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Subject: search.filters.subject.Methyl bromide

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    Quality change on holy basil after fumigation with insecticidal essential oil formula from clove and cinnamon
    (2018-04-04)
    Pumnuan, J.
    ;
    Khurnpoon, L.
    ;
    Insung, A.
    The essential oil formula from clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum bejolghota) at the ratio of 1:3 (Cl1Ci3) has been recently considered as an effective alternative fumigant against thrips (Thrips palmi) and aphid (Aphis gossypii), which are the major pests attacking exported holy basil (Ocimum sanctum) in Thailand. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the C1Ci3 formula used as fumigant on physical quality of holy basil compared to methyl bromide application. The percentage of insect mortality and change in L*, a* and b* values, as well as weight loss of holy basil, were determined. All fumigations in this study were conducted using the formula Cl1Ci3 at the concentrations of 0.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mL m<sup>-3</sup> for 2 h with 15-min air circulation in 1 m<sup>3</sup> fumigation chamber and compared to methyl bromide at 20 g m<sup>-3</sup> (recommended concentration). The observations of insect mortality were conducted at 24 h after treatment. The holy basil samples were evaluated prior to the treatments, immediately after the treatments, and after 3 and 6 days at 25±1°C. The methyl bromide fumigation showed 100% mortality of all insects and its efficacy was significantly higher than that of the Cl1Ci3 formula (73.9-96.0%). Leaf burning was observed immediately after methyl bromide fumigations. On the other hand, no significant physiological changes were observed on plants fumigated with the Cl1Ci3 formula, as compared to the control.
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    Insecticidal activity of essential oil formulas and their physiological effects on eggplant
    (2017-05-01)
    Pumnuan, Jarongsak
    ;
    Khurnpoon, Lampan
    ;
    Insung, Ammorn
    This study examined fumigation toxicity of 18 medicinal plant essential oils (EOs) against adult of aphid (Aphid gossypii) and whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). Then, non-target effects of the EO mixtures on physiological changes of eggplant (Solanum melongena) were tested. The insecticidal property and physiological toxicity of the fumigation formulas were also examined and compared to methyl bromide (MB) fumigation. The results showed that the eggplant fumigated with clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) EOs mixture at the ratio of 1:3 (Cl1Le3) showed no significant physiological changes when compared to the control treatment. The formula resulted in similarly high mortalities (82-100%) of both insects when compared to MB. However, MB fumigation caused complete senescence appeared before day 3 observations. On the contrary, the eggplant fumigated with Cl1Le3 at 3 μL/L air showed no differences in the physiological changes when compared to the control throughout the 9-day examinations.
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    Effects of insecticidal essential oil fumigations on physiological changes in cut Dendrobium sonia orchid flower
    (2015-09-01)
    Pumnuan, Jarongsak
    ;
    Khurnpoon, Lampan
    ;
    Insung, Ammorn
    This study investigated essential oil (EO) formulas with high insecticidal properties, but low physiological impacts on cut Dendrobium Sonia orchid flower. Fumigation toxicities of EOs from 18 medicinal plants at 2.0 and 3.0 μl/L air were examined against adults of thrips (Frankliniella schultzei) and larvae of mealybug (Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi). The effective EO mixtures, optimal concentrations fumigation and air circulation periods were investigated. Then, field experiments were conducted, and changes in L*, a* and b* values, percentages of weight loss and anthocyanin contents of the EO-fumigated flower were observed and compared to the methyl bromide and control fumigations. The results showed that clove and cinnamon demonstrated high insecticidal properties against the insects (>85% mortality) and low physiological changes in the flower. In particular, fumigations with 2.0 μl/L air of a mixture between clove and cinnamon EOs (1:3) for 3 hr with 15- min air circulation demonstrated the highest thrips and mealybug mortalities (92.2 and 74.6%, respectively). The EO fumigation formula presented less impact on color change and anthocyanin content than methyl bromide fumigation which showed higher reduction of anthocyanin content (22.9 mg/100g FW) when compared to the control (13.6 mg/100g FW). The percentages of weight loss in the flower fumigated with EO, control and methyl bromide were about 10.4, 7.9 and 14.8%, respectively. In general, applications of EO at higher concentrations resulted in higher insect mortalities and more impacts on physiological changes which involved anthocyanin degradation and higher percentages of weight loss. Further studies might consider applications of clove and cinnamon EO formulas via other methods. In addition, revisions of the EO mixture can also be examined in order to obtain the most effective and environment friendly insect management approach.