Saingam, Panumas

Preferred name

Saingam, Panumas

Main Affiliation

School of Engineering

panumas.sa@kmitl.ac.th

Now showing 1 - 10 of 19

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Innovative Approaches to RC Deep Beam Strengthening: Evaluating Low-Cost Glass Fiber Wraps Against Traditional CFRP Solutions
(2025-03-01)
Saingam, Panumas
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Ejaz, Ali
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Gadagamma, Chaitanya Krishna
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Hussain, Qudeer
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Sua-iam, Gritsada
This study evaluates the performance of lightweight aggregate deep beams strengthened with low-cost glass fiber-reinforced polymer composite (Lo-G) wraps as an alternative to expensive synthetic fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs). The investigation includes side-bonded and fully wrapped configurations of Lo-G wraps, alongside carbon FRP (CFRP) strips for comparison. The experimental results show that epoxy-based anchors provided significantly better resistance against de-bonding than mechanical anchors, improving beam performance. Strengthening with Lo-G wraps resulted in a peak capacity increase of 17.0% to 46.9% for side-bonded beams in Group 2, 10.5% to 41.4% for fully wrapped beams in the strip configuration in Group 3, and 15.4% to 42.7% for CFRP strips in Group 4. The ultimate deflection and dissipated energy were also improved, with dissipated energy increases of up to 264.6%, 322.3%, and 222.7% for side-bonded and fully wrapped Lo-G wraps and CFRP strips, respectively. The side-bonded configuration with two or three Lo-G wraps, supplemented by epoxy wraps, outperformed fully wrapped 250 mm strips in peak capacity, with peak capacity improvements of up to 46.9%. However, beams with mechanical anchors showed poor performance due to premature debonding. They rely on friction and expansion within the concrete to resist pull-out forces. If the surrounding concrete is not strong enough or if the anchor is not properly installed, it can lead to failure. Additionally, reducing strip spacing negatively impacted performance. Lo-G wraps showed an 8.5% higher peak capacity and 32.8% greater dissipated energy compared to CFRP strips. Despite these improvements, while Lo-G wraps are a cost-effective alternative, their long-term performance remains to be investigated. None of the existing models accurately predicted the shear strength contribution of Lo-G wraps, as the lower elastic modulus and tensile strength led to high deviations in prediction-to-experimental ratios, underscoring the need for new models to assess shear strength.
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Cost-effective FRP solutions for enhancing strength and strain of sustainable concrete made with waste tyre rubber
(2026-12-01)
Saingam, Panumas
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Chatveera, Burachat
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Hussain, Qudeer
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Sua-iam, Gritsada
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Chaimahawan, Preeda
This study investigates the compressive behavior and analytical modeling of natural and rubberized concretes confined with cost-effective glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) jackets. Forty-two cylindrical specimens were tested under axial compression, including natural aggregate concrete (NAC) and rubberized concretes (RuC) prepared with 20% fine aggregate replacement using coarse (2.0 mm) and fine (0.425 mm) waste tire rubber. Both full and strip GFRP wrapping configurations with two, four, and six layers were examined. The results showed that GFRP confinement substantially enhanced both strength and ductility, transforming brittle failure into a gradual, energy-absorbing response. Full wrapping produced up to 63% and 90% strength increases for NAC and rubberized concretes, respectively, with ultimate strain gains exceeding 1300% in the fine-rubber mix. Strip wrapping achieved moderate yet significant improvements while offering material savings. Analytical models were developed for both concrete types to predict confined stress–strain behavior, achieving strong correlations (R2 = 0.84–0.99) between predicted and experimental data. The derived regression-based formulations successfully captured the influence of confinement pressure, rubber content, and wrapping configuration. These findings demonstrate that GFRP provides an economical and sustainable confinement solution for enhancing the performance of rubberized concrete in structural and retrofitting applications.
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Influence of recycled electronic waste fiber on the mechanical and durability characteristics of eco-friendly self-consolidating mortar incorporating recycled glass aggregate
(2025-07-01)
Saingam, Panumas
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Chatveera, Burachat
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Roopchalaem, Jutatip
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Hussain, Qudeer
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Ejaz, Ali
