Tansiri, Yada

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Leptospira borgpetersenii Leucine-Rich Repeat Proteins Provide Strong Protective Efficacy as Novel Leptospiral Vaccine Candidates
(2023-01-01)
Prapong, Siriwan
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Tansiri, Yada
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Sritrakul, Tepyuda
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Sripattanakul, Sineenat
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Sopitthummakhun, Aukkrimapann
Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins are advocated for being assessed in vaccine development. Leptospiral LRR proteins were identified recently in silico from the genome of Leptospira borgpetersenii serogroup Sejroe, the seroprevalence of leptospiral infections of cattle in Thailand. Two LRR recombinant proteins, rKU_Sej_LRR_2012M (2012) and rhKU_Sej_LRR_2271 (2271), containing predicted immunogenic epitopes, were investigated for their cross-protective efficacies in an acute leptospirosis model with heterologous Leptospira serovar Pomona, though, strains from serogroup Sejroe are host-adapted to bovine, leading to chronic disease. Since serovar Pomona is frequently reported as seropositive in cattle, buffaloes, pigs, and dogs in Thailand and causes acute and severe leptospirosis in cattle by incidental infection, the serogroup Sejroe LRR proteins were evaluated for their cross-protective immunity. The protective efficacies were 37.5%, 50.0%, and 75.0% based on the survival rate for the control, 2012, and 2271 groups, respectively. Sera from 2012-immunized hamsters showed weak bactericidal action compared to sera from 2271-immunized hamsters (p < 0.05). Therefore, bacterial tissue clearances, inflammatory responses, and humoral and cell-mediated immune (HMI and CMI) responses were evaluated only in 2271-immunized hamsters challenged with virulent L. interrogans serovar Pomona. The 2271 protein induced prompt humoral immune responses (p < 0.05) and leptospiral tissue clearance, reducing tissue inflammation in immunized hamsters. In addition, protein 2271 and its immunogenic peptides stimulated splenocyte lymphoproliferation and stimulated both HMI and CMI responses by activating Th1 and Th2 cytokine gene expression in vaccinated hamsters. Our data suggest that the immunogenic potential renders rhKU_Sej_LRR_2271 protein a promising candidate for the development of a novel cross-protective vaccine against animal leptospirosis.
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Dimorphism in the T-cell receptor constant region affects T-cell function, phenotype and HIV outcome
(2019-07-15)
Kaewpreedee, Prathanporn
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Boonrat, Potchara
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Tansiri, Yada
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Rowland-Jones, Sarah L.
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Hansasuta, Pokrath
Objectives:CD8+ T cells recognize human leukocyte antigen-peptide complex through the T-cell receptor. Although amino acid variation in T-cell receptor variable chains often affects antigen specificity, dimorphism in the beta chain constant region (TRBC1 and TRBC2) is not thought to affect T-cell function. A recent study suggested that adoptive transfer of TRBC1-specific chimeric antigen-receptor-T cells provided an option for T-cell leukemia therapy that preserved T-cell immunity in the TRBC2 subset. This raises an important question as to whether TRBC1+T cells are qualitatively different from TRBC2+T cells.Design:Cross-sectional study.Methods:Sixty-six antiretroviral therapy-naive HIV-infected individuals, including 19 viraemic controllers and 47 noncontrollers, were enrolled. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated for T-cell functional assays, tetramer analyses, TRBC1 staining and immunophenotyping.Results:Viraemic controllers had a higher proportion of circulating TRBC1+T cells than noncontrollers, raising the possibility that TRBC1+T cells might be associated with HIV control. TRBC1+T cells also showed more functional T-cell responses against both HIV and cytomegalovirus (P < 0.01). The immunophenotypes of TRBC1-bearing T cells were skewed towards naive and central memory phenotypes, whereas the majority of TRBC2-expressing T cells were terminally differentiated. Inverse correlations were observed between %TRBC1+T cells and HIV plasma viral load, which was most pronounced for CD8+ T cells (r =-0.7096, P = 0.00002357).Conclusion:These data suggest that TRBC1+T-cell responses are of better quality than their TRBC2 counterparts, which should be considered in immunotherapeutic strategies for HIV infection. Conversely, depletion of TRBC1+T cells as part of the treatment of TRBC1+ T-cell malignancies may lead to compromised T-cell response quality.

Tansiri, Yada

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