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    Effects of hydrothermal temperature and time of hydrochar from Cattail leaves
    (2018-09-05)
    Jaruwat, Dolrudee
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    Udomsap, Parncheewa
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    Chollacoop, Nuwong
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    Fuji, Masayoshi
    ;
    Hydrochar have been successfully synthesized from Cattail leaves via hydrothermal carbonization. This research study the effect of hydrothermal temperature (160-200°C) and reaction time (4-24 h) to develop porosity and surface area. The sample have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy were employed to characterize morphology, surface function and disorder in carbon structure respectively. The results revealed that hydrothermal-carbonization process affect on the properties of hydrochar. The hydrothermal temperatures and time were increased resulted in the decomposition of hydrochar gradually increased amorphous carbon and aromatic groups on surface of hydrochar. Cattail leaves was hydrothermal carbonization at 200°C for 12 h resulted in the most degradation of hemicellulose and cellulose.
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    Effect of alkaline activation on low grade natural kaolin for synthesis of zeolite A
    (2016-01-01)
    Asawaworarit, Panuruj
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    Chollacoop, Nuwong
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    Viriya-Empikul, Nawin
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    The conventional technique to synthesizes zeolite A from kaolin is calcination. However, this technique has one drawback since, the impurities in kaolin, such as muscovite and quartz, remain. Therefore, the hydrothermal process without calcination is used to synthesize high purity zeolite A. Hydrothermal synthesis without calcination can be separated into two steps, namely first and second hydrothermal steps. Alkaline activation reaction in the first hydrothermal step was used to study the effect of NaOH concentration ranging from 4M, 6M, 8M, 10M to 12M at 200°C for 3 hours. In this step, sodium aluminosilicate (cancrinite and nepheline hydrate) was produced and then dissolved in HCl. After filtration, the impurity was removed, and adjusted for neutral pH of 7 to form amorphous aluminosilicate gel. For the second hydrothermal step, amorphous gel was mixed with NaOH (1-4M) to form zeolite A at 90°C for 3 days. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were used for characterization.
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    Surface Enhancement and Structure Formation of Metakaolin from Thailand Kaolin on the Various Calcination Temperature
    (2020-01-01)
    Tanwongwan, Worapak
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    Wongkitikun, Thanapat
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    Onpecht, Kobchai
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    Srilai, Suphada
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    Assabumrungrat, Suttichai
    The metakaolin was chosen as a starting material for the synthesis of the zeolite because it is high crystallinity, reactivity and purity of raw material. Kaolin from Thailand which was selected from 3 different sources including Ratchaburi, Lampang, and Uttaradit were using as starting materials for synthesis of metakaolin by calcination temperature of this study were chosen in the range of 500 to 1000 °C for 2 h. Calcination temperature is significantly affect crystalline size, function group, and configuration of metakaolin by the results which obtained from X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy techniques were indicated that the best metakaolin was obtained from Uttaradit's kaolin which was calcined at 1000 <sup>o</sup>C for 2h by it shows the lowest impurities.
