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Sustainable Utilization of Chicken Eggshell Waste for Adsorptive Removal of Congo Red Dye from Wastewater
(2026-01-01)
Leelahakarnjana, Kanyakorn
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Triyaprasertporn, Rawisara
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Clowutimon, Weerawat
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Assawasaengrat, Pornsawan
This study investigates the adsorptive removal of Congo red dye from wastewater using raw chicken eggshell, CaO derived from calcined eggshell, and commercial CaO as adsorbents. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to determine equilibrium time and analyze adsorption isotherms. Characterization of the materials using XRD, XRF, FT-IR, FT-Raman, and BET confirmed that the calcination process effectively transforms CaCO<inf>3</inf> in the raw eggshell into CaO, significantly increasing surface area and pore volume. These improvements enhance the material’s adsorption performance. The adsorption of Congo red reached equilibrium within 90 min for all adsorbents. Among the tested materials, CaO from eggshell exhibited adsorption capacity comparable to that of commercial CaO, while raw eggshell showed lower performance due to limited surface properties and basicity. Adsorption isotherm data for all adsorbents were better fitted with the Langmuir model, indicating a monolayer physical adsorption process. Overall, the results demonstrate that chicken eggshell waste, when thermally treated, is a promising and sustainable adsorbent for dye removal from wastewater.
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First-principles study insights into Janus MoWC-based MXenes for enhanced H2S and NH3 sensing applications
(2025-08-01)
Khammuang, Satchakorn
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Udomkijmongkol, Anan
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Thasitha, Sirinee
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Hussain, Tanveer
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Kotmool, Komsilp
Gas sensors are vital for environmental monitoring, industrial safety, and public health, enabling the detection of hazardous gases like H<inf>2</inf>S and NH<inf>3</inf>, even at low concentrations. This study uses first-principles calculations to investigate the gas-sensing properties of H<inf>2</inf>S and NH<inf>3</inf> gases on MoWC and MoWCO<inf>2</inf>, revealing key insights into their interaction mechanisms and potential for sensor applications. MoWC demonstrates stronger interactions with the gases compared to MoWCO<inf>2</inf>, as indicated by higher adsorption energy values. Charge transfer and electron density analysis suggest that the adsorption is primarily driven by charge exchange. The findings indicate that MoWC exhibits a highly sensitivity, undergoing significant work function changes when gas is adsorbed. However, AIMD results indicate that at 500 K, hydrogen atoms from gases attract to the surface and form terminal groups, making it unsuitable as a toxic gas sensor under these conditions. In contrast, MoWCO<inf>2</inf> exhibits too fast reversibility with an extremely short recovery time. In addition, we demonstrate that the sensing performance is enhanced by introducing O-vacancies in MoWCO<inf>2</inf>. The MoWCO<inf>2-vac</inf> shows increased adsorption energy for H<inf>2</inf>S and offers appropriate recovery times of 0.330 s with a sensitivity of 7.547 %, making it a suitable candidate for efficient room-temperature sensors. These findings pave the way to improve the potential of Janus MoWC-based MXenes for advanced H<inf>2</inf>S and NH<inf>3</inf> sensing applications.
