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    Effects of vibration, vacuum, and material thickness on infrared drying of Cissus quadrangularis Linn.
    (2019-06-01)
    Thanimkarn, Setthawat
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    Infrared (IR), vibratory bed assisted infrared (VIR), vacuum infrared (VC-IR), and vibratory bed assisted vacuum infrared (VC-VIR) drying of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. (CQ) were conducted. The objective was to investigate the effects of vibration, vacuum, and material thickness on IR drying of CQ. VC-VIR drying of 5-mm CQ provided the highest maximum drying rate (DR) of 0.258 g water/g dry matter·min. Although the vacuum operation contributed to improved effective moisture diffusivity (D<inf>eff</inf>), it consumed high energy and degraded active compounds of CQ. VIR drying could be a more promising technique. VIR drying of 15-mm CQ produced the greatest total phenolic content (TPC) and quercetin content of 1083.62 mg GAE/100 g dry matter and 3.472 mg/100 g dry matter, respectively. The lowest total color difference (ΔE) of 13.69 was also obtained. It required low specific energy consumption (SEC) of 17.62 kWh/kg and provided maximum DR of 0.112 g water/g dry matter·min.
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    Development of UV-treated cooked germinated brown rice and effect of UV-C treatment on its storability, GABA content, and quality
    A process for preparing UV-treated cooked germinated brown rice (CGBR) was developed. The UV-C exposure time was varied to study its effect on the shelf life of CGBR at room temperature (RT; 25 ± 2 °C). The germinated brown rice with the highest GABA content was cooked and radiated with UV-C for 30 and 60 min, after which the aerobic plate count was reduced by 0.40 and 0.58 log CFU/g, respectively. Their shelf lives were 1 and 3 days, respectively. The GABA contents of control CGBR, 60-UV-CGBR, and canned CGBR were 7.49, 5.11, and 1.81 mg/100 g dry matter, respectively. The whiteness and hardness of 60-UV-CGBR were not significantly different from those of control CGBR (p ≥ 0.05). These quality attributes were poorer after canning. After storing 60-UV-CGBR at RT for 3 days, the GABA content and whiteness decreased, and the hardness increased significantly. Its quality was however better than that of canned CGBR.
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    Effect of hot air assisted infrared drying on drying characteristics and quality of rice bran pellets
    (2018-08-14)
    Sansak, Sahachart
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    The objective of this study was to determine drying characteristics and quality of rice bran pellet subjected to hot air assisted infrared (HA-IR) drying at different levels of infrared (IR) intensity (750 - 3750 W/m<sup>2</sup>) and air temperature (40 - 80°C). The rice bran pellets were dried from 0.18 to 0.08 g water/g dry matter. The maximum drying rate (DR) and drying time were in the ranges of 0.0030 - 0.0165 g water/g dry matter·min and 8 - 54 min, respectively. Higher IR intensity and air temperature resulted in greater maximum DR and shorter drying time. The same trend was also observed for the effective moisture diffusivity (D<inf>eff</inf>) values which were between 0.3103×10<sup>-7</sup> and 2.7603×10<sup>-7</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/s. As compared to the commercial reference sample of dried rice bran pellets, the products of this study had higher oil content and lower FFA content. The oil content was affected by IR intensity only while the FFA content was affected both by IR intensity and air temperature. HA-IR drying could improve drying characteristics of the rice bran pellets and produce better quality of the dried products.
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    Thermal and Non-Thermal Processing of Functional Foods
    (2014-05-27) ;
    Ahmad, Imran
    Thermal processing is the most common and traditional technique used for food processing. An adverse effect on organoleptic properties of foods caused by thermal processing has been reported. Therefore, milder processing techniques including novel thermal, minimal thermal and non-thermal processing has become the new trend. These techniques are claimed to provide food of high quality and with improved functionality. This chapter aims to provide a critical review of the effects of these milder processing techniques on the functional components of processed food. Recent developments in food processing operations involve technologies that avoid deleterious effects of heat on organoleptic properties and nutrients of foods. Alternative or novel minimal-thermal and non-thermal processing methods include: ultrasound, high hydrostatic pressure, radiation and pulsed electric field processing are being examined to produce safe and better quality food products. They may replace conventional thermal processes in certain applications and are particularly beneficial for thermally sensitive products.
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