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    Preparation of carbon supported catalyst from cattail leaves for biodiesel fuel upgrading application
    (2019-01-01)
    Jaruwat, Dolrudee
    ;
    Udomsap, Parncheewa
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    Chollacoop, Nuwong
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    Carbon supported catalyst have been successfully synthesised from cattail leaves via hydrothermal carbonization for biodiesel fuel upgrading. This research study the effect of hydrothermal temperature (160-200 °C), reaction time (4-12 h) and influence of co-solvent such as CH<inf>3</inf>OH, C<inf>2</inf>H<inf>5</inf>OH, H<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf>, and HCl treatment to porosity and surface area of carbon material. The sample have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen sorption, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were employed to characterize morphology, specific area (S<inf>BET</inf>), and surface function, respectively. The results revealed that hydrothermal-carbonization process and co-solvent treatment have effect on the properties of supported carbon. The hydrothermal temperatures and time were increased resulted in the surface area and pore volume of supported carbon gradually increased leading to increasing metal distribution on the surface of supported carbon. It can be implied that the catalyst is good catalytic activity
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    Potential of advanced microporous zeolites and mesoporous materials derived from natural precursors as supports for iron phosphide catalysts in bio-jet fuel production from palm oil (Elaeis guineensis)
    (2025-06-10)
    Tanwongwan, Worapak
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    Sartsamai, Ruttasart
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    Kaewmeesri, Rungnapa
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    Faungnawakij, Kajornsak
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    Chollacoop, Nuwong
    Iron phosphide (FeP) has emerged as an efficient catalyst for converting palm oil, a biomass-derived feedstock, into bio-jet fuel through the hydrocracking process. The catalytic performance of FeP is strongly influenced by the choice of support material. In this study, microporous MWW-type zeolites (MCM-22 and MCM-36) and mesoporous materials (MCM-41 and MCM-48) were successfully synthesized from entirely natural precursors, silica derived from rice husk and aluminosilicate gel extracted from kaolin clay, via a hydrothermal method, and employed as supports for FeP catalysts. Among these materials, MCM-22 zeolite exhibited the highest microporosity, followed by zeolite MCM-36, resulting in superior acidity compared to the mesoporous materials, MCM-41 and MCM-48. FeP supported on MCM-22 (FeP/MCM-22) demonstrated the best catalytic performance, liquid hydrocarbon yield (∼33%), and bio-jet selectivity (∼78%) were obtained, outperforming FeP/MCM-36, FeP/MCM-41, and FeP/MCM-48. This is due to its high surface area of micropores (∼187 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>) and the excellent acidity of this zeolite, which helped prevent FeP overloading and promote uniform metal distribution. Furthermore, it exhibited remarkable stability and reusability, with performance improving over three consecutive reaction cycles, LHCs yield increasing to 50% and bio-jet selectivity stabilizing at about 83%, attributed to enhanced acidity accessibility and progressive formation of the FeP active phase.
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    Zeolite P from kaolin via hydrothermal method
    (2018-09-05) ;
    Amnaphiang, Phanwasa
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    Asawaworarit, Panuruj
    ;
    ;
    Chollacoop, Nuwong
    Zeolite P has been successfully synthesized from natural kaolin via two step hydrothermal process. The natural kaolin from Lampang, Thailand was studied for this research. In first hydrothermal, kaolin was mixed with sodium hydroxide solution at 200 <sup>o</sup>C for different reaction times from 3 - 5 hours, respectively.Sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid were added into the mixture to adjust their pH before they were formed into gel. Second hydrothermal process, the gel was kept of 90 <sup>o</sup>C for 3 days to obtain zeolite P. Synthesized zeolite P was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) for identification the type and crystallization. Besides, the morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy)SEM.(The functional group was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). From this study, it was found that the increasing of reaction time in first hydrothermal activation and hydrochloric acid concentration lead to the high quality of zeolite P.
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    Influence of Acid Additive on Nanoporous Carbon Materials via HTC for Catalyst Support
    (2020-01-01)
    Longprang, Tripob
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    Jaruwat, Dolrudee
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    Udomsap, Parncheewa
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    Chollacoop, Nuwong
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    Nanoporous carbon materials were successfully synthesized via hydrothermal carbonization with acid additives. In this study the effect of hydrothermal temperature (160-200 °C), hydrothermal time (4-24 h) and influence of acid additive (HCl, HNO<inf>3</inf>, H<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf> and H<inf>3</inf>PO<inf>4</inf>) have been chosen in order to improve the surface structure. The samples have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen sorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The experimental results revealed that hydrothermal carbonization process and acid addition have effect on the properties of catalyst support. The results indicated that hydrothermal process at 200°C for 12 h and activation with H<inf>3</inf>PO<inf>4</inf> at 900 °C for 2 h, exhibited the highest surface area, porosity and pore volume leading to increased distribution of metal on the carbon support.
