Saingam, Panumas

Preferred name

Saingam, Panumas

Main Affiliation

School of Engineering

panumas.sa@kmitl.ac.th

Now showing 1 - 10 of 19

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Innovative Approaches to RC Deep Beam Strengthening: Evaluating Low-Cost Glass Fiber Wraps Against Traditional CFRP Solutions
(2025-03-01)
Saingam, Panumas
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Ejaz, Ali
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Gadagamma, Chaitanya Krishna
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Hussain, Qudeer
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Sua-iam, Gritsada
This study evaluates the performance of lightweight aggregate deep beams strengthened with low-cost glass fiber-reinforced polymer composite (Lo-G) wraps as an alternative to expensive synthetic fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs). The investigation includes side-bonded and fully wrapped configurations of Lo-G wraps, alongside carbon FRP (CFRP) strips for comparison. The experimental results show that epoxy-based anchors provided significantly better resistance against de-bonding than mechanical anchors, improving beam performance. Strengthening with Lo-G wraps resulted in a peak capacity increase of 17.0% to 46.9% for side-bonded beams in Group 2, 10.5% to 41.4% for fully wrapped beams in the strip configuration in Group 3, and 15.4% to 42.7% for CFRP strips in Group 4. The ultimate deflection and dissipated energy were also improved, with dissipated energy increases of up to 264.6%, 322.3%, and 222.7% for side-bonded and fully wrapped Lo-G wraps and CFRP strips, respectively. The side-bonded configuration with two or three Lo-G wraps, supplemented by epoxy wraps, outperformed fully wrapped 250 mm strips in peak capacity, with peak capacity improvements of up to 46.9%. However, beams with mechanical anchors showed poor performance due to premature debonding. They rely on friction and expansion within the concrete to resist pull-out forces. If the surrounding concrete is not strong enough or if the anchor is not properly installed, it can lead to failure. Additionally, reducing strip spacing negatively impacted performance. Lo-G wraps showed an 8.5% higher peak capacity and 32.8% greater dissipated energy compared to CFRP strips. Despite these improvements, while Lo-G wraps are a cost-effective alternative, their long-term performance remains to be investigated. None of the existing models accurately predicted the shear strength contribution of Lo-G wraps, as the lower elastic modulus and tensile strength led to high deviations in prediction-to-experimental ratios, underscoring the need for new models to assess shear strength.
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Experimental Investigations of Cement Clay Interlocking Brick Masonry Structures Strengthened with CFRP and Cement-Sand Mortar
(2023-03-01)
Joyklad, Panuwat
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Waqas, Hafiz Ahmad
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Hafeez, Abdul
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Ali, Nazam
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Ejaz, Ali
Many masonry structures are constructed with cement clay interlocking brick (CCIB) due to its added benefits. Recent research has demonstrated the vulnerability of brick masonry walls against seismic loading. Various strengthening materials and techniques are extensively used to improve the structural behavior of brick walls. Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are the most popular strengthening material due to their advantages of easy application, lightweight qualities, and superior tensile strength. The current research work aimed to explore the cost-effective solutions and feasibility of CFRP composite-based strengthening techniques to improve the load-bearing capacity of CCIB walls. Various configurations and combinations of strengthening materials were investigated to customize the cost of repair and strengthening. The experimental results indicated that CFRP composites in combination with cement-sand (CS) mortar are an efficient strengthening material to enhance the strength and ultimate deflection of CCIB walls. The ultimate load-bearing capacity and axial deformation of the strengthened CCIB wall (using two layers of CFRP strips and CS mortar of 10 mm thickness) remained 171% and 190% larger than the unstrengthened CCIB wall. The conclusions of this study are expected to enhance the seismic performance of masonry buildings in developing countries. It should be noted that due to the reduced number of tested specimens, the results to be assumed as general considerations need a wider experimental campaign and a large numbers of tests for each strengthening typology.
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Load-Bearing Performance of Non-Prismatic RC Beams Wrapped with Carbon FRP Composites
(2023-06-01)
Suparp, Suniti
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Ejaz, Ali
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Khan, Kaffayatullah
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Hussain, Qudeer
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Joyklad, Panuwat
