Dawan, Jirapat

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Dawan, Jirapat
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jirapat.da@kmitl.ac.th

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    Item type:Publication,
    Antibiofilm strategies using mixed disinfectants and cubosome nanocarriers to combat Staphylococcus aureus on sandblasted stainless steel disc surfaces
    (2025-09-01)
    Dawan, Jirapat
    ;
    Guo, Yuyuan
    ;
    Lee, Sang Soo
    ;
    Kim, Jin Chul
    Bacterial biofilms are complex communities in which microorganisms are adhered and encapsulated in a self-produced extracellular polymeric material (EPS) matrix. Biofilm acts as a protective barrier, enhancing the resistance of bacteria to environmental stressors, cleaning agents and antimicrobial treatments. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluated the effectiveness of a mixed disinfectant suspension (MIX) against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms on sandblasted stainless steel disc surfaces. A cubic phase containing MIX was prepared, and its anti-biofilm ability was assessed in comparison to free MIX. The susceptibility of S. aureus ATCC 15,564 (SA<sup>ATCC</sup>) and multidrug-resistant S. aureus CCARM 3080 (SA<sup>CCARM</sup>) biofilms to single and mixed disinfectants (MIX) was evaluated. The incorporation of MIX into cubosomes was performed to evaluate its potential enhancement in antibiofilm activity. 1% MIX demonstrated the most effective anti-biofilm activity. Extracellular DNA (eDNA) and polysaccharides were also significantly reduced in biofilms treated with 1% MIX. TEM analysis revealed that 1% MIX effectively disrupted bacterial cell clusters within the biofilms. The incorporation of 1% MIX into cubosomes enhanced its antibiofilm activity, with cubosome-encapsulated MIX exhibiting superior results compared to free MIX. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of a mixed disinfectant suspension in reducing S. aureus biofilms on sandblasted stainless steel disc surfaces. Furthermore, the incorporation of MIX into lipid-based nanocarriers, such as cubosomes, enhanced its antibiofilm efficacy compared to the free disinfectant.
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    Enhanced eradication of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms by combination disinfectants: comparative analysis of antimicrobial and anti-biofilm efficacy
    (2025-10-01)
    Dawan, Jirapat
    ;
    Pomseethong, Panalee
    ;
    Hwang, Jeong Seon
    ;
    Kim, Jae Kyu
    ;
    Lee, Sang Soo
    Biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus pose significant challenges in various environments due to their resilience against antimicrobial agents. This study evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of single disinfectant including 0.25% calcium hydroxide, 0.25% sodium hypochlorite, 0.25% deoxycholate, 0.25% poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-iodine complex and combination (0.25%) disinfectant suspensions against S. aureus (SA<sup>ATCC</sup> and SA<sup>CCARM</sup>) biofilms on metal disc surfaces. The results revealed that all treatments significantly reduced biofilm formation compared to the untreated control, with the combination treatment exhibiting the most potent and sustained anti-biofilm activity. After 4 h of incubation, biofilm cells were undetectable under the combination treatment (< 20 CFU/mL), indicating complete eradication. Crystal violet staining and biofilm formation index analysis confirmed that the combination treatment resulted in the lowest biofilm biomass. Additionally, extracellular DNA and polysaccharide levels were markedly reduced, further supporting the disruption of biofilm integrity. Gene expression analysis demonstrated a significant downregulation of biofilm-associated genes, including norB, clpP, clpX, and dnaK, under all treatments, with the combination treatment showing the highest inhibitory effect. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed severe morphological alterations and biofilm dispersal in the combination-treated samples. Collectively, these findings suggest that the combination disinfectant formulation is the most effective strategy for eradicating S. aureus biofilms, offering a promising approach for biofilm control in medical, industrial, and environmental applications.