Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
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    Characterization and Application of Biochar Derived from Snake Fruit Peel for Lead Adsorption
    (2024-01-01)
    Maneesri, Wisit
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    Choolaaied, Orasa
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    Phanchindawan, Naree
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    Ketpimol, Nopadol
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    Lead (Pb(II)) is a prominent contaminant in industrial wastewater, causing environmental and health risks. Traditional treatment methods often encounter limitations, including high operational costs and low efficiency in dilute solutions. This study presents an innovative, cost-effective solution utilizing biochar derived from snake fruit peels. Two biochar materials, SB500 and SB700, were produced via pyrolysis at 500 °C and 700 °C, respectively. The results indicate that the physicochemical properties of biochar change with increasing pyrolysis temperature. In addition, adsorption kinetics experiments showed that the two biochars displayed rapid adsorption within the first 60 min, with adsorption capacities of 28.08 mg/g for SB500 and 26.68 mg/g for SB700. This behavior can be attributed to a combination of physisorption and chemisorption mechanisms. These findings highlight the significance of the surface properties of biochar, especially its mesoporous structures and functional groups. Furthermore, this study suggested developing an efficient approach to mitigating the environmental and health impacts of Pb(II) contamination while addressing the issue of agricultural waste management.
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    Effects of inner angle of bowl, flow rate and speed on the efficiency of glycerol separation from the raw biodiesel using cylindrical bowl centrifuge
    (2017-01-01) ;
    Netjaibun, Kanokphan
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    Pratabkong, Thaweesak
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    Suwannasam, Puttapong
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    The centrifugal technique has been widely used for separation of fluids with moderately high viscosities because it provides an efficient separation in short residence times. In this work, the cylindrical bowl centrifuge was selected for separation of raw biodiesel and glycerol. In addition, the inner angle of bowl, flow rate and speed were investigated on their effects on the efficiency of separation. The experimental results showed that the inner angle of bowl and the flow rate affected the efficiency of separation significantly. The increase of inner angle of bowl (from 90 to 135 degree) and flow rate (from 50 to 200 ml/min) provided the increase of separation efficiency. In term of speed, the efficiency of separation was increased when increasing the speed from 1,800 rpm to 2,100 rpm. On the other hand, the efficiency of separation was decreased when increasing the speed from 2,100 rpm to 2,400 rpm. The efficiency of cylindrical bowl centrifuge was in the ranges of 29.17-39.83%, 52.83-61.83% and 84.6-91.4% for bowl inner angles of 90, 120 and 135 degree, respectively. The bowl inner angles of 135 degree, flow rate of 200 ml/min and speed of 2,100 rpm were appropriate conditions for glycerol separation from the raw biodiesel using cylindrical bowl centrifuge.
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    Prototype of portable robusta coffee harvesting machine
    (2021-11-19)
    Ruttanadech, Nuttapong
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    Sansiribhan, Sansanee
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    Munsin, Ronnachart
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    Thuwapanichayanan, Ratiya
    The limitations of machine size and cost are main problems for coffee harvesting using machine picking. Therefore, the prototype of Robusta coffee harvesting machine with portable and low cost was designed and created in this research. Moreover, the effects of bristle hardness, bristle size and brush rotation speed on the coffee harvesting efficiency were investigated. The experimental results showed that the prototype of portable Robusta coffee harvesting machine was effective to harvest the Robusta coffee. It provided the highest coffee harvesting efficiency of 75.24% by using the bristle hardness of 75 shore A, bristle size of 8 mm and brush rotation speed of 700 rpm. The bristle hardness, bristle size and brush rotation speed were significantly affected the coffee harvesting efficiency. The coffee harvesting efficiency was increased when increasing the bristle hardness from 60 shore A to 75 shore A and the brush rotation speed from 600 rpm to 700 rpm. On the other hand, the increase of bristle size from 8 mm to 10 mm provided the lower coffee harvesting efficiency.
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    One-Step Synthesis of Magnetic Biochar from Durian Shell Via K2FeO4 Activation for Lead Removal
    (2024-01-01)
    Pewpa, Orrawan
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    Ito, Ayumi
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    This study explores the synthesis and application of magnetic biochar derived from durian shell (MDS) for Pb(II) removal. MDS was synthesized through a one-step method using K<inf>2</inf>FeO<inf>4</inf> activation. The synthesized MDS was characterized using various analytical techniques, showing a high specific surface area and oxygen-rich functional groups. These characteristics have made it highly effective at adsorbing Pb(II). The initial pH and MDS dosage effects on Pb(II) adsorption were examined. The highest adsorption capacity of MDS for Pb(II) was found to be 87.43 mg/g, which was observed at pH 7 and MDS dosage of 1 g/L. The pseudo-second-order (PSO) model was found to be the best fit for the kinetics of Pb(II) adsorption, suggesting chemisorption. These results are expected to contribute to the development of effective, economical, and environmentally friendly solutions for wastewater treatment, mainly targeting Pb(II) contamination.