This study investigated the influence of CFRP composite wrapping techniques on the load–deflection and strain relationships of non-prismatic RC beams. A total of twelve non-prismatic beams with and without openings were tested in the present study. The length of the non-prismatic section was also varied to assess the effect on the behavior and load capacity of non-prismatic beams. The strengthening of beams was performed by using carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites in the form of individual strips or full wraps. The linear variable differential transducers and strain gauges were installed at the steel bars to observe the load–deflection and strain responses of non-prismatic RC beams, respectively. The cracking behavior of unstrengthened beams was accompanied by excessive flexural and shear cracks. The influence of CFRP strips and full wraps was primarily observed in solid section beams without shear cracks, resulting in enhanced performance. In contrast, hollow section strengthened beams exhibited minor shear cracks alongside the primary flexural cracks within the constant moment region. The absence of shear cracks was reflected in the load–deflection curves of strengthened beams, which demonstrated a ductile behavior. The strengthened beams demonstrated 40% to 70% higher peak loads than control beams, whereas the ultimate deflection was increased up to 524.87% compared to that of the control beams. The improvement in the peak load was more prominent as the length of the non-prismatic section increased. A better improvement in ductility was achieved for the case of CFRP strips in the case of short non-prismatic lengths, whereas the efficiency of CFRP strips was reduced as the length of the non-prismatic section increased. Moreover, the load–strain capacity of CFRP-strengthened non-prismatic RC beams was higher than the control beams.
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Prediction of Stress–Strain Curves for HFRP Composite Confined Brick Aggregate Concrete under Axial Load
(2023-02-01)
Saingam, Panumas
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Ejaz, Ali
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Ali, Nazam
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Nawaz, Adnan
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Hussain, Qudeer
Recently, hemp-fiber-reinforced polymer (HFRP) composites have been developed to enhance the strength and ductility of normal and lightweight aggregate concrete along with recycled brick aggregate concrete. In addition, both experimental and analytical investigations have been performed to assess the suitability of the existing strength and strain models. However, the theoretical and analytical expressions to predict the stress–strain curves of HFRP-confined concrete were not developed. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to develop analytical expressions to predict the stress–strain curves of HFRP-confined waste brick aggregate concrete. For this purpose, a new experimental framework was conducted to examine the effectiveness of HFRP in improving the mechanical properties of concrete constructed with recycled brick aggregates. Depending on the strength of the concrete, two groups were formed, i.e., Type-1 concrete and Type-2 concrete. A total of sixteen samples were tested. The ultimate compressive strength and strain significantly increased due to HFRP confinement. Improvements of up to 272% and 457% in the ultimate compressive strength and strain were observed due to hemp confinement, respectively. To predict the ultimate compressive strength and strain of HFRP-confined concrete, this study investigated several existing analytical stress–strain models. Some of the strength models resulted in close agreement with experimental results, but none of the models could accurately predict the ultimate confined strain. Nonlinear regression analysis was conducted to propose expressions to predict the ultimate compressive strength and strain of HFRP-confined concrete. The proposed expressions resulted in good agreement with experimental results. An analytical procedure was proposed to predict the stress–strain curves of hemp-confined concrete constructed by partial replacement of natural coarse aggregates by recycled fired-clay brick aggregates. A close agreement was found between the experimental and analytically predicted stress–strain curves.
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Hybrid B-CSM Composites Strengthening Approach for Improved Stress–Strain Behavior of Concrete Columns and Development of Analytical Models
(2025-02-01)
Thansirichaisree, Phromphat
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Mohamad, Hisham
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Zhou, Mingliang
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Ejaz, Ali
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Saingam, Panumas