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Effective recovery of phosphate from wastewater using biodegradable calcium-rich shell wastes composite macroporous cryogel
(2024-06-20)
Kaewnoo, Satabodee
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Wongniramaikul, Worawit
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Boonkanon, Chanita
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Taweekarn, Tarawee
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Kleangklao, Bussakorn
The recovery of phosphorus from wastewater holds promise as a sustainable source of organic phosphorus for agricultural use while aiding in meeting legislative discharge limits for phosphorus to control and mitigate eutrophication. This study introduces a novel approach in which calcium-rich calcined oyster shell (Ca–COS) is immobilized on a starch-based monolithic cryogel, resulting in a green tablet (Cry–Ca–COS) capable of efficiently recovering phosphate from water through chemisorption on the material surface and precipitation in the liquid phase. The formed tablet prevents sorbent loss post-adsorption, facilitating reusability. Under optimal conditions (i.e., three 0.83 cm thick Cry–Ca–COS tablets, an initial phosphate concentration of 12 mg L−1 in 1 L without pH adjustment (pH 6.3), and a contact time of 60 minutes), a phosphate removal efficiency of 83.11% ± 0.68% and a maximum removal capacity of 9.97 mg g−1 were achieved. Both the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model exhibited good fits to the experimental data, with an estimated activation energy of 81.9 kJ mol−1 and a positive enthalpy of 9.3 kJ mol−1, indicating an endothermic chemisorption process with a monolayer surface coverage of phosphate on Cry–Ca–COS. In real samples, Cry–Ca–COS demonstrated a high removal efficiency ranging from 98.48% ± 1.87%–99.16% ± 0.72%, with the adsorbed material biodegrading within 24 days under soil burial conditions. A preliminary study was conducted to explore the feasibility of utilizing phosphate-adsorbed Cry–Ca–COS as a fertilizer for cultivating water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.), and further in-depth investigation is required for a comprehensive report in the future. Thus, Cry–Ca–COS emerges as an environmentally friendly and effective tool for phosphate removal and recovery.
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Solid shrimp waste derived nanoporous carbon as an alternative bio-sorbent for oxytetracycline removal from aquaculture wastewater
(2024-06-15)
Kaewtrakulchai, Napat
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Samattakarn, Nippit
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Chanpee, Sirayu
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Assawasaengrat, Pornsawan
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Manatura, Kanit
Recently, it has been critical to effectively remove oxytetracycline (OTC) from aquaculture wastewater before releasing into the environment. The adsorption process is recognized as an efficient pathway for removing OTC since it is a simple, stable, and cost-effective method. This study aims to develop nanoporous carbon entirely from shrimp waste (SW) via hydrothermal carbonization assisted with KOH activation. Existing KOH significantly increases the porosity of SW nanoporous carbon. The optimal SW porous carbon was obtained using 5 wt%KOH for activation, which had the largest surface area of 679.51 m2/g with the total pore volume of 0.458 cm3/g. Moreover, the SW porous carbon with the highest porosity was selected for the OTC adsorption. The Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model match the experimental data, implying that the adsorption mechanism is mono-layered adsorption due to micropores by chemisorption interaction. The adsorption capacity significantly improved by increasing the dosage of SW nanoporous carbon. The SW nanoporous carbon adsorption for OTC is primarily regulated by pore filling affected by hydrogen bonding, and π-π* interaction also plays a significant role. The SW nanoporous carbon showed an efficient OTC adsorption after 5 regeneration cycles. This work demonstrates biomass waste recycling and emphasizes the potential of aquatic food processing waste-derived nanoporous carbon for antibiotic adsorption.
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Eco-friendly magnetic biochar from Leb Mu Nang banana peel: Response surface methodology optimization for Cd(II) adsorption from synthetic wastewater
(2024-02-01)
Limmun, Wanida
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Limmun, Warunee
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Borkowski, John J.
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Ishikawa, Nao
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Pairintra, Rattanachai
Magnetic biochar derived from Leb Mu Nang banana peel waste is introduced as a novel precursor for Cd(II) removal from synthetic wastewater. This study comprehensively evaluates and optimizes variable factors, including initial Cd(II) concentration, magnetic biochar (MLP) dosage, adsorption time, and initial pH level, using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). A Cd(II) removal efficiency of up to 93.4 % is reached under the conditions of a 50 mg/L initial concentration, 5 g/L MLP dosage, 24 h of adsorption time, and a solution pH of 8. The pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models accurately represent the kinetics and isotherm adsorptions, highlighting ion exchange, surface complexation, and precipitation as primary adsorption mechanisms. The magnetic biochar derived from Leb Mu Nang banana peels shows promise for efficient Cd(II) removal with easy post-adsorption separation.
