Supnithi, Pornchai

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Supnithi, Pornchai
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Supnithi, P.
Supnithi, Pomchai
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Email
pornchai.su@kmitl.ac.th

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    Compatibility of Low-Cost GNSS Receivers for Total Electron Content (TEC) Analysis
    (2025-01-01)
    Rana, Bhim Bahadur
    ;
    Supnithi, Pornchai
    ;
    Myint, Lin M.M.
    ;
    Tongkasem, Napat
    ;
    Budtho, Jirapoom
    Although the geodetic GNSS receivers are highly precise, they are inaccessible to every user, especially in remote areas. Therefore, this work aimed to find the reasons that bolster the low-cost GNSS receivers to be used with high resolution over a wide area, instead of geodetic in space weather studies. A comparative analysis was conducted between a low-cost Ublox ZED-F9P GNSS receiver and a geodetic Novatel Propak6 GNSS receiver, focusing on ionospheric parameters such as slant total electron content (STEC), vertical total electron content (VTEC), and the number of satellites tracked using the Global Positioning System (GPS). Additionally, VTEC values were compared with the GIM model. Both receivers exhibited a similar pattern of TEC, with the R2 value of 0.9734 and the root mean square error of 3.4583. The number of satellites tracked by both receivers during the observed periods was also found to be similar. Moreover, the VTEC results obtained from the low-cost GNSS receiver showed compatibility with the GIM model, demonstrating the reliability of the low-cost receiver in comparison to the geodetic GNSS receiver.
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    Analysis of ionospheric and geomagnetic fields changes in Thailand during the May 2024 geomagnetic storm
    (2025-12-15)
    Myint, Lin M.M.
    ;
    Perwitasari, Septi
    ;
    Nishioka, Michi
    ;
    Saito, Susumu
    ;
    Kaewthongrach, Rungnapa
    The extreme geomagnetic storm of May 2024, the most severe in two decades of space weather history up to date, had widespread effects on the ionosphere, from the polar regions to the magnetic equator. This study examines the responses of the equatorial ionosphere and geomagnetic field over Thailand during this geomagnetic storm, utilizing data from GNSS receivers, magnetometers, and ionosondes near the magnetic equator and low-latitude regions of Thailand. We analyze the direct and indirect impacts of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and interplanetary electric field (IEF) variations, driven by solar storms, on local equatorial magnetic fields and ionospheric parameters. Our finding reveals that storm-driven electric fields, particularly prompt penetration electric fields (PPEF) and disturbance dynamo electric fields (DDEF), strongly influenced equatorial electric field (EEF), causing notable fluctuations in total electron content (TEC), critical frequency of F2 (foF2), and virtual height of F layer (h’F). The Pearson correlation analysis highlights the rapid coupling between interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and local equatorial magnetic fields during geomagnetic storms. These observations enhance our understanding of geomagnetic storm impacts in equatorial regions, which is crucial for improving space weather forecasting and mitigation strategies, especially for GNSS-dependent systems and radio communications.
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    Spatio-temporal characteristics of ionospheric irregularities in low latitude regions during the peak of solar cycle 25
    (2025-07-01)
    Tongkasem, Napat
    ;
    Supnithi, Pornchai
    ;
    Thammavongsy, Phimmasone
    ;
    Nishioka, Michi
    ;
    Perwitasari, Septi
    Equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) are a primary source of ionospheric irregularities (IIR) in low-latitude regions. The severity of EPBs depends on the intensity, penetration, and disturbance of electric fields generated in the ionosphere. In this work, we analyze the IIR associated with geomagnetic activity in the low-latitude region (0°N–25°N, 90°E–110°E) from 2022 to 2024. The total electron content (TEC) and the rate of TEC index (ROTI) are used to investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics of these IIRs, influenced by both local EPBs and global geomagnetic storms. During low-to-moderate geomagnetic activity, electric field penetration and disturbances have a low impact on EPB development. The high solar activity intensifies the electric field, leading to intense EPB occurrences that can affect the entire region for several hours. From January 2022 to October 2024, these intense EPB events accounted for 35% of all EPB occurrences. During strong geomagnetic storms, the prompt penetration of electric fields (PPEF), and disturbance dynamo electric field (DDEF) caused the depression and fluctuations of TECs.
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    Study on Effect of Equatorial Plasma Bubble over Real-Time Kinematic Positioning in Bangkok Thailand
    (2022-01-01)
    Thu, Phyo C.
    ;
    Supnithi, Pornchai
    ;
    Myint, Lin Min Min
    ;
    Budtho, Jirapoom
    ;
    Saito, Susumu
    Equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) depict local ionospheric irregularity in low-latitude regions which can spread to mid-latitude regions. In this work, we analyzed the effects of the EPBs on the performance of real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning at the short, medium, and long baselines in Bangkok, Thailand. We used the kinematic positioning mode provided by a free and open-source software (FOSS) package called RTKLIB to analyze the positioning errors. It is found that the positioning errors are higher during the disturbance periods and more severe in the long baseline case.