The brittle behavior of concrete under axial compressive loading has been a persistent issue. This study investigates the effectiveness of a hybrid Basalt-E-glass confinement (B-CSM) in improving the compressive behavior of concrete. The B-CSM confinement demonstrates a considerable improvement in ultimate strength and strain capacity by over 250 and 500%, respectively, making it a favorable solution for enhancing the ductility of concrete structures. Specimens at 18.43 MPa unconfined strength, confined with 3-layer B-CSM, demonstrated a 258% ultimate strength enhancement. For 24.43 MPa specimens, the same confinement resulted in a 207% increase in ultimate strength. Specimens with an initial ultimate strain of 18.43 MPa, when confined with 3-layers, showed a notable 516% increase. Likewise, for 24.43 MPa specimens, the same confinement led to a significant 395% improvement in ultimate strain. The use of B-CSM confinement is also effective in terms of cost compared to synthetic fiber-reinforced polymer jackets, and its availability is widespread. Existing analytical models for fiber-reinforced polymer confinement were evaluated, and it was found that these models could not predict the ultimate strength and strain of B-CSM-confined concrete. Therefore, this study proposes a unique regression-based approach for predicting the various points of the compressive stress vs. strain curve of B-CSM confinement. These points are then used to trace the complete stress vs. strain curve, which matches closely with experimental results. This work contributes to the development of new design recommendations for B-CSM confined concrete structures, which can enhance the performance of concrete structures and potentially reduce construction costs.
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Enhancing the flexural behavior of brick masonry walls with ferrocement overlays and low-cost anchors
(2023-12-01)
Saingam, Panumas
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Hlaing, Hnin Hnin
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Suwannatrai, Rawirot
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Ejaz, Ali
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Hussain, Qudeer
This study presents an innovative approach to enhance the flexural capacity of cement-clay interlocking (CCI) brick walls using ferrocement jackets with an expanded wire mesh. The investigation involved 15 CCI brick walls subjected to flexural load testing, exploring various mesh sizes and anchor configurations on single and dual sides. The results revealed that while the primary failure mode involved dry joint opening and subsequent ferrocement debonding in the strengthened walls, effective anchorage mechanisms delayed dry joint opening until debonding occurred. The reinforced walls exhibited improved peak load capacity, notably in dual-sided reinforcement cases. With plastering on both sides and supplemented with anchors, an improvement of up to 221% in flexural capacity was obtained. The study emphasizes the influence of wire mesh size on anchorage effectiveness and its correlation with debonding susceptibility. Additionally, the moment-curvature analysis demonstrated resilient, ductile responses in load-bearing characteristics, with occasional abrupt declines due to ferrocement jacket debonding. Unlike control walls, the strengthened walls exhibited strains exceeding yield thresholds, indicating enhanced structural performance.
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Sustainable Reinforcement Methods for Brick Masonry Walls: An Experimental and Finite Element Analysis Approach
(2025-07-01)
Mehmood, Tahir
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Abid, Muhammad Amer
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Chatveera, Burachat
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Sua-Iam, Gritsada
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Saingam, Panumas
This study investigates the enhancement of axial and shear strength in brick masonry walls reinforced with steel and fiberglass meshes. The novelty of this study lies in its thorough evaluation of various reinforcement types and their influence on both axial and shear strength, offering valuable insights to enhance the performance of brick masonry structures. By using steel and fiberglass meshes for reinforcement, the study promotes the use of durable materials that can extend the lifespan of brick masonry structures, reducing the need for frequent repairs and replacements. The findings reveal that double-layer steel mesh delivers the highest strength, effectively reducing brittleness and improving deformation capacity in both single- and double-brick walls. Specifically, single-brick walls exhibited increases in compressive strength of 38.8% with single-layer steel mesh, 31.2% with fiberglass mesh, and 19.7% with plaster. In contrast, double-brick walls showed enhancements of 73.6% with double-layer steel mesh and 43.5% with fiberglass mesh. For shear strength, single-brick walls improved by 115.1% with single-layer steel mesh, 91.3% with fiberglass mesh, and 42.1% with plaster, while double-brick walls experienced increases of 162.7% with double-layer steel mesh and 132.5% with fiberglass mesh. Additionally, Abaqus modeling under axial and diagonal compression closely matched experimental results, revealing less than a 10% discrepancy across all reinforcement types.
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Influence of natural fiber rope wrapping techniques on the compressive response of recycled aggregate concrete circular columns
(2023-09-01)
Chaiyasarn, Krisada
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Poovarodom, Nakhorn
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Ejaz, Ali
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Ng, Anne W.M.
