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    Effects of hydrothermal temperature and time of hydrochar from Cattail leaves
    (2018-09-05)
    Jaruwat, Dolrudee
    ;
    Udomsap, Parncheewa
    ;
    Chollacoop, Nuwong
    ;
    Fuji, Masayoshi
    ;
    Hydrochar have been successfully synthesized from Cattail leaves via hydrothermal carbonization. This research study the effect of hydrothermal temperature (160-200°C) and reaction time (4-24 h) to develop porosity and surface area. The sample have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy were employed to characterize morphology, surface function and disorder in carbon structure respectively. The results revealed that hydrothermal-carbonization process affect on the properties of hydrochar. The hydrothermal temperatures and time were increased resulted in the decomposition of hydrochar gradually increased amorphous carbon and aromatic groups on surface of hydrochar. Cattail leaves was hydrothermal carbonization at 200°C for 12 h resulted in the most degradation of hemicellulose and cellulose.
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    Synthesis of copper/carbon support catalyst from Cattail flower by calcination with hydrothermal carbonization
    (2017-01-01) ;
    Jomhataikool, Buntita
    ;
    Gunpum, Wachiraporn
    ;
    Viriya-Empikul, Nawin
    ;
    Faungnawakij, Kajornsak
    The copper/carbon support catalysts (Cu/C) were synthesized using Cattail flower as a support by the hydrothermal, impregnation and calcination processes. The effect of the Cu loading (20-60 wt.%) in impregnation method was investigated over Cu/C catalysts. The Cattail flower was pretreated by hydrothermal at 180°C for 8 h with highest specific surface area to produced support catalysts. The copper particles on support catalyst were prepared with impregnation method. The samples were compressed into pellet (diameter of 5 mm) and then calcined at 900°C for 2h under nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the copper/carbon support catalysts. The resulting samples were studied the elemental composition, morphology, and S<inf>BET</inf> by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Nitrogen sorption, respectively. The copper particles on the Cu/C catalysts were a metallic phase and high dispersion on the support surface. The Cu loading at 20 wt.% was the optimal condition because of the highest S<inf>BET</inf>. The increasing of Cu loading resulted in the S<inf>BET</inf> and particle size was decreased.
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    Present advancement in production of carbon nanotubes and their derivatives from industrial waste with promising applications
    (2017-01-01)
    Kerdnawee, Konrat
    ;
    Termvidchakorn, Chompoopitch
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    Yaisanga, Pacharaporn
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    Pakchamsai, Jirapat
    ;
    Chookiat, Cheewapon
    An increase in global consumption has led to an exponential increase in industrial production activities which inevitably results in overwhelming remain of industrial waste. Consequently it has driven increasing attentions of research and development teams in various countries to propose and investigate novel methodologies to utilize such industrial waste. Instead of using as alternative energy sources, usage of industrial waste for production of carbonaceous nanomaterials has been examined via various routes, such as catalytic pyrolysis, hydrothermal treatment and so on. Meanwhile, for sustainable and secure continuity of the carbonaceous nanomaterial production, broad spectra of promising applications have also been examined. Among those emerging applications, utilization of carbonaceous nanomaterials in pollution control and prevention has been focused worldwide. Therefore, in this review, relevant research works focusing on catalytic pyrolysis of carbonaceous industrial waste for carbonaceous nanomaterial production were comprehensively analyzed and summarized. In addition, promising applications involving with antibiotic removal, spilled oil handling and pollutant gas detection were also reviewed.
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    Influence of crystallization time for synthesis of zeolite a and zeolite x from natural kaolin
    (2019-01-01)
    Srilai, Suphada
    ;
    Tanwongwan, Worapak
    ;
    Onpecth, Kobchai
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    Wongkitikun, Thanapat
    ;
    Panomsuwan, Gasidit
    Zeolite A and zeolite X were successfully synthesized from natural kaolin from Lampang province using calcination and a two-step hydrothermal method. First, metakaolin was obtained by calcining the kaolin at 700 °C for 2 h. Hydrothermal experiments can be separated into two types, being high temperature and short time or lower temperature long time. For high temperature hydrothermal treatment, metakaolin was mixed with NaOH to form hydrous sodium aluminosilicate. This was dissolved in dilute HCl. After filtration, the pH was adjusted with deionized water to pH = 7. This formed an amorphous aluminosilicate gel. For low temperature and longtime hydrothermal treatment aluminosilicate gel was mixed with NaOH to form zeolite A and zeolite X. The optimum condition for the first step in the synthesis of zeolite A is high temperature and short time of hydrothermal treatment with NaOH 8 M at 200 °C for 3 hours. This is followed by low temperature and longtime of hydrothermal treatment with NaOH 1 M carried out at 90 °C for 72 hours. The optimum conditions for the first step of synthesis of zeolite X is the high temperature, short time hydrothermal treatment with NaOH 8 M at 200 °C for 3 hours and low temperature, longtime hydrothermal treatment with NaOH 1 M at 90 °C for 120 hours. The characterizations of zeolite A and zeolite X were carried out by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR).
