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    Partial oxidation of synthesized wastewater containing lignin to vanillin and phenol under mild conditions
    (2020-02-01) ;
    Leephisuth, Pornyamon
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    Neramittagapong, Arthit
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    Neramittagapong, Sutasinee
    Partial oxidation of synthesized wastewater containing lignin to form phenol and vanillin was investigated. The reactions were carried out in a high-pressure reactor at various temperatures in the range of 140–200 ° C and under the air atmosphere with the initial air pressure of 2 bar for 75 min. The addition of NaOH has a strong effect on the formation of vanillin and phenol. The results showed that the highest vanillin concentration of 23.4 ppm and the highest phenol production of 30 ppm were obtained at a temperature of 140 °C and 200 °C, respectively. The vanillin and phenol can be produced from the partial oxidation of wastewater containing lignin at mild conditions.
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    Catalytic wet-air oxidation of aniline removal from synthetic wastewater
    (2014-01-01) ; ;
    Neramittagapong, Arthit
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    Neramittagapong, Sutasinee
    Wet-air oxidation (WAO) and catalytic wet-air oxidation (CWAO) over CuO/Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> and NiO/Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> catalysts for aniline removal were investigated. The oxidation reaction was carried out in a 1000-ml high-pressure batch reactor. The temperatures of 160, 200 and 260°C and the pressures of 5 and 10 bars were generally applied for 120 min. CuO/Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> and NiO/Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> catalysts were prepared by impregnation method. It is found from the results that aniline was completely degraded at these conditions. However, aniline was converted into other organic carbons which remained in the solution. So COD was found in the solution after the reaction. It is seen from the results that 56% of COD was removed by WAO at 200°C and 10 bars for 120 min. The CWAO over CuO/Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> catalyst showed higher COD removal (76%) than NiO/Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> catalyst (60%). The types of metal oxide had an effect to the activity of COD removal; that is, CuO showed higher COD removal than NiO. The WAO and CWAO of COD removal in aniline solution were the first-order kinetic with the constant reaction rate and activation energy for CuO/Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> of 0.234 s<sup>-1</sup> and 11.772 kJ/mol, respectively. © (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
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    Varnish and Sludge Potential: Strategies for Successful Gas Turbine Oil Condition Monitoring
    (2023-01-01)
    Chokelarb, Wasan
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    One growing concern in power plants nowadays is the presence of one of the lubricant degradation by-products that can affect the lubrication system, which is sludge and varnish. Membrane patch colorimetry (MPC) was performed to determine both soluble and insoluble varnish in used lubricating oil. The varnish potential index (SI-MPC) is the new guideline to evaluate the overall varnish and sludge formation, and it helps in detecting early signs of possible varnish and sludge problems in the system. Viscosity, FTIR, linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), total acid number, and particle count were also performed to monitor the correlation between varnish and sludge formation. The result shows that the early detection of soluble varnish (S-MPC, ΔE 13.0) before it transforms to insoluble varnish can help the power plant make an action plan before the varnish problem becomes worse (I-MPC, ΔE 68.5), and an increase in the varnish potential index also relates to the depletion of antioxidant additive (50.8%) and increased particle count (ISO 21/17/14) of the lubricant. Thus, proper monitoring of soluble varnish (S-MPC), insoluble varnish (I-MPC), and varnish potential index (SI-MPC) can improve the diagnostic and corrective actions for varnish problems in gas turbines.
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    Production of empty palm bunch biochar using microwave-assisted pyrolysis at low temperature
    (2021-09-15)
    Paikamnam, Atipong
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    Clowutimon, Weerawat
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    Chanpee, Sirayu
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    In this study, the production of palm empty fruit bunch biochar using microwave-assisted pyrolysis at low temperature was investigated. The empty palm bunch composition was analyzed by proximate analysis. The parameters relating to the production, i.e. type of microwave absorber, microwave power, heating time and ratio of palm empty fruit bunch to initial amount of microwave absorber, were studied to determine the optimum condition. The results found that the amount of fixed carbon in the empty palm bunch was approximately 10%. The optimum condition was microwave power 300-watt, heating 450 sec and ratio of empty palm bunch to concentrated sulfuric acid (the most suitable microwave absorber) 1:2.5. At this condition, the production yield was 50.78%. The iodine number of the biochar was 318.5 mg/g. The BET surface area of the biochar was 101.54 m2/g. The total pore volumes and pore diameter of the biochar were 0.144 cm3/g and 4.29 nm. respectively. The elemental analysis of biochar at the optimum condition was mainly composed of carbon and oxygen. The ratio of O/C is 0.73 indicating that the biochar is quite stable product against oxidation.
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    Investigation of important parameters for Photo-Fenton degradation of methyl orange over Fe/TiO2 catalyst
    (2020-02-01) ;
    Krobthong, Witthaya
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    Methyl orange (MO) is an intensely colored compound used in dyeing and printing textile, which contaminates the effluent. Photo-Fenton reaction is one of the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) which can treat the pollutant to the green products and small molecules. Photo-Fenton process using Fe/TiO<inf>2</inf>catalyst was applied to decolorization of methyl orange. The Fe/TiO<inf>2</inf> catalyst was prepared by using dry impregnation method. Plackett–Burman Full Factorial was applied to identify the significant parameters in methyl orange decolorization. Six factors (i.e. Fe/TiO<inf>2</inf> catalyst concentration, initial H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf> concentration, initial MO concentration, pH, stirring speed, and light intensity) influencing methyl orange decolorization were investigated. The results showed that the regression model for parameter screening was well-fitted with the experiment data, supported by the high R<sup>2</sup> of 0.95. The results also showed that Fe/TiO<inf>2</inf> catalyst dosage, H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf> concentration, initial MO concentration, stirring speed, and light intensity were the significant effects (P < 0.05) rather than pH. The assumption means a lot in engineering design involving with the confounding multifactor. It could be seen from the conclusion that Plackett–Burman Full Factorial is a suitable tool for screening a large number of parameters, when the complicating interactions of these parameters are involved. Therefore, the key parameters can be found and properly engineered; thus warranting the treatment efficiency and minimizing the cost.