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    Water-spray washing technique as a purification process in the production of biodiesel
    (2020-09-08) ;
    Sansiribhan, Sansanee
    In order to meet the standards set for biodiesel after biodiesel production via transesterification, a purification process is necessary. For the purification process, the wet washing method is mostly recommended because it is well-known for its easy application and high efficiency. However, this method requires a large volume of water and takes a long time. Consequently, this study focuses on designing a washing machine that reduces the amount of water used and shortens the application time for the washing method. The spray washing technique, a type of the wet washing method, was used for this study with a focus on the following parameters: The volume of water to crude biodiesel, flow rate, and time. All conditions investigated in the basic standards of biodiesel. The pH value, density, and velocity were considered as the criteria to select the optimum conditions for the washing machine. The results indicated that a volume ratio of 0.8:1 (water:crude biodiesel) and a flow rate of 4 L/min for 0.5 min was the optimum condition of the water washing machine for biodiesel purification that meets the international biodiesel specifications.
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    Application of Centrifuge Combined with Biodiesel Washing Machine with Biochar in Biodiesel Production
    (2025-01-01)
    Fonghiransiri, Surasak
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    Choola-aied, Orasa
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    This research focused on the application of a centrifuge combined with a biodiesel washing machine with biochar in biodiesel production. This method aims to reduce the amount of biochar used in the washing process to meet biodiesel standards. Therefore, the research aimed to improve the biodiesel production process by using a centrifuge machine combined with the biochar washing method (CB) and comparing it with two methods: gravitational settling combined with water washing (GW) and gravitational settling combined with biochar washing (GB). The results indicated that the CB method could reduce contaminants in biodiesel. Although the biodiesel yield did not differ from the GB method, it remained higher than the GW method, increasing the biodiesel yield by up to 1.19% (90.24%). Furthermore, the CB method was more effective in removing acidity, water content, methanol, and glycerol in biodiesel compared to the GB method, with removal percentages of 63.88%, 79.49%, 99.70%, and 85.19% respectively. Consequently, this led to a decrease in viscosity (3.998 cSt) and density (865.93 kg/m<sup>3</sup>). This method provides biodiesel properties that meet biodiesel standards.
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    Design of a separation machine using pneumatic system combined with sieve vibration for removing parchment coffee from Robusta green coffee bean
    (2020-12-18) ;
    The hulling process for coffee bean extraction may not effectively release the bean from parchment. This might negatively affect the aroma or taste of coffee in the coffee beans roasting process. Consequently, the objectives of this work were to design and construct a machine for separating parchment coffee from Robusta green coffee bean using a pneumatic separation system combined with sieve vibration. The performance of the separation machine was investigated under different operating conditions such as air velocity, vibration frequency, and the angle of sieve inclination. The samples were fed into the machine at a feed rate of 20 kg/h. The testing conditions were set at air velocities of 2 to 4 m/s, vibration frequencies of 36 to 40 Hz, and sieve inclination angle of 4° to 8°. The results showed that the purity and separation efficiency of parchment increased with increasing air velocity. Conversely, decreasing vibration frequency and sieve angle increased the purity and separation efficiency. The appropriate conditions for parchment coffee separation from Robusta green coffee bean using a pneumatic-sieve vibration system were 4 m/s air velocity, 36 Hz vibration frequency, and 8° sieve angle with the highest overall effectiveness of 92%.
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    Investigating the Optimization of Magnetic Biochar Production from Rubber Seed Shells for Enhanced Cr(VI) Removal Efficiency
    (2024-04-11)
    Prangmoo, Yasumin
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    Choolaaied, Orasa
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    Phanchindawan, Naree
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    This study aimed to utilize agricultural and produce low-cost magnetic biochar from rubber-seed shells using ferric chloride (FeCl3) as a transition metal. The study employs Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) to determine optimal production conditions for removing chromium (Cr(VI)). The effect of preparation conditions such as pyrolysis temperature (500-700 °C), duration (90-180 min), and impregnation (1-3 M) on the produced magnetic biochar was examined. The optimal condition was demonstrated based on yield percentage and Cr(VI) removal efficiencies. The study revealed that the optimal conditions for producing magnetic biochar from rubber seed shells were a pyrolysis temperature of 580 °C, a pyrolysis time of 130 min, and a FeCl3 concentration of 3 M. Under these conditions, a yield of 48.63% was achieved, and the removal efficiencies for Cr(VI) were 41.29%. This research suggests that utilizing agricultural waste products from rubber seed shells may be a viable and economical method for producing magnetic biochar, which can serve as an efficient adsorption agent.
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    Comparative Analysis of Biochar Properties from Lemon and Kumquat Peels at Different Pyrolysis Temperatures
    (2025-01-01)
    Limmun, Wanida
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    Ito, Ayumi
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    Choolaaied, Orasa
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    Phanchindawan, Naree
    This study examines the effects of pyrolysis temperatures (500 °C and 700 °C) on the properties of biochar derived from lemon peel (LB), kumquat peel (KB), and their combination (LKB). The study analyzed the variations in biochar yield, elemental composition, and specific surface area. The results indicated that higher temperatures led to a reduction in yield but a significant improvement in specific surface area, pore volume, and carbonization, ultimately producing more stable and aromatic biochar. Additionally, LB700 and KB700 exhibited more developed pore structures and higher specific surface areas than those produced at 500 °C. Elemental analysis showed an increase in carbon content and a decrease in hydrogen content at elevated temperatures, suggesting improved biochar stability. These findings demonstrate that higher pyrolysis temperatures enhance the specific surface area and carbon content of biochar, making it more suitable for environmental applications such as soil quality improvement and pollutant adsorption. The study highlights the potential of using commonly discarded agricultural waste, such as lemon and kumquat peels, for biochar production.