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Ineffective Online Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Higher Education
(2026-01-01)
Sitthiworachart, Jirarat
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Hong, Jon Chao
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Yanwar, Amanda Pradhani
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Prabowo, Thoriq Tri
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Suwanno, Phimpawee
The rapid shift to online learning during COVID-19 caused challenges in higher education. Many teachers and students lacked experience with online learning platforms and techniques. The factors why online learning was not effective during the COVID-19 pandemic are examined. A total of 302 questionnaires were collected using Google Form. The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS for item analysis, facet reliability and validity analysis, path analysis, direct and indirect effect analysis, and difference analysis. The effect of online learning flow, online learning cognitive load, and self-efficacy of online learning on unsuccessful online learning was revealed in this study. The result showed that: (1) greater levels of Self-efficacy of Online Learning on Human-system interaction (SOLH) and Self-efficacy of Online Learning on Content (SOLC) were significantly predict higher levels of Flow in Online Learning (FOL); (2) greater levels of Self-efficacy of Online Learning on Human-system interaction (SOLH) and Self-efficacy of Online Learning on Content (SOLC) were not significantly predict higher levels of Cognitive Load of Online Learning (CLOL); and (3) greater levels of Cognitive Load of Online Learning (CLOL) were significantly predicted higher levels of Online Learning Ineffectiveness (OLI). The online learning ineffectiveness can be reduced by decreasing the levels of cognitive load instead the learning flow.
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AHP approach for employee recruitment with COVID-19 situation in Thailand
(2026-01-01)
Narabin, Akan
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Boonjing, Veera
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Wuttanachamsri, Kanognudge
With the COVID-19 situation being unlike the usual, selecting an appropriate person for a job position requires the criteria and weight of each criterion be determined and adjusted to suit the crisis. The criteria chosen in this work are emphasised on selecting applicants who, while studying, have been in the midst of the COVID-19 situation. In this research, we employ analytic hierarchy process to assist the committee to have an agreement. In this study, each person in the committee can have his/her own pairwise comparison matrix of the criteria with a three-level hierarchical model. Some ambiguity may occur when initiating a hierarchical model; therefore, in this work, the criteria used in the three-level model are properly adjusted to create a four-level hierarchical model. The comparison inspected, provide some guidance in both theoretical manner and applications.
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The role of a vaccine booster for a fractional order model of the dynamic of COVID-19: a case study in Thailand
(2025-12-01)
Pongsumpun, Puntipa
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Pongsumpun, Puntani
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Tang, I. Ming
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Lamwong, Jiraporn
This article addresses the critical need for understanding the dynamics of COVID-19 transmission and the role of booster vaccinations in managing the pandemic. Despite widespread vaccination efforts, the emergence of new variants and the waning of immunity over time necessitate more effective strategies. A fractional-order mathematical model using Caputo-Fabrizio derivatives was developed to analyze the impact of booster doses, symptomatic and asymptomatic infections, and quarantine measures. The model incorporates real epidemic data from Thailand and includes a sensitivity analysis of parameters influencing disease spread. Numerical results indicate that booster vaccinations significantly reduce transmission rates, and the model’s predictions align well with the observed data. The basic reproduction number was determined to evaluate disease control, showing that a sustained vaccination campaign, including booster doses, is essential to maintaining immunity and controlling future outbreaks. The findings underscore the importance of ongoing vaccination efforts and provide a robust framework for policymakers to design effective strategies for pandemic control.
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Health Behavior and Emotional Responses of Thai National Team Athletes during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparative Study of Individual and Team Sports
(2025-08-01)
Pluemsamran, Theeratheeta
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Pariyavuth, Pariya
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Pochai, Nopparat
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Panurushthanon, Phichayavee
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Punthipayanon, Sirichet
Objectives: COVID-19 significantly impacted athletes’ health behavior and emotional well-being. Disruptions to training routines, competition schedules, and social structures raised concerns about psychological resilience, especially for elite athletes. In this study, we (1) adapted and validated the Emotional State Questionnaire (EST-Q-2) for Thai athletes, (2) examined the emotional responses and associated health behavior patterns of Thai national team athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic, and (3) compared emotional states between individual and team sport athletes. Methods: We surveyed 280 Thai national team athletes (146 male, 134 female) preparing for the 19th Asian Games. Participants completed the culturally adapted EST-Q-2, measuring 5 dimensions: depression, general anxiety, panic disorder, fatigue, and insomnia. We compared emotional responses by sport type. Results: The most prominent symptoms reported were fatigue and insomnia (M = 3.26), general anxiety (M = 2.84), depression (M = 2.35), and panic disorder (M = 2.17). We found no statistically significant differences between individual and team sport athletes across emotional dimensions. The adapted EST-Q-2 demonstrated strong reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.80). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic adversely affected the emotional states and health behavior of Thai national athletes, with high levels of fatigue and sleep disturbances. The lack of significant differences between sport types indicates a universal psychological impact, underscoring the need for targeted mental health interventions regardless of sport category.