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Enhancing small-scale acetification processes using adsorbed Acetobacter pasteurianus UMCC 2951 on κ-carrageenan-coated luffa sponge
(2024-01-01)
Sriphochanart, Wiramsri
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Krusong, Warawut
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Samuela, Nialmas
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Somboon, Pichayada
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Sirisomboon, Panmanas
Background. This study explored the utilization of luffa sponge (LS) in enhancing acetification processes. LS is known for having high porosity and specific surface area, and can provide a novel means of supporting the growth of acetic acid bacteria (AAB) to improve biomass yield and acetification rate, and thereby promote more efficient and sustainable vinegar production. Moreover, the promising potential of LS and luffa sponge coated with κ-carrageenan (LSK) means they may represent effective alternatives for the co-production of industrially valuable bioproducts, for example bacterial cellulose (BC) and acetic acid. Methods. LS and LSK were employed as adsorbents for Acetobacter pasteurianus UMCC 2951 in a submerged semi-continuous acetification process. Experiments were conducted under reciprocal shaking at 1 Hz and a temperature of 32 ◦C. The performance of the two systems (LS-AAB and LSK-AAB respectively) was evaluated based on cell dry weight (CDW), acetification rate, and BC biofilm formation. Results. The use of LS significantly increased the biomass yield during acetification, achieving a CDW of 3.34 mg/L versus the 0.91 mg/L obtained with planktonic cells. Coating LS with κ-carrageenan further enhanced yield, with a CDW of 4.45 mg/L. Acetification rates were also higher in the LSK-AAB system, reaching 3.33 ± 0.05 g/L d as opposed to 2.45 ± 0.05 g/L d for LS-AAB and 1.13 ± 0.05 g/L d for planktonic cells. Additionally, BC biofilm formation during the second operational cycle was more pronounced in the LSK-AAB system (37.0 ± 3.0 mg/L, as opposed to 25.0 ± 2.0 mg/L in LS-AAB). Conclusions. This study demonstrates that LS significantly improves the efficiency of the acetification process, particularly when enhanced with κ-carrageenan. The increased biomass yield, accelerated acetification, and enhanced BC biofilm formation highlight the potential of the LS-AAB system, and especially the LSK-AAB variant, in sustainable and effective vinegar production. These systems offer a promising approach for small-scale, semi-continuous acetification processes that aligns with eco-friendly practices and caters to specialized market needs. Finally, this innovative method facilitates the dual production of acetic acid and bacterial cellulose, with potential applications in biotechnological fields.
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PREPARATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM TIRE DERIVED PYROLYTIC CHAR FOR ADSORPTION OF TETRACYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE
(2022-12-01)
Chana, Khulanuttha
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Soisuwan, Sasit
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Sinpichai, Sarawut
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Chen, Bing Hung
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Na-Ranong, Duangkamol
Effects of activation variables on performance of the obtained activated carbon (AC) were investigated for removal of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH). Pyrolytic char derived from waste tire was chemically activated via two-step of KOH impregnation following by thermal treatment. According to regression analysis and fitting with second-degree polynomial equation, empirical models were developed to correlate performance of AC in TCH adsorption (percentage removal and adsorption capacity at equilibrium) with three activation variables: impregnation ratio (IR), activation temperature (T) and holding time of thermal treatment (t). The analysis of variance indicated that only T, T2 and IR2 were significant to the prediction of both percentage removal and adsorption capacity. According to the developed models, it is suggested that the pyrolytic char should be activated at IR = 6, T = 750 °C and t = 2 h to obtain the highest efficiency of TCH removal in the tested range of activation condition.
