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    Asian Pacific Association of Gastroenterology (APAGE) Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Use of Small Molecules and IL-23 p19 Inhibitors in Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease
    (2026-07-01)
    Ooi, Choon Jin
    ;
    Ling, Khoon Lin
    ;
    Limsrivilai, Julajak
    ;
    Wei, Shu Chen
    ;
    Mak, Joyce Wing Yan
    Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are increasingly prevalent in the Asia Pacific region, necessitating updated, region-specific guidance on advanced therapies. Targeted small molecule agents, such as filgotinib, tofacitinib, upadacitinib, etrasimod, and ozanimod; and the IL-23 p19 inhibitors (guselkumab, mirikizumab, risankizumab) are the newest advanced therapies in our armamentarium for the treatment of IBD. The aim of the Asia-Pacific consensus statements is to provide context-specific recommendations integrating real-world evidence specific to our region. The Asian-Pacific Association of Gastroenterology (APAGE) Committee on Inflammatory Bowel Disease, with the participation of Asian Education Network in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (AEN-IBD), convened a forum of 34 IBD experts from 12 countries to develop consensus guidelines on the best practices on the use of these new advanced therapies using the modified Delphi method. IL-23 p19 inhibitors have shown good efficacy in biologic-naïve and experienced patients in both UC and CD, with clinical and endoscopic superiority over ustekinumab and an excellent safety profile. JAK inhibitors (tofacitinib and filgotinib) are efficacious in UC, and upadacitinib is efficacious in both UC and CD. They have a rapid time to response, and emerging data on acute severe UC appears promising. However, careful screening and monitoring is needed for known side effects, and prophylactic vaccination for herpes zoster should be considered. S1P modulators (ozanimod, etrasimod) are efficacious in UC with a favorable side effect profile.
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    A Model of Engineering Education for Innovation
    (2018-09-17)
    Sunthonkanokpong, Wisuit
    ;
    Murphy, Elizabeth
    ;
    Tuntrakool, Sunti
    The purpose of this paper is to present implications of innovation for Engineering Education (EE) and research. The specific objectives are as follows: Analyze innovation policies from India, Malaysia, Thailand, Korea and the Association of South-East Nations (ASEAN): Identify common themes between policies; determine implications for EE for Innovation (EEFI); create a model of EEFI; determine implications for EEFI research. Analysis of the policies led to the identification of seven themes: prosperity, humanity, inclusivity, capacity, sustainability, inquiry, and community. These themes guided the creation of a model of EEFI. The model consists of four principal bases: learner-based; STEM + AE-based, problem-based and; project-based. Learner-based focuses on what engineers are in terms of their personal and professional competencies. STEM + AE are a reminder that engineers must be more than technicians, well-versed in STEM. Their education needs to include the arts and entrepreneurship. The problem base refers to EEFI activity being driven by complex, authentic, ill-structured challenges, problems and issues that have a social as well as a technical character. The project-base involves collaborative efforts to find answers to questions and create solutions to problems and challenges. Implications for research highlight a range of approaches to researching EEFI from quantitative surveys of perceptions of participants to complex research designs whereby engineers in training are collaboratively solving real problems in communities.
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    A new checklist of lichenized fungi occurring in Thailand
    (2017-06-09)
    Buaruang, Kawinnat
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    Boonpragob, Kansri
    ;
    Mongkolsuk, Pachara
    ;
    Sangvichien, Ek
    ;
    Vongshewarat, Kajohnsak
    A new revised checklist of lichenized fungi in Thailand is presented, including 1,292 species. Recent work on the taxonomy of these organisms in Thailand resulted in an enormous increase in our knowledge of the lichen biota of the country - the current checklist includes more than twice as many species as the previous catalogue published 15 years ago - and phylogenetic studies resulted in numerous changes in the generic classification of lichenized fungi. Hence, a new checklist is here presented summarizing the current knowledge of lichens in Thailand. Six new records are reported, viz. Acanthothecis salazinica, Bactrospora metabola, Buellia parastata, Diploschistes cinereocaesius, Rolfidium coccocarpioides, and Trapelia placodioides. Five previously recorded species, namely Lecanora carpinea, Platismatia glauca, P. lacunosa, P. tuckermanii and Roccella phycopsis are shown to be based on misidentifications and are excluded from the checklist. Three new combinations of species previously placed in Pertusaria to Lepra are proposed: L. bulolensis (A.W.Archer, Elix & Streimann) Schmitt & Lumbsch, L. patellifera (A.W.Archer) Schmitt & Lumbsch, and L. subventosa (Malme) Schmitt & Lumbsch.
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    Long-term analysis of NO2, CO, and AOD seasonal variability using satellite observations over Asia and intercomparison with emission inventories and model
    (2013-12-01)
    Lalitaporn, Pichnaree
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    Kurata, Gakuji
    ;
    Matsuoka, Yuzuru
    ;
    Thongboonchoo, Narisara
    ;
    Surapipith, Vanisa
    Long-term analysis of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO<inf>2</inf>) columns retrieved from GOME, SCIAMACHY, OMI and GOME-2 satellites, carbon monoxide (CO) columns from MOPITT satellite, and aerosol optical depths (AODs) from MODIS satellite was performed for Southeast Asian countries including Japan and China during 1996-2012. The results show that significant increasing levels of tropospheric NO<inf>2</inf> columns can be clearly observed during the study period, especially above the eastern regions of China. The cities located in different latitude zones present the seasonal cycle of NO<inf>2</inf> columns, CO columns, and AODs differently. For the cities located around mid-latitude zone, the maximum levels of NO<inf>2</inf> and CO columns can be observed in the winter (November-March) and the minimum in the summer (June-September). On the contrary, the maximum levels for the cities near Equator zone are revealed in dry season (June-October). In the case of AODs, the maximum peaks normally occur during biomass burning season. Ground monitoring concentrations of NO<inf>2</inf>, CO, and PM<inf>10</inf> were also comparably analyzed with satellite NO<inf>2</inf> columns, CO columns, and AODs, respectively. Anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions were derived to investigate the consistency with satellite retrievals. The results show that satellite observations are able to capture the trend and seasonal variability of the emissions and ground concentrations. The model simulations were conducted using CMAQ model. Generally, simulated model results agree well with those retrieved from satellite measurements for spatial distribution and seasonal pattern. However, the modeled results underestimate satellite data probably due to the inaccuracy in emission inventories, the inaccuracy of spatial and temporal allocations, and the uncertainties in the satellite retrievals. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.