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The adoption of online food delivery in facing COVID-19 among the Indonesian food MSMEs
(2025-06-01)
Yasirandi, Rahmat
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Thanasopon, Bundit
This study investigates the factors influencing the Indonesian food micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in adopting online food delivery (OFD) during the corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, by employing the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework. Through a quantitative approach involving 378 respondents, this research explores the multi-dimensional factors affecting OFD service adoption, there are innovation compatibility, innovation complexity (IC), innovation cost, owner’s self-efficacy, owner’s commitment, customer pressure (CSP), competitive pressure (CMP), government support (GS), and health protocol guarantee. Employing covariance-based structural equation modeling (CBSEM), the study reveals interesting relationships among the proposed factors. The findings underscore the role of GS and health protocol guarantees in enhancing owner's self-efficacy and commitment towards OFD adoption. Moreover, it challenges the presumed barriers of IC, suggesting a nuanced understanding of adoption process amid a crisis. This study not only enriches the theoretical discourse on technology adoption in the context of a pandemic but also provides practical implications for stakeholders in navigating the post-pandemic business landscape. Future research directions are proposed to explore the continuous intention of food MSMEs towards OFD services postpandemic, highlighting the evolving nature of the global business environment and the enduring impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food industries.
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Enhancing Teaching and Supervisory Staff’s Creative Problem-Solving Skills
(2025-05-20)
Charoentham, Mai
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Kantathanawat, Thiyaporn
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Pimdee, Paitoon
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Apisuksakul, Kwantisara
This research analyzed creative problem-solving (CPS) components and examined the perceptions of Thai educational personnel regarding their CPS abilities. The sample consisted of 534 primary school teachers and educational supervisors during the 2024 academic year, selected through multistage random sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire assessing CPS skills, which were then analyzed using means (M), standard deviations (SD), and second-order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The research revealed that the second-order CFA model for CPS among educational personnel (teachers and supervisors) consists of five key components. Ranked from highest to lowest, these were educators' perceptions of their CPS abilities to solve problems (SOL) (M = 4.23, SD = 0.54), ability to identify problems (IDE) (M = 4.17, SD = 0.57), ability to create knowledge (CRE) (M = 4.17, SD = 0.59), ability to discover concepts (INS) (M = 4.12, SD = 0.58), and ability to discover methods to solve problems (MET) (M = 4.11, SD = 0.58). The model strongly aligned with empirical data, indicating that all three models exhibited positive component weights (β) that were statistically significant at the .01 level. This finding underscores the strength of the CPS framework for educational personnel. These findings provide compelling evidence for the effectiveness of the proposed model in assessing and enhancing CPS skills among educational professionals, contributing valuable insights to both practice and future research in this field. This study fills a gap in the literature by providing empirical evidence on the CPS capabilities of educational personnel.
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Association of Coronavirus Infection with Higher Mortality Rate and Longer Hospital Stay in Patients with Major Extremity Fractures
(2025-04-30)
Chawla, Ashwin
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Angthong, Chayanin
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Ratta-Apha, Khanatchet
BACKGROUND: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly affected healthcare systems, raising concerns about patient outcomes, particularly for those with coexisting conditions. Despite various studies on orthopedic injuries during the COVID-19 pandemic, differences in treatment outcomes remain insufficiently known. This retrospective cohort study investigated the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on patients with major extremity fractures requiring surgery. We hypothesized that patients with COVID-19 would experience longer hospital stays (LOS) and higher mortality rates. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data from 500 patients (mean age 47.1 years; 69.8% male) admitted to our hospital between March 2020 and July 2022 were analyzed. We collected demographic data, COVID-19 test results, fracture-related data, LOS, and mortality-related data. RESULTS: Of the patients, 23 (4.6%) had COVID-19. While overall LOS showed no significant prolongation in patients with COVID-19, a significantly longer LOS was observed for patients with COVID-19 and lower extremity fractures (14.62 vs. 11.39 days, p<0.00001) and upper extremity fractures (11.90 vs. 5.73 days, p=0.0271). CONCLUSIONS: 1. Patients with COVID-19 exhibited a markedly longer LOS than those without COVID-19, with this effect being more pronounced in patients with lower extremity fractures. 2. When all patients had major extremity fractures, patients with COVID-19 had a significantly higher mortality rate than those with out COVID-19.