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High performance nanoporous carbon from mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.) residues via microwave treatment assisted hydrothermal-carbonization for methyl orange adsorption: Kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies
(2022-03-01)
Siraorarnroj, Siwat
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Kaewtrakulchai, Napat
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Fuji, Masayoshi
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Eiad-ua, Apiluck
High performance nanoporous carbons were directly prepared from mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.) residues by the hydrothermal-carbonization with chemical reagent combined the microwave-assisted treatment. The as-purified ML porous carbon (MPC) was successfully applied for the adsorption of methyl orange, which is one of crucial waste-water pollutants left from an industrial sector. The MPC sample obtained from the hydrothermal process (200 °C, 12 h) using an activation of 15 wt% NaOH (700 °C, 2 h), and combined with microwave treatment at 700 W for 6 min, specifically exhibited micropores and mesopores in the MPC morphological structure. Accordingly, the highest S<inf>BET</inf> was approximately 791.79 m2/g with the total pore volume of 0.495 cm3/g. Moreover, the adsorption performance test of MPC was conducted by the shaking unit using 100 ppm methyl orange concentration. The MPC showed the highest methyl orange-adsorption uptake of 99% at 30 °C under an ambient pressure (1 atm). The development of mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.) residues into porous carbon exhibited a great attention for dyes adsorption with a rapid adsorption kinetic, and excellent adsorption capacity, which are a promising-characteristics for practical waste-water adsorption experiments.
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Adsorption of silver, thorium and nickel ions from aqueous solution onto rice husk
(2021-10-01)
Zafar, Shagufta
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Khan, Muhammad Imran
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Shanableh, Abdallah
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Ahmad, Saleem
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Manzoor, Suryyia
In this article, adsorption of metal ions such as silver (Ag(I)), thorium (Th(IV)) and nickel (Ni(II)) from aqueous solution onto rice husk (RH) was performed at room temperature. Adsorption of these metal ions (silver, thorium, and nickel) onto RH was demonstrated by using Fourier trans-form infrared spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray. Morphology of RH was investigated before and after adsorption of these metal ions onto it by using scanning electron microscopy. The effect of different operational parameters (contact time, initial concentration of metal ion solution, weight of RH, pH, and temperature) on the percentage removal of these metal ions was explored in detail and compared. Experimental data for adsorption of these metal ions onto RH was sub-jected to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Results showed that adsorption of silver and thorium fitted well to Langmuir isotherm model (R2 > 0.99) whereas adsorption of Ni(II) fitted well to Freundlich isotherm model (R2 > 0.99). Adsorption kinetics study demonstrated that adsorp-tion of these metal ions onto RH from aqueous solution fitted well to pseudo-second-order model. Adsorption thermodynamics investigation represented that adsorption of these metal ions onto RH was endothermic process. The values of Gibb’s free energy were –6.53 to –9.17 kJ/mol for Ag(I), –1.11 to –3.57 kJ/mol for Th(IV) and –0.89 to –1.40 kJ/mol for Ni(II). The negative values of Gibb’s free energy for these metal ions suggested that the adsorption process was spontaneous in nature. The regeneration of RH and recovery of these metal ions were also studied.
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Cationic starch intercalated montmorillonite nanocomposites as natural based adsorbent for dye removal
(2021-02-01)
Lawchoochaisakul, Sirinan
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Monvisade, Pathavuth
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Siriphannon, Punnama
Cationic starch intercalated montmorillonite (Mt-CST) adsorbent was developed for the removal of basic dyes, namely, Basic Blue (BB66) and Basic Yellow (BY1) from aqueous solution. Cationic starches (CST) containing ammonium groups with the degree of substitution of 0.16 (CST1) and 0.69 (CST2) were successfully prepared from the reaction of low molar mass starch with (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl) ammonium chloride. A series of Mt-CST nanocomposites were prepared by controlling the mass ratios of Mt:CST. Adsorption of BB66 and BY1 from aqueous solution onto Mt-CST was studied. The adsorption capacity increased with decreasing of cationic groups in the CST or increasing the mass ratios of Mt:CST. The results showed that the Mt-CST11 nanocomposite with the mass ratio of Mt:CST1 of 69: 31 exhibited relatively high adsorption capacities for basic dyes. The results of adsorption behaviors of BY1 on Mt-CST11 and Mt-CST21 indicated that the adsorption processes followed well the Langmuir isotherm.

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