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Hussain, Qudeer
The utilization of recycled waste in the production of new concrete raises significant concerns regarding the quality of the resulting concrete. One prominent drawback of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) is its inferior mechanical properties compared to natural aggregate concrete. In this study, we examine the impact of hemp fiber rope (HFR) confinement on improving the compressive stress-strain behavior of RAC, specifically using recycled brick aggregates from fired-clay solid bricks (RAC-FCSB) as a partial substitute for natural coarse aggregates. Furthermore, we explore and compare the effectiveness of HFR confinement in the form of strips versus fully wrapped confinement. To conduct the experiments, a comprehensive framework was developed, involving a total of 32 cylindrical specimens. The parameters of interest included the configuration of HFR confinement (strips or full wrapping), the number of HFR layers, and the inherent strength of the concrete. The results indicate that HFR strips can significantly enhance the compressive stress-strain response. However, their performance falls short when compared to the fully wrapped HFR confinement. Nonetheless, HFR strips were able to enhance the peak compressive stress and strain of RAC-FCSB up to 204% and 190%, respectively. The second part of the study investigated the performance of existing models of HFR confinement in predicting the peak compressive stress and strain of RAC-FCSB. The deficiencies in existing models were highlighted, and new models based on non-linear regression analysis were proposed to accurately predict the peak compressive stress and strain of HFR-confined RAC-FCSB.
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Corrigendum to ‘Enhancing compressive behavior of concrete with novel low-cost hybrid passive confinement including large rupture strain cotton ropes: Experimental findings and a design-oriented model’ [Case Stud. Constr. Mater. 21 (2024) e03496] (Case Studies in Construction Materials (2024) 21, (S2214509524006478), (10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e03496))
(2024-12-01)
Saingam, Panumas
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Hussain, Qudeer
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Ejaz, Ali
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Nawaz, Adnan
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Joyklad, Panuwat
The authors regret that the fifth author's name was incorrect in the published article. The correct name of the fifth author as “Panuwat Joyklad” The acknowledgement section should be updated by including the last line in the acknowledgement. The revised acknowledgement should read as: This research is a result of the project entitled “Development of a Novel, Low-cost and High Performance Hybrid FRP Composites for Waste Aggregate Concrete for Sustainable Cities Grant NO.RE-KRIS/ FF67/023” by King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), which has been received funding support from the NSRF. The APC was funded by King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Research Fund. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused. DOI of original article: < https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e03496>
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Evaluating Failure Patterns and Bursting Loads in Concrete Segmental Bridge Piers: A Comprehensive Study
(2025-06-01)
Suparp, Suniti
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Ejaz, Ali
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Gadagamma, Chaitanya Krishna
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Saingam, Panumas
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Hussain, Qudeer
This study presented an experimental and numerical investigation focused on pier segments of segmental bridge types. The pier segments were constructed to represent Lak Si Overpass Highway Route No. 304, Thailand. The experimental program included five pier segments with similar reinforcement details but varying concrete strengths. The numerical work validated the finite element model (FEM) using experimental results and conducted a parametric study to assess the impact of steel reinforcement variation and concrete compressive strength on the bursting capacity of pier segments. Key findings included a consistent failure pattern characterized by a prominent vertical crack and concrete crushing at the bottom, particularly in specimens with lower concrete strength. The bursting loads exhibited a decrease corresponding to a reduction in compressive strength, with up to a 20% decrease observed when strength was reduced by 20%. The finite element analysis (FEA) results slightly surpassed experimental findings, yet the marginal discrepancies confirmed the accuracy of the advanced tool for engineering nonlinear analysis (ATENA) computer program in predicting bursting forces. The parametric study highlighted a substantial increase in bursting loads with variations in concrete strength and the number of steel reinforcement layers, with a non-proportional relationship between bursting load and concrete strength.

Saingam, Panumas

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