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    Combination of natural silica and alumina sources for synthesis of MCM-22 zeolite
    (2023-08-01)
    Tanwongwan, Worapak
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    Chollacoop, Nuwong
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    Faungnawakij, Kajornsak
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    Assabumrungrat, Suttichai
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    Nakhanivej, Puritut
    Zeolite has become a promising material that can potentially play a pivotal role in resolving environmental crises. Among zeolite families, MCM-22 zeolite shows outstanding intrinsic properties associated with the topology and porous structure, offering ion-exchange advantages for catalytic activity processes. The synthesis of MCM-22 zeolite becomes challenging when concerning the cost and catalytic performance. To overcome this bottleneck, we demonstrate a sustainable route of a hydrothermal process using natural resources as starting materials. Rice husk from agricultural waste was used as a silica source while natural clays (kaolin and bentonite) were applied as alumina sources. The products from natural sources were compared with the use of commercial starting materials, e.g., NaAlO<inf>2</inf> (for alumina) and Na<inf>2</inf>SiO<inf>3</inf> and TEOS (for silica), in points of crystal, compositional, and morphological views. We showed that the high purity of MCM-22 zeolite can be obtained from rice husk silica (RHS) and aluminosilicate gel (ASG) extracted from kaolin, while the use of ASG extracted from bentonite tended to be unsuitable to generate the zeolite formation. We also studied the effects of reaction time and the ratio of RHS/ASG on the crystallinity and surface area of MCM-22. The architecture and acidity of an optimal product were explored by Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and Temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia, demonstrating the success of achieving well acidity.
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    Influence of temperature and alkaline activation for synthesis zeolite a from natural kaolin
    (2017-01-01)
    Thungngern, Pimpreeya
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    Amnaphiang, Phanwatsa
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    Asawaworarit, Panuruj
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    Goodwin, Vituruch
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    Chollacoop, Nuwong
    Zeolite A from natural kaolin have been successfully synthesized via calcination and hydrothermal. However, these techniques have one drawback since, the impurities in kaolin such as muscovite and quartz in the kaolin structure, which depend on temperature and alkaline activation. This work was separated into two steps, first step was used calcination technique, and second step was used hydrothermal technique. Reaction of temperature in the first step was studied the influence of temperature from 500°C to 800°C for 3 hours. In this step, kaolin transformed to metakaolin and remain the impurities. Next, reaction of alkaline activation in second step was studied about the influence of NaOH. The concentration of NaOH in hydrothermal was varied from 1M to 4M and mixed with metakaolin at 90°C for 72 hours. X-ray Diffraction Spectroscopy (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used for characterization. The solid products were formed to zeolite A at 1M NaOH hydrothermal with 500oC to 800oC calcination and it can be seemed good of euhedral structure at 700oC.
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    Bimetallic PdNi catalyst on cattail Leaves-Derived nanoporous carbon support for synthesis of partially hydrogenated fatty acid methyl ester (H-FAME)
    (2024-06-01)
    Longprang, Tripob
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    Kaewtrakulchai, Napat
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    Kiatkittipong, Worapon
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    Srifa, Atthapon
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    Chollacoop, Nuwong
    Cattail leaves (CL) have been used as a carbon source to synthesize nanoporous carbon (NPC) support with high surface area (S<inf>BET</inf> = 2002.12 m<sup>2</sup>g<sup>−1</sup>) via hydrothermal carbonization and potassium hydroxide (KOH) activation. The studied catalysts, including monometallic Pd/NPC and Ni/NPC, and bimetallic PdNi/NPC, were synthesized and characterized by using several techniques (e.g., scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen sorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction). Their catalytic activity toward partial hydrogenation of palm biodiesel to H-FAME was tested, and the liquid product composition, cloud point, and oxidation stability were determined. The studied catalysts have a high porosity with the S<inf>BET</inf> of approximately 2037.34–2187.96 m<sup>2</sup>g<sup>−1</sup> led to excellent metal dispersion. Although Ni did not show high catalytic activity compared to Pd, Ni incorporated with Pd as PdNi/NPC catalyst significantly increased the cis-C18:1 selectivity and prevented the catalytic deactivation during the partial hydrogenation. The oxidation stability of palm biodiesel feedstock was increased from 13.69 to 17.12 h while the cloud points adversely increased by only 3 degrees from 12 to 15 °C (still lower than 16 °C of the Thai industrial recommendation) with bimetallic PdNi/NPC catalyst. The main benefit of bimetallic PdNi/NPC over monometallic Pd/NPC and Ni/NPC is shown through not only higher C18:2 conversion but also much higher cis-to-trans ratio of C18:1 resulting in higher oxidation stability with acceptable compromise on the cloud point increasing. Consequently, the produced palm H-FAME can be used at a high blend ratio.