In the paper, the sustainable production of eco-friendly self-consolidating mortar (SCM) is explored with waste glass as a partial and complete substitution for fine aggregate owing to crucial environmental concerns. For that, the waste glass was replaced at 0 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, and 100 %, while electronic waste fibers were added at 5, 10, and 15 % levels. Results showed that mini slump flow values varied between 233 mm and 263 mm, which confirmed the self-consolidating properties of the material even at 100 % replacement of fine aggregates and an addition of 15 % fiber. The increase in waste glass replacement reduced compressive strength; notably, a 30 % decrease was identified at the maximum substitution level of 100 %. Meanwhile, the mixtures incorporating 5 % fibers demonstrated the highest compressive strength at all maturation periods and replacement levels, even more markedly than the control mixture. The water absorption also increased significantly with increasing waste glass levels, up to 28.87 % at 100 % replacement, indicating increased porosity. Thermal conductivity decreased substantially, ranging from 1.97 W/mK for the control to 1.39 W/mK for 100 % replacement, which could be considered an improvement in insulation properties. These results show the possibility of using waste glass and electronic waste fibers to develop green SCM with enhanced thermal insulation and optimized mechanical properties.
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Synergistic effect of recycled E-waste fiber and polyvinyl alcohol on the properties of green concrete incorporating recycled concrete aggregate
(2025-10-01)
Chatveera, Burachat
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Ejaz, Ali
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Hanif, Muhammad Adnan
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Saingam, Panumas
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Hussain, Qudeer
The growing demand for sustainable construction highlights the need for innovative concrete solutions using waste materials. Although recycled concrete aggregate (RCA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and recycled electronic waste fibers (E-waste fibers) have been studied individually, their combined effects remain underexplored. This study addresses this gap by investigating the synergistic effects of coarse RCA (CRCA) and E-waste fibers on the fresh, mechanical, durability, thermal, and economic properties of green concrete. Fly ash replaced 20 % of cement, and PVA was added at 1 % by cement weight. Results showed that increasing CRCA content reduced workability and strength due to porosity. However, incorporating 4.5 % E-waste fibers significantly improved mechanical performance by bridging microcracks. Higher fiber contents negatively affected durability and workability. Thermal conductivity decreased with more CRCA and fibers, enhancing insulation. Economic analysis confirmed that 4.5 % E-waste fiber offers cost-effective performance. This study supports the sustainable use of electronic and construction waste in concrete.
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Predicting Flexural Strength of FRP-Strengthened Waste Aggregate Concrete Beams with Machine Learning: A Step Towards Sustainability
(2026-04-01)
Sangthongtong, Arissaman
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Chatveera, Burachat
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Sua-iam, Gritsada
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Nawaz, Adnan
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Mehmood, Tahir
Using waste materials in the manufacture of concrete has many environmental advantages. However, it can be difficult to estimate structural performance, especially when beams are reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP). In order to provide a data-driven approach to sustainable structural design, this work explores the use of machine learning (ML) approaches to forecast the flexural strength of FRP-strengthened waste aggregate concrete beams. A total number of 92 experimental datasets were used to develop and assess four ML algorithms: Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree (DT), Neural Network (NN), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). Regression plots, Taylor diagrams, statistical measures (R2R^2R2, RMSE, MAE, MSE), and explainable AI (XAI) tools, including SHAP, LIME, and partial dependence plots (PDPs), were used to evaluate the model’s performance. RF outperformed NN in terms of predictive accuracy, while XGBoost exhibited similar performance to RF. The most significant predictors, according to a SHAP analysis, were beam length and fiber length, with the lower followed by steel tensile strength, fiber width, and concrete compressive strength. LIME offered local interpretability for individual predictions, but PDPs demonstrated optimal parameter ranges and a nonlinear feature strength relationship. The findings provide engineers with a strong decision-support tool for designing green infrastructure, since they show that ensemble-based models can accurately represent the intricate, nonlinear dynamics controlling flexural behavior in sustainable FRP-strengthened waste aggregate concrete beams.