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    Effect of alkaline activation on low grade natural kaolin for synthesis of zeolite A
    (2016-01-01)
    Asawaworarit, Panuruj
    ;
    Chollacoop, Nuwong
    ;
    Viriya-Empikul, Nawin
    ;
    The conventional technique to synthesizes zeolite A from kaolin is calcination. However, this technique has one drawback since, the impurities in kaolin, such as muscovite and quartz, remain. Therefore, the hydrothermal process without calcination is used to synthesize high purity zeolite A. Hydrothermal synthesis without calcination can be separated into two steps, namely first and second hydrothermal steps. Alkaline activation reaction in the first hydrothermal step was used to study the effect of NaOH concentration ranging from 4M, 6M, 8M, 10M to 12M at 200°C for 3 hours. In this step, sodium aluminosilicate (cancrinite and nepheline hydrate) was produced and then dissolved in HCl. After filtration, the impurity was removed, and adjusted for neutral pH of 7 to form amorphous aluminosilicate gel. For the second hydrothermal step, amorphous gel was mixed with NaOH (1-4M) to form zeolite A at 90°C for 3 days. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were used for characterization.
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    Fundamental study of carbon materials derived from empty fruit bunch via hydrothermal carbonization
    (2018-11-01)
    Guntagerng, Kanogpan
    ;
    Panomsuwan, Gasidit
    ;
    The utilization of biomass has recently gained great attention in recent years owing to growth of global environmental concerns. The aim of this work is to study the morphology of carbon materials derived from biomass oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) at different temperatures (160-200 °C) and times (4-12 h) followed by carbonization at 300-900 °C under nitrogen atmosphere for 2 h. The physiochemical properties of carbon sample were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy and surface area analysis. The results demonstrated that the increase of hydrothermal temperature, hydrothermal time, and carbonization temperature resulted in the formation of carbon materials with higher surface area, porosity and carbon content. Our results revealed that carbon derived from EFB via HTC at optimal condition exhibited porous structure with high surface area, which can be further applied for absorbent applications.
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    Preparation of carbon supported catalyst from cattail leaves for biodiesel fuel upgrading application
    (2019-01-01)
    Jaruwat, Dolrudee
    ;
    Udomsap, Parncheewa
    ;
    Chollacoop, Nuwong
    ;
    Carbon supported catalyst have been successfully synthesised from cattail leaves via hydrothermal carbonization for biodiesel fuel upgrading. This research study the effect of hydrothermal temperature (160-200 °C), reaction time (4-12 h) and influence of co-solvent such as CH<inf>3</inf>OH, C<inf>2</inf>H<inf>5</inf>OH, H<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf>, and HCl treatment to porosity and surface area of carbon material. The sample have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen sorption, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were employed to characterize morphology, specific area (S<inf>BET</inf>), and surface function, respectively. The results revealed that hydrothermal-carbonization process and co-solvent treatment have effect on the properties of supported carbon. The hydrothermal temperatures and time were increased resulted in the surface area and pore volume of supported carbon gradually increased leading to increasing metal distribution on the surface of supported carbon. It can be implied that the catalyst is good catalytic activity
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    Effect of anodization process on morphology of nickel coating materials
    (2013-10-29)
    Jadto, Jameekorn
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    Porntheeraphat, Supanit
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    Pratontep, Sirapat
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    In this article we address the process perspective of anodization for fabrication of nickel coating materials. In this work, we also report the mechanical properties and morphology of coating materials with various parameters. We investigated the effect of temperature and plating time with 0.3 (A/cm<sup>3</sup>) of current density. Light microscopes, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Hardness tester were used to confirm morphology and hardness of target object, respectively. In general it was observed that anodization process also affected on properties of target object. The hardness of target object with anodization process will be increased in first period and slightly decreased with high temperature and longer plating time. The chemical etching treatment had an impact on the morphological features of the AAO templates lead to morphological features of nickel coating materials. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
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    Synthesis of carbon nanoparticles from used motor oil and benzene via solution plasma process
    (2017-01-01)
    Seangarunthong, Napatsawan
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    Khongthong, Parinya
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    Panomsuwan, Gasidit
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    Ueno, Tomonaga
    ;
    Saito, Nagahiro
    Carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) were successfully synthesized from the mixture of used motor oil and benzene via a solution plasma process (SPP). The synthesis was achieved within a single step at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The effects of mixing ratio between used motor oil and benzene on the physical and chemical properties of CNPs were investigated by means of field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The results revealed that there were no significant changes in morphological feature and chemical functional groups on CNPs at different mixing ratios. The CNPs exhibited the aggregates of fine particles with the diameter of about 20-30 nm. The crystallinity of CNPs was found to be slightly increased when synthesized under the presence of used motor oil, possibly due to the effect of aliphatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in used motor oil. We expect that the conversion of used motor oil into CNPs by SPP could be another attractive way to add the value to used motor oil prior to disposing.
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    Magnetic Carbon Nanofibers from Horse Manure via Hydrothermal Carbonization for Methylene Blue Adsorption
    (2019-01-01)
    Kaewtrakulchai, Napat
    ;
    Putta, Ampol
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    Pasee, Warit
    ;
    Fuangnawakij, Kajornsak
    ;
    Panomsuwan, Gasidit
    Disposal and recycle of waste biomass is of great concern. Thermochemically converting the waste biomass to carbon nanomaterials is an interesting because of environmental friendly, low cost and local availability. In this work, magnetic carbon nanofibers have been synthesized by hydrothermal and carbonization of the magnetite preloaded on horse manure which is controllable temperature and additive of catalyst. It was found that Fe is able to form magnetic carbon nanofibers (M-CNFs). Furthermore, magnetic carbon nanofibers were used as an adsorbent for methylene blue adsorption. Synthesized magnetic sorbents exhibited high performance on methylene blue adsorption and it is successfully separated from the water by magnetic separation.