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Assessing the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19 on 64 notifiable infectious diseases in Australia: A Bayesian Structural Time Series model
(2025-03-01)
Haque, Shovanur
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Lambert, Stephen B.
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Mengersen, Kerrie
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Barr, Ian G.
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Wang, Liping
Background: Several studies have examined the effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on COVID-19 and other infectious diseases in Australia and globally. However, to our knowledge none have sufficiently explored their impact on other infectious diseases with robust time series model. In this study, we aimed to use Bayesian Structural Time Series model (BSTS) to systematically assess the impact of NPIs on 64 National Notifiable Infectious Diseases (NNIDs) by conducting a comprehensive and comparative analysis across eight disease categories within each Australian state and territory, as well as nationally. Methods: Monthly data on 64 NNIDs from eight categories were obtained from the Australian National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System. The incidence rates for each infectious disease in 2020 were compared with the 2015–2019 average and then with the expected rates in 2020 using a BSTS model. The study investigated the causal effects of 2020 interventions and analysed the impact of government policy restrictions at the national level from January 2020 to December 2022. Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic interventions in Australia, there was a 38 % (95 % Credible Interval [CI] [9 %, 54 %]) overall relative reduction in incidence reported across all disease categories compared to the 2015–2019 average. Significant reductions were observed in bloodborne diseases: 20 % (95 % CI [10 %, 29 %]), respiratory diseases: 79 % (95 % CI [52 %, 91 %]), and zoonoses: 8 % (95 % CI [1 %, 17 %]). Conversely, vector-borne diseases increased by 9 % over the same period. Reductions and intervention effects varied by state and territory, with higher policy stringency linked to fewer cases for some diseases. Conclusions: COVID-19 NPIs also impacted the transmission of other infectious diseases, with varying effects across regions reflecting diverse outcomes in response strategies throughout Australia. The findings could inform public health strategies and provide scientific evidence to support the development of early warning systems for future disease outbreaks.
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Fungal Co-infections and COVID-19: A Global Overview of Regional Trends, Risk Factors and Response Strategies
(2025-01-01)
Mphande, Fingani Annie
Fungal infections are one of the important but often neglected infections in humans with distribution worldwide. Approximately 1 in 8 individuals globally are affected by fungal diseases. A global increase in fungal co-infections has been reported in several regions between 1990 and 2021. Fungal infections affect the health, livelihood and quality of life with approximately 66.7% disability adjusted life years (DALYs) with a standardized DALY of 7789.55 per 100,000 population. Apart from cutaneous infections, a more severe and often fatal form of fungal disease is invasive fungal infections (IFI). These IFIs affect various organs with the ability to spread to other parts of the body. Aspergillus spp., Mucor spp., Rhizopus spp. and Candida spp. were the most common species reported with increased morbidity and mortality observed in severely ill patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Current diagnostic approaches remain a challenge especially in limited resource settings affecting accurate diagnosis and timely treatment. This chapter will focus on fungal infections reported during and after the COVID-19 pandemic in all the WHO regions. Associated underlying diseases, treatment and response will also be discussed. The chapter will also explore policies on fungal infection prevention and control and their implementation globally. Strategies including optimal diagnostic approaches, routine screening and timely initiation of antifungal therapy will be analyzed.
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Outbreak preparedness and response strategies in ASEAN member states: a scoping review
(2024-09-01)
Mphande-Nyasulu, Fingani Annie
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Yap, Nan Jiun
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Teo, Chin Hai
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Chang, Li Yen
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Tay, Sun Tee
Objectives: The 21<sup>st</sup> century has witnessed significant disease outbreaks with severe impact in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries, including SARS, H1N1, H5N1, and COVID-19. This review aimed to compile and analyze outbreak preparedness and response strategies, highlighting the success of coordinated multi-sectoral approaches and policy responses within the ASEAN region. Methods: The protocol for this review was registered on the Open Science Framework and PROSPERO. A systematic analysis of publications from the 2002-2022 period was conducted following PRISMA guidelines on 4522 records retrieved from PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus. The titles and abstracts were screened, and 229 articles were selected for full-text screening. Finally, 34 articles were included in this review. Results: Four preparedness pillars were identified: governance and stewardship, disease detection, disease prevention, and health care management. The pillars were crucial in preparing for and responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. Coordinated responses among the ASEAN countries and local and international stakeholders were reported. Conclusions: The findings emphasize that understanding the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases is paramount for effective disease prevention, surveillance, and timely response efforts to prevent the next pandemic. A well-coordinated multi-country and multi-agency policy response and understanding the different disease management models are crucial in addressing future outbreaks in the region. Future post-pandemic publications will shed more light on lessons learned and preparedness and response plans for future pandemics.

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