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    Utilization of ladle furnace slag and fly ash as partially replacement of cement
    (2025-03-01)
    Thwe, Khin Sam
    ;
    Ayawanna, Jiratchaya
    ;
    Mase, Lindung Zalbuin
    ;
    Chaiyaput, Salisa
    Ladle Furnace Slag (LFS) and fly ash (FA) are industrial waste products commonly deposited in landfills, while the cement industry is a major source of carbon dioxide (CO<inf>2</inf>) emissions. Previous research has explored using LFS and FA as cement replacement materials to help mitigate environmental impacts. Yet, no studies have explored combining LFS and FA as cement replacement materials. Therefore, this research highlights the study of the combination of LFS and FA mixes as a partial cement replacement. The mix design for cement replacement materials was developed by combining ordinary Portland cement (OPC), LFS, and FA in the following weight ratios: 10:10:80, 20:20:60, and 30:30:40. These mix designs were assessed in comparison to 100%OPC (% by weight), evaluating key properties (bulk density, specific gravity, normal consistency, setting time, compressive strength, flexural strength, and microstructural characteristics). According to the findings, incorporating LFS and FA, both pozzolanic materials effectively improved the strength of the material by promoting a pozzolanic reaction, particularly during the final stages of curing. Furthermore, it was found that a mixed design containing 20% OPC, 20% LFS, and 60% FA demonstrated suitable properties for cement replacement in various applications, with beneficial results in terms of setting time and strength development. From X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscope (SEM analysis), C-S-H gel, as well as Ca(OH)<inf>2</inf> and Mg(OH)<inf>2</inf> chemical compounds, were formulated. The aforementioned replacement is being used to promote environmental sustainability through the efficient use of industrial byproducts.
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    Performance evaluation of developed mixed cement containing asphalt waste dust and class-C fly ash in sulfate salt solution test
    (2024-12-01)
    Sertsoongnern, Pimchanok
    ;
    Ayawanna, Jiratchaya
    ;
    Chaiyaput, Salisa
    The performance of newly developed cement mixes comprising asphalt waste dust and fly ash for construction in areas with high sulfate salt content was evaluated in this study. In comparison to 100% Ordinary Portland cement Type 1 (OPC), mixes of 50 wt% OPC with 20 wt% asphalt waste dust and 30 wt% fly ash, as well as 50 wt% OPC with 50 wt% fly ash, were tested over a 30- and 90-day comparative study in magnesium sulfate solution, respectively. The compressive strength, weight change, and expansion of mixed cement samples are investigated through chemical, phase, and microstructural studies. The replacement of 50% OPC with fly ash and asphalt waste dust prevented the samples from expanding and cracking in the sulfate salt solution during the 90-day test period. By using fly ash at less than 50 wt% in combination with asphalt waste dust, a dense microstructure was obtained, inhibiting the formation of the harmful magnesium silicate hydrate phase and the degradation of strength in the mixed cement samples.
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    The use of asphalt waste dust for stabilization of sustainable pavement recycling
    (2024-10-04)
    Ayawanna, Jiratchaya
    ;
    Suksawat, Taweephong
    ;
    Sertsoongnern, Pimchanok
    ;
    Chaiyaput, Salisa
    The asphalt waste dust as a sustainable material for stabilizing pavement recycling, which is cold in-place recycling (consists of reclaimed asphalt pavement, crushed rock aggregate base, and ordinary Portland cement), was presented in this study. To understand the effect of asphalt waste dust on stabilizing pavement recycling, 10–30 wt% asphalt waste dust was added and compared with the behavior of pure old-asphalt pavement material and old-asphalt pavement material mixed with 3.5 % OPC. The compaction test, unconfined compressive strength test (UCS), indirect tensile strength tests (IDT), and scanning electron microscope analysis were conducted under various mixing conditions. The addition of asphalt waste dust up to 20 wt% achieved desirable results of UCS and IDT involved with microstructural development, which were beyond the standard requirements of the base course from the Department of Rural Roads and the Department of Highway. A maximum of 20 wt% asphalt waste dust can be utilized for practical use with pavement recycling in the base course.
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    Utilization of ladle furnace slag from a steelwork for stabilization of soil cement
    (2022-10-25)
    Ayawanna, Jiratchaya
    ;
    Kingnoi, Namthip
    ;
    Sukchaisit, Ochakkraphat
    ;
    Chaiyaput, Salisa
    Ladle furnace (LF) slag, waste from the steel-making process, was incorporated to improve the compressive strength of soil cement. LF slag was mixed to replace the cement in the soil-cement samples with wt% ratio 20:0, 15:5, and 10:10 of cement and slag, respectively. LF slag in the range of 5, 10, and 20 wt% was also separately added to the 20-wt% cement-treated soil samples. The soil-cement mixed LF slag samples were incubated in a plastic wrapping for 7, 14, and 28 days. The strength of soil cement was highly developed to be higher than the standard acceptable value (0.6 MPa) after incorporating slag into soil cement. The mixing of LF slag resulted in more hydration products for bonding soil particles, and hence improved the strength of soil cement. With the LF slag mixing either a replacement or additive materials in soil cement, the LF slag to cement ratio is considered to be less than 1, while the cement content should be more than 10 wt%. This is to promote a predominant effect of cement hydration by preventing the partially absorbed water on slag particles and keeping sufficient water content for the cement hydration in soil cement.
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    Effect of polymer and Portland cement on strengthen crushed rock for pavement base
    (2019-01-01)
    Chaiyaput, S.
    ;
    Bergado, D. T.
    ;
    Ayawanna, J.
    The effect of concurrent use of liquid polymer and Portland cement as a reinforced material in crushed rock pavement base was investigated in this work. The strength of polymer-treated crushed rock (treated crushed rock) and ordinary crushed rock (untreated crushed rock) were characterized and compared. In strength analysis, the California bearing ratios (CBR) of untreated and treated crushed rock were determined under unsoaked and soaked conditions to simulate post-flood pavement damage. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) was evaluated under unsoaked conditions for 2h, 1-day, 3-day, 7-day, and 28-day curing periods. The results showed that the CBR of untreated and treated crushed rock under soaked and unsoaked conditions were positively correlated with dry density. The CBR under the unsoaked condition of untreated crushed rock was identical to that of treated crushed rock. Meanwhile, under the soaked condition, the CBR of treated crushed rock was twice as higher than the untreated crushed rock. The swelling indices were 0% for both untreated and treated samples. The UCS of treated crushed rock showed positively correlation with the curing time. The use of liquid polymer and Portland cement, therefore, improved the strength of crushed rock pavement base in which effectively mitigate the post-flood pavement damage.