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    Item type:Publication,
    Ethanol impacts on fuel supply parts of gasoline engines in Thailand
    (2009-01-01) ;
    Buanak, Kalong
    ;
    In Thailand, gasoline mixtures with 85% ethanol by volume so called E85 recently available with guaranteed lower selling price are expected to replace the former types of gasoline. The looming change leads to certain concerns on material compatibility with E85 for automobiles deliberately not designed to run by the blends. Fluid immersion tests complying with SAE and ASTM standard were performed to the parts. The metallic and polymeric parts were submersed in test fluids inside an oven in which temperature had been maintained at 55 ± 2°C for at least 2000 hours. Weekly collected data, i.e. physical appearances and physical properties, were statistical evaluated for parts' compatibility to E85 by comparing the data to those collected derived from the other parts submersed in E10 test fluid. A significant level of differences indicates incompatibility of a part with an assumption that the part is already compatible with E10. Copyright © 2009 SAE International.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Consolidation of aluminum powder during extrusion
    (2008-07-01)
    Dabhade, Vikram V.
    ;
    ;
    Misiolek, Wojciech Z.
    A study was conducted to show the consolidation of various grades of aluminum powder to pore-free density by extrusion. Powder metallurgy compacts are subjected to extrusion to provide the desired shape to the product and modify the microstructure to improve mechanical properties. Consolidation of the precompacted powders occurs primarily within the constraint of the extrusion container prior to extrusion. 2D and 3D density/porosity contour maps of precompacted powder billets at various levels of extrusion, and extrudates from each powder grade, reflect similar stages of consolidation behavior, independent of the characteristics of the aluminum powder. Microindentation hardness levels of extrudates attained steady-state values at essentially the same extrudate distance in the three grades of aluminum powder. However, the distance in breakthrough pressure is a result of different powder flow characteristics, which are influenced primarily by particle shape and not particle size.