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Sustainable Reinforcement Methods for Brick Masonry Walls: An Experimental and Finite Element Analysis Approach
(2025-07-01)
Mehmood, Tahir
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Abid, Muhammad Amer
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Chatveera, Burachat
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Sua-Iam, Gritsada
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Saingam, Panumas
This study investigates the enhancement of axial and shear strength in brick masonry walls reinforced with steel and fiberglass meshes. The novelty of this study lies in its thorough evaluation of various reinforcement types and their influence on both axial and shear strength, offering valuable insights to enhance the performance of brick masonry structures. By using steel and fiberglass meshes for reinforcement, the study promotes the use of durable materials that can extend the lifespan of brick masonry structures, reducing the need for frequent repairs and replacements. The findings reveal that double-layer steel mesh delivers the highest strength, effectively reducing brittleness and improving deformation capacity in both single- and double-brick walls. Specifically, single-brick walls exhibited increases in compressive strength of 38.8% with single-layer steel mesh, 31.2% with fiberglass mesh, and 19.7% with plaster. In contrast, double-brick walls showed enhancements of 73.6% with double-layer steel mesh and 43.5% with fiberglass mesh. For shear strength, single-brick walls improved by 115.1% with single-layer steel mesh, 91.3% with fiberglass mesh, and 42.1% with plaster, while double-brick walls experienced increases of 162.7% with double-layer steel mesh and 132.5% with fiberglass mesh. Additionally, Abaqus modeling under axial and diagonal compression closely matched experimental results, revealing less than a 10% discrepancy across all reinforcement types.
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Development of self-compacting mortar incorporating calcium carbonate and waste garnet: Workability, strength, and fire durability assessment
(2026-06-01)
Chatveera, Burachat
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Ejaz, Ali
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Chintanapakdee, Chatpan
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Saingam, Panumas
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Hussain, Qudeer
The excessive consumption of natural sand and cement in mortar production raises environmental concerns, underscoring the need for sustainable alternatives. While the separate use of cementitious and fine aggregate substitutes has been studied, their combined effects in self-compacting mortar (SCM) remain underexplored. This study addresses this gap by investigating SCM mixes incorporating calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) as a partial cement substitute (0–20%) and waste garnet (0–100%) as a fine aggregate replacement. A total of 18 mixes were evaluated for their fresh properties, mechanical performance, durability, and residual properties after elevated-temperature exposure. The results showed that the mix with 10% CaCO₃ and 60% waste garnet exhibited the best overall performance, achieving approximately 66 MPa compressive strength and 8.1 MPa flexural strength at 90 days, representing up to a 15% improvement over the control. Water absorption was reduced to 2.42% at 90 days, while improved resistance under acidic conditions was observed, with only 7.71% mass loss after 180 days of exposure to 5% H₂SO₄ solution. Furthermore, the optimized mix retained over 65% of its compressive strength after exposure to 600 °C, indicating good residual mechanical performance at elevated temperatures. Microstructural analysis revealed a dense and cohesive matrix with a refined pore structure. These findings suggest that the combined use of CaCO₃ and waste garnet can provide a potentially eco-efficient approach for producing high-performance SCM. The improved workability, strength, and durability indicate potential suitability for applications such as repair mortars and precast elements, where both flowability and long-term performance are required.
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Enhancing the flexural response of RC one-way slabs using low cost fiberglass chopped mat sheets and anchors
(2025-07-01)
Yooprasertchai, Ekkachai
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Ejaz, Ali
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Chatveera, Burachat
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Sua-iam, Gritsada
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Hussain, Qudeer
