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    Alpha-amylase inhibitory activity of collagen hydrolysate from Asian bullfrog skin and its application in dark chocolate
    (2024-01-01)
    Indriani, Sylvia
    ;
    Benjakul, Soottawat
    ;
    Sitanggang, Azis Boing
    ;
    Karnjanapratum, Supatra
    ;
    Nalinanon, Sitthipong
    The present study aimed to investigate the in-vitro antidiabetic activity of collagen hydrolysate (CH) from Asian bullfrog skin and its application as a bioactive compound in dark chocolate bars. Papain (3% [w/w]) was used to obtain CH with a simultaneous conjunction of ultrasound. CH possessed α-amylase inhibitory activity with an IC<inf>50</inf> value of 3.60 mg/mL, while results from inhibition reaction kinetics revealed that CH inhibited α-amylase in a non-competitive mode. Different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0% [w/w]) of CH were then fortified into dark chocolate bars, and the physicochemical characteristics, breaking strength, and rheological behaviour of the resulting chocolate were investigated and compared with a control (without CH addition). A higher level of CH significantly enhanced antidiabetic activity against α-amylase (p ≤ 0.05) in chocolate bar. Chocolate bar with 2% CH complied with the nutritional claim requirement for ‘source of protein’ with lower fat content and energy value, while sensory evaluation revealed good organoleptic properties.
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    Amphibian Skin and Skin Secretion: An Exotic Source of Bioactive Peptides and Its Application
    (2023-03-01)
    Indriani, Sylvia
    ;
    Karnjanapratum, Supatra
    ;
    Nirmal, Nilesh Prakash
    ;
    Nalinanon, Sitthipong
    Amphibians have been consumed as an alternative protein source all around the world due to their delicacy. The skin of edible amphibians, particularly frogs and giant salamanders, always goes to waste without further utilization. However, these wastes can be utilized to extract protein and bioactive peptides (BPs). Various BPs have been extracted and reported for numerous biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, etc. The main BPs identified were brevinins, bombesins, dermaseptins, esculentins, magainin, temporins, tigerinins, and salamandrins. This review provides a comprehensive discussion on various BPs isolated and identified from different amphibian skins or skin secretion and their biological activities. The general nutritional composition and production statues of amphibians were described. Additionally, multiple constraints against the utilization of amphibian skin and secretions are reported. Finally, the prospective applications of BPs in food and biomedical industries are presented such as multifunctional food additives and/or supplements as well as drug delivery agents.