous and organic phases. Their unique structure enables the formation of ion pairs, enhancing reaction rates at phase boundaries. This research develops a novel method for predicting Quats’ osmotic coefficients using Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System (SMILES) notation and supervised machine learning. A comprehensive dataset of 1,654 data points from 52 distinct Quats was compiled. The structural characteristics were encoded using SMILES notation. The data was evaluated using random splitting and Leave-One-Group-Out (LOGO) validation to train seven machine learning algorithms. Gaussian Process (GP) emerged as the optimal algorithm. The GP model achieved a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 5.29% and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.034. Comparisons with Electrolyte-NRTL and Extended UNIQUAC models demonstrate that this data-driven approach offers competitive accuracy while enabling generalization to structurally similar compounds. This work marks a significant starting point for the machine learning-enhanced prediction of activity coefficients, with considerable potential for future refinement and application.
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Characterization and application of immobilized Lactobacillus plantarum fiber powder as a probiotic starter culture for Thai-fermented pork
(2026-12-01)
Tangwatcharin, Pussadee
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Sorapukdee, Supaluk
Characterization of immobilized Lactobacillus plantarum KL102 fiber powder and its application as a probiotic starter culture for probiotic Thai-fermented pork were evaluated. The influence of KL102 inoculum (free cells) and immobilized KL102 fiber powder additions on changes in microbiological and physicochemical qualities were estimated during 3 days of fermentation. For finished products, instrumental texture and color were collated. The results showed that the immobilized KL102 cells maintained their morphology and count within the banana peel dietary fiber after drying, with no significant difference observed. The addition of both forms of KL102 led to higher values of LAB, total acidity, and the proteolysis index, along with a lower pH and reduced levels of yeast, Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus aureus, coliform, Escherichia coli, and lipid oxidation during the 3-day fermentation (p < 0.05). The released water content of samples to which immobilized KL102 fiber powder addition were lower than those of the others (p < 0.05). Mold and Salmonella spp. in all products during fermentation were not detected. The finished product with immobilized KL102 fiber powder exhibited lower hardness, gumminess and chewiness than the others (p < 0.05). The color of this batch was also less light and yellow than the others (p < 0.05). Finally, the addition of immobilized KL102 fiber powder produced improvement of product quality, and this powder proved to be a convenient probiotic starter culture with confirmed microbiological safety for Thai-fermented meat production.
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Postharvest detection of anthracnose (Colletotrichum asianum) on mango fruit (Mangifera indica L. cv Namdokmai Sithong) using near-infrared response
(2026-12-01)
Junto, Apiwat
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Phanomsophon, Thitima
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Sharma, Sneha
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Kaewsorn, Kannapot
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Jongyingcharoen, Jiraporn Sripinyowanich
Anthracnose disease, caused by fungi of the genus Colletotrichum, poses a major threat to mango production and export industries, with Colletotrichum asianum being among the most significant pathogenic species. This work proposes the hypothesis that the simple difference in absorption between anthracnose-infected and noninfected mangoes illustrated by the average near-infrared (NIR) spectra obtained from hyperspectral images could be used for simple differentiation of the two groups. The method of depositing fungal spores by spraying the spores over the fruit surface, not a small area or specific point, allows for the number of spores per unit area to be harmonized and to detect infected or noninfected spores on every pixel of the mango surface using a hyperspectral imaging camera. Important wavelengths for differentiation included water bands of 970, 1190, and 1200 nm which resulted in the greatest difference in absorbance, and bands of chitin, the major component of the fungal cell wall; 1195 nm was the most important band. In addition, the vibration bands of 868 (protein in the fungal cell wall), 1134 (sugar and starch of the mango substrate), 1320 (NIR absorbers in the fungus-sprayed and mango substrate, not specifically defined) and 1069 nm (crystallinity and N-acetyl methyl groups in the fungal chitin and constituents of the mango), differed from each other. These wavelengths can be used for modelling, which can lead to high performance in quantifying the concentration of anthracnose and classifying the strength levels of anthracnose infection. The microbiological mechanism of anthracnose growth on infected mangoes corresponding to changes in the NIR spectrum during the 4 days after spore infection is comprehensively discussed. These results can aid in enhancing early detection and classification techniques for anthracnose-infected mangoes from noninfected mangoes using hyperspectral image sensors.

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