This study experimentally evaluated the effectiveness of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) and Fabric Cementitious Matrix (FCSM) sheets in enhancing the structural performance of one-way reinforced concrete slabs under three-point bending. Fourteen slabs were tested, considering key variables such as the number of FCSM sheets, type, size, and spacing of anchors to mitigate debonding. Results revealed that slabs strengthened with FCSM sheets and epoxy anchors demonstrated peak capacity improvements of up to 151 %, while mechanical anchors yielded a peak improvement of 95 %. Epoxy anchors also enhanced energy dissipation by up to 222 %, surpassing the 76 % maximum improvement observed with mechanical anchors. However, slabs with more than two FCSM layers required robust anchorage systems to maintain increased capacity without significant drops due to debonding. Slabs with epoxy anchors showed higher peak capacities but were more prone to abrupt post-peak losses than those with mechanical anchors. These findings underline the critical role of anchor type and configuration in optimizing the flexural and energy dissipation performance of strengthened slabs, providing valuable insights for sustainable and effective retrofitting strategies. Finite element modeling of slabs strengthened with FCSM, assuming no debonding, was carried out using ATENA software. The adopted modeling approach yielded slightly overestimated predictions of ultimate loads. As this represents initial research in the field, further investigations are recommended to develop more accurate and refined constitutive laws for FCSM to enhance the reliability of FEM simulations.
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Advancing Masonry Engineering: Effective Prediction of Prism Strength via Machine Learning Techniques
(2026-04-01)
Saingam, Panumas
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Chatveera, Burachat
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Nawaz, Adnan
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Ali, Muhammad Hassan
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Choudhary, Sandeerah
Masonry buildings have shaped construction history since about 6500 BCE. They offer durability, strength, and cost effectiveness, especially in developing countries. Yet assessing compressive strength during construction remains challenging due to the constituent materials soil, cement, and stone, complicating standardization worldwide. In the present study, an innovative model based on a machine learning algorithm is put forth to predict the compressive strengths of prisms. Some important factors considered as input to the algorithm based on traditional methods are the brick and mortar strengths, prism geometry, mortar bed thickness, and empirically derived height-to-thickness (t) (h/t) ratios. Three different ANN algorithms are coded and trained on the input data, and they are based on the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm, the resilient backpropagation algorithm, and the conjugate gradient algorithm. The optimal ANN model trained using the conjugate gradient Polak–Ribière algorithm (traincgp) achieves superior performance, with R2 = 0.9881, R2 = 0.9927, RMSE = 0.9914 MPa, MAE = 0.6039 MPa, MAPE = 20.9141%, VAF = 0.9881, and WI = 0.9970. Sensitivity analysis shows the height-to-thickness (h/t) ratio is the dominant influence on compressive strength, consistent with structural mechanics. The primary contributions are the systematically curated, richly parameterized dataset and its use to produce robust, physically interpretable predictions with established ANN methods.
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Evaluating Failure Patterns and Bursting Loads in Concrete Segmental Bridge Piers: A Comprehensive Study
(2025-06-01)
Suparp, Suniti
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Ejaz, Ali
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Gadagamma, Chaitanya Krishna
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Saingam, Panumas
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Hussain, Qudeer
This study presented an experimental and numerical investigation focused on pier segments of segmental bridge types. The pier segments were constructed to represent Lak Si Overpass Highway Route No. 304, Thailand. The experimental program included five pier segments with similar reinforcement details but varying concrete strengths. The numerical work validated the finite element model (FEM) using experimental results and conducted a parametric study to assess the impact of steel reinforcement variation and concrete compressive strength on the bursting capacity of pier segments. Key findings included a consistent failure pattern characterized by a prominent vertical crack and concrete crushing at the bottom, particularly in specimens with lower concrete strength. The bursting loads exhibited a decrease corresponding to a reduction in compressive strength, with up to a 20% decrease observed when strength was reduced by 20%. The finite element analysis (FEA) results slightly surpassed experimental findings, yet the marginal discrepancies confirmed the accuracy of the advanced tool for engineering nonlinear analysis (ATENA) computer program in predicting bursting forces. The parametric study highlighted a substantial increase in bursting loads with variations in concrete strength and the number of steel reinforcement layers, with a non-proportional relationship between bursting load and concrete strength.

Saingam, Panumas

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